高中英語(yǔ) Unit 1 section 1 A land of diversity課件 新人教版選修8.ppt

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A land of diversity,Unit 1,Section Warming up; Prereading, Reading & Comprehending,Unit 1,.詞匯過(guò)關(guān) 1音意記憶。 (1)_(n.)大多數(shù)；大半 (2)_(n.)苦難；困苦 (3)_(n.)百分比；百分率 (4)_(n.)(人口、貿(mào)易的)繁榮 (vi.)處于經(jīng)濟(jì)迅速發(fā)展時(shí)期,majority,hardship,percentage,boom,2形意記憶。 (1)distinct(adj.)清晰的；明顯的，明確的_(n.)差別；區(qū)分；卓著 (2)elect(vt.)選擇；決定做某事；選舉某人_(n.)選舉 (3)race(n.)種族_(adj.)人種的；種族的,distinction,election,racial,.短語(yǔ)自查 1live on_ 2by means of._ 3be forced into slavery_ 4gain independence from_ 5in addition_ 6向宣戰(zhàn)_ 7習(xí)慣于新的生活方式、工作等_ 8堅(jiān)持；維持；沿襲(風(fēng)俗、傳統(tǒng)等)_ 9在20世紀(jì)初期_ 10是的故鄉(xiāng)，是的棲息地_,繼續(xù)存在；繼續(xù)生存,用辦法；借助,被迫成為奴隸,脫離而獲得獨(dú)立,此外,declare war on.,make a life,keep up,at the beginning of the 20th century,become/be home to,.經(jīng)典句式 1_ your answers _ other groups. 把你們的答案和其他組加以比較。 2It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA, _. 加州與眾不同之處在于它也是美國(guó)最具多元文化的一個(gè)州，它吸引了來(lái)自世界各地的人們。,3Although Chinese immigrants began to arrive during the Gold Rush period, _ the building of the rail net from the west to the east coast _ brought even larger numbers to California in the 1860s. 雖然中國(guó)移民在淘金熱時(shí)期就開(kāi)始來(lái)到美國(guó)，但是更大批量的中國(guó)移民都是在19世紀(jì)60年代為了修建貫穿美國(guó)東西海岸的鐵路而來(lái)的。 答案：1.Compare with 2.having attracted people from all over the world 3.it was that,.語(yǔ)篇理解 Read the text CALIFORNIA and judge True or False. 1California is the largest state in the USA and has the largest population. ( ) 2The Native Americans were treated well after the arrival of the Europeans.( ) 3Of the first Spanish to go to California，the majority were religious men.( ) 4In the early 1800s，Russians began settling in California.( ),5In 1848, before the AmericanMexican war, gold was discovered in California.( ) 6During the Gold Rush Period, many achieved their dream of becoming rich.( ) 7California became the thirtyfirst fderal state of the United States of America in 1850.( ) 8In the late 19th century, Chinese immigrants arrived in California.( ) 答案：15.FFTTF 68.FTF,pare (v.) (1)A and B|A with/to B 比較；對(duì)比 It is interesting to compare their situation and/with ours. 把他們的狀況與我們的相比很有意思。 (2)with/to sb./sth.與類似(或相似) This school compares with the best in the country. 這所學(xué)校可與全國(guó)最好的學(xué)校媲美。 (3)A to B 表明與相似；將比作 A teachers work is often compared to a candle. 教師的工作常被比作蠟燭。,知識(shí)拓展 (1)compare notes(with sb.)(與)交換看法(或意見(jiàn)等) He is now comparing notes with his coworkers about the job. 他現(xiàn)在就工作問(wèn)題正與同事交換意見(jiàn)。 (2)beyond/without/past compare 無(wú)與倫比；舉世無(wú)雙 She is lovely beyond compare. 她真是可愛(ài)得無(wú)與倫比。 (3)compared to/with 與相比(在句中擔(dān)任狀語(yǔ)) Compared with/to our parents, we are indeed very fortunate. 與我們的父輩相比，我們確實(shí)很幸運(yùn)。,比較網(wǎng)站 compare和contrast,Compare this with that, and you will see which is better. 將這個(gè)與那個(gè)比較一下，你就會(huì)知道哪個(gè)比較好了。 Her actions contrasted sharply with her promises. 她的行動(dòng)與她的諾言有天壤之別。