2019-2020年高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題整合突破六 情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣.doc

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2019-2020年高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題整合突破六 情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣真題試做1(xx武漢五月模擬)If I had a pair of unseen wings，I _ as Spaceship Tiangong1 in space.(fly)如果我有一雙隱形的翅膀，我就能像天宮一號一樣在太空自由翱翔。2(xx武漢四次統(tǒng)考)You are such a lover of iPhones，so I believe that _ Steve Jobsdeath.(mourn)你如此地喜歡iPhones，我相信對斯蒂夫喬布斯的去世，你一定很難過。3(xx福建高考，31)We lost our way in that small village，otherwise we _ more places of interest yesterday.Avisited Bhad visitedCwould visit Dwould have visited4(xx北京高考，33)We _ the difficulty together，but why didnt you tell me?Ashould face Bmight face Ccould have faced Dmust have faced考向分析針對近幾年高考試題對于情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣的考查，復(fù)習(xí)備考時應(yīng)注意以下五個方面：1掌握情態(tài)動詞的基本意義和用法，把握情態(tài)動詞的語法特征和語意特征，區(qū)別意義相近、用法類似的情態(tài)動詞。2掌握情態(tài)動詞表示推測的用法，以及“情態(tài)動詞have done”結(jié)構(gòu)的用法。3掌握虛擬語氣在條件句中的用法，特別注意隱含的虛擬條件和錯綜時間條件句。虛擬語氣句子中動詞的使用形式一定要把握準確。4掌握虛擬語氣在一些固定句型中的用法。5注意情態(tài)動詞、虛擬語氣同其他語法項目的綜合考查。熱點例析一、情態(tài)動詞用來表示推測的用法1肯定句中用must(一定；很可能)，may(可能)，might/could(也許；或許)。其語氣的肯定程度按以下順序逐級遞減，即must(十分肯定)may(不太肯定)might/could(可能性較小)。might和could并非過去時態(tài)，只是語氣較為委婉或可能性較小。(1)表示對當前行為、情況或狀態(tài)的推測，用must/may/might/coulddo/be句型。(2)表示對此時此刻正在進行的動作的推測，用must/may/might/couldbe doing句型。(3)表示對過去發(fā)生的事情的推測，用must/may/might/couldhave done/been句型。2否定句中用can/could not(想必不會；不可能)或may/might not(可能不)表示否定推測。3疑問句中用can/could 表示“可能嗎？會是樣嗎？”二、“情態(tài)動詞have done”結(jié)構(gòu)must have done 過去一定做過/發(fā)生過cant/couldnt have done過去不可能做過/發(fā)生過should/ought to have done本該做，而實際上未做shouldnt/oughtnt to have done本不該做，而實際上做了could have done本來能做，而實際上未做neednt have done本不必做，而實際上做了may/might have done過去可能做過/發(fā)生過三、虛擬語氣在虛擬條件句中的運用1時態(tài)及其構(gòu)成：if條件從句從句的謂語形式主句的謂語形式表示現(xiàn)在情況動詞過去式(be的過去式用were)should/would/could/might動詞原形表示過去情況had過去分詞should/would/could/mighthave過去分詞表示未來情況should動詞原形should/would/could/might動詞原形動詞過去式were to動詞原形針對訓(xùn)練：If _，we should not have missed the train.(start)如果我們早一點出發(fā)，我們就不會錯過火車了。參考答案：we had started earlier2If引導(dǎo)的條件句中含有should，had，were時，可以將if省略而將should，had，were移到主語之前。針對訓(xùn)練：Its a pity that he failed the exam.Had _ his handwriting，he would have done better.(concentrate)他沒能通過考試真是太可惜了，如果他多注意一下他的書寫，他就會做得更好。參考答案：he concentrated more on3錯綜時間虛擬句：通常情況下，在非真實條件句中主句和從句的謂語動詞所指時間是一致的，但有時也可能指不同的時間，這時要根據(jù)上下文的意思采用不同的謂語動詞形式。如：If I had taken my raincoat with me this morning，I would not be wet now.(從句指過去，主句指現(xiàn)在)如果今天早上帶上雨衣的話，我現(xiàn)在就不會淋濕了。4含蓄條件句：without，with，but for，but，otherwise，or等。針對訓(xùn)練：(xx天津高考，15)I _ sooner but I didnt know that they were waiting for me.Ahad e Bwas ingCwould e Dwould have e答案：D解析：句意：我不知道他們一直在等我，要不然我肯定會快點來。由句意可知這里是對過去情況的虛擬，故D項正確。四、虛擬語氣在一些固定句型中的運用1在wish后面的賓語從句中用虛擬語氣，從句謂語向前推一個時態(tài)。在it is wished that后的主語從句以及名詞wish后面的表語從句、同位語從句中也要用虛擬語氣，謂語的形式同wish后面賓語從句的形式。2在insist/suggest(建議)/propose/order/demand/require/request等后的賓語從句中要用虛擬語氣，從句謂語用(should)do的形式。