,活學(xué)活用 (1)Michaels new house is like a huge palace，_with his old one. Acomparing Bcompares Cto compare Dcompared 答案：D 句意：與舊房子相比，邁克爾的新房子看起來(lái)就像是一座大宮殿。compared to/with表示“與相比”，在句中擔(dān)任狀語(yǔ)。,(2)When_prices, one has to take into consideration the quality of the goods. Acompared Bbeing compared Ccomparing Dhaving compared 答案：C 句意：衡量?jī)r(jià)格時(shí)，也應(yīng)該考慮商品的質(zhì)量問(wèn)題。本題考查狀語(yǔ)從句的省略，其完整形式為：When one is comparing prices，.,2range (n.) (1)C, usually sing.(of sth.)一系列 There is a full range of activities for children. 這里有給孩子們提供的各種活動(dòng)。 (2)C, usually sing.(變動(dòng)或浮動(dòng)的)范圍，界限，區(qū)域 Several cars are available within this price range. 在這個(gè)價(jià)格范圍內(nèi)，有好幾種汽車(chē)可供選購(gòu)。 (3)C&U視覺(jué)(或聽(tīng)覺(jué))范圍 It came within my range of vision. 該物體進(jìn)入了我的視野。,(4)C&U 射程；射擊距離 The gun has a range of five miles. 這炮的射程為五英里。 (5)C 山脈 Im lucky enough to have a chance of admiring the view of the great mountain range of the Alps. 我非常幸運(yùn)能有機(jī)會(huì)欣賞雄偉的阿爾卑斯山脈景色。,知識(shí)拓展 (1)within/in range(of sth.)在可及的范圍內(nèi)，在視覺(jué)(或聽(tīng)覺(jué))范圍內(nèi) He shouted angrily at anyone within range. 他看見(jiàn)誰(shuí)，就對(duì)誰(shuí)吼叫。 (2)out of range(of sth.)超出的范圍；在視覺(jué)(或聽(tīng)覺(jué))范圍以外 The cat stayed well out of range of the children. 這只貓離孩子們遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)的。,活學(xué)活用 (1)補(bǔ)全句子 你能擊中樹(shù)梢上的那只鳥(niǎo)嗎？ Can you shoot that bird at the top of the tree? 擊不中，它在射程之外。 No，its_ _ _. 答案：out of range,(2)This restaurant has become popular for its wide_of foods that suit all tastes and pockets. Adivision Barea Crange Dcircle 答案：C 句意：這家餐廳越來(lái)越出名，因?yàn)樗鼮楦黝惾巳禾峁┝硕嘣氖澄?。a wide range of表示“各式各樣的”。,3illustrate (v.) (1)sth.(with sth.)加插圖于；給(書(shū)等)作圖表 This English textbook is well illustrated. 這本英語(yǔ)教科書(shū)有精美的插圖。 (2)(用示例、圖畫(huà)等)說(shuō)明、解釋 He illustrated his point by relating his own experiences. 他用自己的經(jīng)歷說(shuō)明了他的觀點(diǎn)。,活學(xué)活用 (1)The teacher wrote an example on the blackboard to_the point. Aillustrate Bsuggest Cexpress Drecognize 答案：A 句意：老師在黑板上寫(xiě)了個(gè)實(shí)例來(lái)舉例說(shuō)明這個(gè)要點(diǎn)。illustrate表示“舉例說(shuō)明”。,(2)The teacher_the history lesson with pictures of castles. Ataught Billustrated Cshowed Daddressed 答案：B 句意：教師利用城堡圖畫(huà)講解歷史課。illustrate sth. with/by sth.表示“用說(shuō)明、解釋”。注意，teach sb. a lesson表示“教訓(xùn)某人一頓”；例如：The accident taught me a lesson Ill never forget. 那次事故給我的教訓(xùn)永遠(yuǎn)也不能忘記。,4distinction (n.) (1)C(between A and B) 差別；區(qū)別；對(duì)比 I cant see any distinction between these two cases. 我看不出這兩個(gè)案例有什么不同。 (2)U 優(yōu)秀；杰出；卓越 He is a writer of real distinction. 他是一位真正才智超群的作家。 (3)U 區(qū)分；分清；辨別 The new law makes no distinction between adults and children. 這項(xiàng)新法規(guī)對(duì)成人和孩子同樣適用。,知識(shí)拓展 (1)draw/make a distinction between 對(duì)加以區(qū)別 without distinction 無(wú)差別地， 一視同仁地 (2)distinct adj.截然不同的；清楚的；明白的；明顯的 be distinct in.from. 在某方面與不同 (3)distinguish v區(qū)分；辨別；成為的特征 be distinguished from不同于； 與加以區(qū)別 distinguish oneself(as.)使自己與眾不同； 使自己出名；使自己受人青睞,Those two suggestions are quite distinct from each other. 這兩個(gè)建議截然不同。 There is a distinct improvement in your spoken English. 你的英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)有明顯的進(jìn)步。 What was it that distinguished her from her classmates? 是什么使得她有別于班上的其他同學(xué)？ We should make a distinction between right and wrong. 我們應(yīng)該分清是非。 He is fair to us without distinction. 他對(duì)我們一視同仁，毫無(wú)區(qū)別。,Silk is distinct from rayon in every respect. 在各個(gè)方面真絲跟人造絲截然不同。 Job enrichment should be distinguished from job enlargement. 工作豐富化和工作擴(kuò)大化應(yīng)加以區(qū)分。,活學(xué)活用 (1)補(bǔ)全句子 班長(zhǎng)在考試中成績(jī)優(yōu)異，因而顯得突出。 The monitor_ _by his performance in the examination. 答案：distinguished himself,(2)(原創(chuàng))This new suggestion is a/an _ improvement from the one I originally made. Adifferent Bdistinct Cvarious Dprecise 答案：B 句意：這個(gè)新建議比我原來(lái)提出的有顯著的改進(jìn)。distinct表示“明顯的”。,5means n手段；方法(單復(fù)數(shù)相同) Thoughts are expressed by means of words. 思想是通過(guò)語(yǔ)言來(lái)表達(dá)的。 知識(shí)拓展 by every means 用一切辦法 by all means當(dāng)然行；沒(méi)問(wèn)題 by any means 無(wú)論如何 by this means用這種方法 by on means 決不；一點(diǎn)也不(not a bit/at all若放句首要部分倒裝),There is no means of getting there. 沒(méi)有辦法可以到達(dá)那兒。 There is no doubt that telephone is an important means of communication. 毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，電話是交流的一個(gè)重要工具。,溫馨提示 (1)by no means放在句首時(shí)，句子用部分倒裝語(yǔ)序。 By no means am I satisfied with my present income. 我對(duì)目前的收入一點(diǎn)也不滿意。 (2)means用作“方式；方法”時(shí)單復(fù)數(shù)同形。若是all means作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；若是every/a means作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 All possible means have been tried，but not a means has worked. 所有可能的方法都嘗試過(guò)了，但是沒(méi)有一種方法奏效。,比較網(wǎng)站 means，way，method，approach,活學(xué)活用 (1)用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空 The farmers thought of ways_protect/_ protecting their trees. People can communicate with each other_means of the Internet. Each of them suggested a different approach_the problem. I guess he will carry out his new plan_this method. 答案：to；of by to with,(2)Do you think their table tennis team will win the first place at the coming Asian Games? _. Ours is much stronger than theirs. AOf course BIt depends CDont mention it DBy no means 答案：D by no means“絕不”；it depends“看情況而定”。,6majority n大多數(shù)，大半 For the majority of students, the only connection between high schools and universities is the national college entrance exam. 對(duì)于大多數(shù)學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)，高中和大學(xué)之間的唯一聯(lián)系就是高考。 The majority of migrant workers have no city hukou and find it hard to fit in with urban life. 大多數(shù)農(nóng)民工沒(méi)有城市戶口，很難適應(yīng)城市生活。 The majority was/were in favour of the proposal. 大多數(shù)人贊成這個(gè)建議。 Young women are in the majority in the fashion industry. 年輕女性在時(shí)裝業(yè)中占多數(shù)。,名師點(diǎn)津 “the majority of復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。the majority作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單復(fù)數(shù)形式均可。 知識(shí)拓展 the majority of 大多數(shù) by/with a majority 以多數(shù)，大半 be in the/a majority 占大部分/大多數(shù) a majority over sb. 