針對訓(xùn)練：Representatives attending Copenhagen Conference remended that _ to reduce carbon emission.(take)出席哥本哈根會議的代表們建議采取嚴厲措施來減少碳排放。參考答案：strict measures should be taken在it is suggested/proposed that引導(dǎo)的主語從句以及名詞insistence/suggestion/proposal/order/demand等后面的表語從句、同位語從句中也要用虛擬語氣，謂語的形式同這些名詞相應(yīng)的動詞后面賓語從句的形式。3在it is necessary/important/possible/strange/no wonder/a pity/a shame等后面的主語從句中要用虛擬語氣，謂語用(should) do的形式。4在it is time that后面的定語從句中用虛擬語氣，謂語用過去式或(should)do的形式。5在as if/as though/in order that/so that/for fear that/in case/would rather后面的從句中也常用虛擬語氣。6在由for fear that，in case，lest等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中，用“(should)動詞原形”表示“唯恐”。如：He handed the instrument with care for fear that it should be damaged.他小心地拿著儀器，唯恐把它摔壞了。誤區(qū)警示1情態(tài)動詞基本用法易錯點(xx全國高考，17)Im going to Europe on vacation together with John if I _ find the money.Acan Bmight Cwould Dneed【錯混透析】 A can“能夠”；might“可能”；would“愿意”；need“需要”。根據(jù)語境判斷，應(yīng)選A項。句意：如果我能找到那筆錢，我打算和約翰一起去歐洲度假?！窘忸}指導(dǎo)】 對于考查情態(tài)動詞基本用法的題目，首先要掌握各選項的基本意義和用法，其次要注意結(jié)合情景特征，體會說話者的語氣和態(tài)度，不要放過任何細節(jié)，利用有效信息，作出最佳選擇。2情態(tài)動詞表推測易錯點Mike _ the room now，I saw him playing basketball on the playground a moment ago.(clean)邁克現(xiàn)在肯定不在打掃房間，我剛才還看見他在操場上打籃球。參考答案：cant be cleaning【錯混透析】 考生做這道題目最常見的錯誤答案是：mustnt be cleaning，因為“must be doing”表“現(xiàn)在一定正在做”；故“現(xiàn)在一定沒在做”就容易誤用“mustnt be doing”；卻不知mustnt表“絕對禁止”，表“現(xiàn)在一定沒做”的推測常用“cant be doing”。故答案為：cant be cleaning?！窘忸}指導(dǎo)】 遇到考查情態(tài)動詞表示推測的題目，可通過三步作出判斷。首先看是肯定句、否定句還是疑問句，肯定句中一般用must/may/might，否定句和疑問句中一般用can/could；然后看是對什么時間的推測，表示對現(xiàn)在的推測用“情態(tài)動詞do”，表對此時此刻正在進行的動作的推測用“情態(tài)動詞be doing”，表示對過去的推測用“情態(tài)動詞have done”；最后看句子語氣的肯定程度，must(十分肯定)may(不太肯定)might/could(可能性較小)。3“情態(tài)動詞have done”結(jié)構(gòu)的易錯點We _ so much food now that Suzie wont be with us for dinner.(buy)既然蘇西不與我們一起吃飯，我們原本不必買那么多食物。答案：neednt have bought【錯混透析】 neednt have done表示“本沒有必要做卻做了”?！窘忸}指導(dǎo)】 “情態(tài)動詞have done”結(jié)構(gòu)是高考中經(jīng)常考查的內(nèi)容。要分清不同的情態(tài)動詞所構(gòu)成的結(jié)構(gòu)表達不同的含義。4隱含虛擬條件中虛擬語氣的易錯點I _ that bitter period without your generous help.(go)如果沒有你們的慷慨相助，我不可能度過那段艱辛的歲月。答案：couldnt have gone through【錯混透析】 由句意可知真實情況是“在你們的慷慨幫助下，我度過了那段艱辛歲月”。without.表示該句是與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣，用would/could/should/mighthave done?！窘忸}指導(dǎo)】 虛擬語氣的題目有時并不出現(xiàn)if條件句，而是通過without/but for/or/otherwise等介詞或連詞暗示虛擬的語境，這時一定要準確判斷時間。5固定句型中虛擬語氣的易錯點(xx北京高考，35)Dont handle the vase as if it _ made of steel.Ais BwereChas been Dhad been【錯混透析】 Bas if/though引導(dǎo)的從句所表達的內(nèi)容如果與事實相反，則從句需要用虛擬語氣。與現(xiàn)在事實相反時，謂語用一般過去式(did/were)。與過去事實相反時，謂語用過去完成式(had done)。題干中表與現(xiàn)在事實相反，故選B項?！窘忸}指導(dǎo)】 要想做好固定句型中虛擬語氣的題目，既要熟記這些句型，又要記住不同的句型中虛擬語氣的表達方式，即謂語用什么形式。1If I were you，I _ at once，because it is a waste of money and harmful to health.(stop)如果我是你，我會立刻戒煙，因為吸煙不僅浪費錢，也對健康有害。2Had I taken my umbrella with me when I came out this morning，I _ now.(wet)今天早上出去的時候要是隨身帶著雨傘，我現(xiàn)在就不會淋濕了。3If he had not failed in the college entrance examination twice，he _ without saying a word.(leave)如果不是兩次高考落榜，他不會什么也沒說就離家出走的。4If we _，we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.(take)如果我們走另一條路，我們也許會及時到達參加會議。5He put forward his suggestion at the meeting that every means _ to save the crops before the storm came.(try)在會議上他提出了一項建議，認為在暴風(fēng)雨來臨之前每一種拯救莊稼的方法都應(yīng)該嘗試。6Its been thirty years since I left my hometown.Great changes _ there.(take)我離開家鄉(xiāng)已經(jīng)30年了，那兒一定發(fā)生了巨大的變化。7Its high time that we students _ at our lessons as the final examination is drawing near.(work)期末考試臨近，是我們更加努力的時候了。8How we wish that we _ those people who have been buried in the ruins for 76 hours！(rescue)我們多希望能救出那些已在廢墟中埋了76個小時的人！9I was really very busy that day；otherwise，I _the party.(go)那天我真的很忙，要不然我就去參加聚會了。10If it should rain tomorrow，we _ the football match.(cancel)如果明天下雨，我們就不得不取消足球比賽。11Tom _ football now.I saw him waiting for the bus just a moment ago.(play)湯姆現(xiàn)在肯定不在踢足球，就在剛才我還看見他在等公共汽車。12The director of the laboratory demanded that the report _ after it was finished.(give)這個實驗室的主管要求在報告完成后立即交給他。13Mr.Blank had known the truth of the car accident before you told him，so you _ about it.(tell)在你告訴布蘭克先生之前，他已經(jīng)知道了汽車事故的真相了，因此你本沒有必要告訴他。14We _ the task on time，but the traffic delay destroyed all our plan.(plete)我們本來可以按時完成任務(wù)，但是交通延誤破壞了我們所有的計劃。15(xx湖北孝感漢川一中二月調(diào)研)The manager insisted that _ the panies who had done something that hurt our feelings.(break)經(jīng)理堅持要求我們與那些做了傷害了我們感情的事情的公司決裂。16(xx湖北荊門鐘祥一中五月適應(yīng))Part of the reason why he is absent is，I think，that he _ the meeting.(inform)我想他缺席會議的部分原因是他可能沒被通知。17If only she _ and planned better，then she wouldnt have been feeling so worried.(look)如果她往前看并計劃的好一些，她就不會感到這么擔(dān)心了。18If the rules of perspective had not been discovered，people _ paint such realistic pictures.(able)如果沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)透視法，人們就不可能畫出如此逼真的畫。19(xx湖北襄陽三月調(diào)研)The old mans evidence cant be acceptedhe _ anyone enter the victims room that day，because he is blind.(see)那位老人的證詞不能采信，他那天不可能看到有人進入受害者的房間，因為他是盲人。20(xx武漢四月調(diào)研)To our anger，the restroom in that park charged us tourists，but we _ it.(access)讓我們憤怒的是，那個公園的廁所收了我們游客的費，但我們本應(yīng)該有權(quán)免費使用的。參考答案六、情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣命題調(diào)研明晰考向真題試做1could fly as freely2you must have mourned over/for3D考查虛擬語氣。由句子中的“我們在那個小村莊里迷了路”與otherwise可想到本題考查對過去事情的虛擬語氣；otherwise等于if we hadnt lost our way in that small village，因此其主句應(yīng)用“would have done”的形式，故答案為D項。4C考查情態(tài)動詞。句意：我們本可以一起面對困難的，但是你為什么不告訴我？could have done sth. “本可以做某事”；should do sth. “應(yīng)該做某事”；might do sth. “可能做某事”；must have done sth. “一定做過某事”。表推測根據(jù)句意可知選C項。創(chuàng)新模擬預(yù)測演練1would stop smoking2should not be wet3wouldnt have left home4had taken the other way/road5(should)be tried6must have taken place7worked harder或should work harder8could rescue9would have gone to10would have to cancel 11cant be playing12(should) be given to him immediately13neednt have told him14could have pleted15we(should) break away from16may/might mot have been informed of 17had looked ahead18would not have been able to19couldnt/cant have seen20should have had free access to