超過(guò)某人的票數(shù),圖解助記 圖解majority及其相關(guān)詞,活學(xué)活用 (1)The majority of children in our class_brown eyes; only three have blue eyes. Ahave Bhas Cis Dare 答案：A 句意：我們班大多數(shù)孩子是棕色眼睛，只有三個(gè)是藍(lán)眼睛?！皌he majority of復(fù)數(shù)名詞”在句中擔(dān)任主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞采用復(fù)數(shù)形式。the majority擔(dān)任主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞采用單復(fù)數(shù)形式均可。,(2)Onethird of the country _ covered with trees and the majority of the citizens _ black people. Ais; are Bis; is Care; are Dare; is 答案：A 考查主謂一致。句意：這個(gè)國(guó)家的森林覆蓋面積占國(guó)土面積的三分之一，并且大多數(shù)市民都是黑人。the majority of后跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。,7elect vt.選擇；決定做某事；選舉某人 She elected an art course because she was interested in art. 因?yàn)樗龑?duì)藝術(shù)感興趣，所以選擇了藝術(shù)課。 Like men，women have the right to elect and to be elected. 婦女享有同男子平等的選舉權(quán)和被選舉權(quán)。,知識(shí)拓展 elect to do sth.決定做某事 elect sb.as選舉某人當(dāng) election n選舉 We wonder who will win the next election. 我們都想知道下屆選舉誰(shuí)會(huì)獲勝。,比較網(wǎng)站 elect，choose和select,活學(xué)活用 (1)完成句子 他決定當(dāng)醫(yī)生。 He_ _ _a doctor. 答案：elected to be,(2)A new national leadership，with both President Xi and Premier Li，_by the National Peoples Congress. Ahas been elected Belected Cwas elected Dhad been elected 答案：C 句意：全國(guó)人民代表大會(huì)選出了以習(xí)主席和李總理為首的新一代國(guó)家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人。leadership與elect之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，再根據(jù)該事件發(fā)生的時(shí)間可知應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。,8percentage n百分比；百分率 a percentage of后接名詞時(shí)，其后面謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)要與所接名詞相符合。 What percentage of the earth is covered by oceans? 地球的百分之幾被海洋覆蓋著？ What percentage of the students were absent? 缺席的學(xué)生占百分之幾？,知識(shí)拓展 the percentage of. 的百分比，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 The percentage of the students who are admitted to universities is 70%. 被大學(xué)錄取的學(xué)生的百分比是70%。,比較網(wǎng)站 percent和percentage,活學(xué)活用 (1)選詞填空(percentage/percent) 90_of work has been finished. A high_of skilled workers are women workers in the factory. 答案：percent percentage,(2)_percentage of the population died in the earthquake of Ludian? AHow much BHow many CWhat DHow 答案：C 考查percentage的用法。句意：魯?shù)榈卣鹬兴懒硕嗌偃?？percentage常與特殊疑問(wèn)詞what連用，故選C。,1.live on 繼續(xù)存在；繼續(xù)生存 Our government took measures to make this custom live on. 我們的政府采取措施使這個(gè)風(fēng)俗延續(xù)下去。 She died ten years ago but her memory lives on. 她十年前就去世了，但她卻留在人們的記憶中。,知識(shí)拓展 live on sth.以為食；靠生活 live for 為而活著 live up to 達(dá)到；符合；不辜負(fù) live with sth.忍受某事 live out 實(shí)踐；實(shí)現(xiàn) live through sth.經(jīng)歷(災(zāi)難或其他困境)而幸存 We will live up to what our parents expect of us. 我們絕不辜負(fù)父母對(duì)我們的期望。,I had to learn to live with the pain. 我不得不學(xué)會(huì)忍受痛苦。 He has lived through two world wars. 他經(jīng)歷了兩次世界大戰(zhàn)。 活學(xué)活用 (1)The operation turned out to be very successful, and the old man_for another ten years. Astayed up Bwent through Ckept up Dlived on,答案：D live on為固定用法，意思是“繼續(xù)生存”。stay up為“熬夜”；keep up意為“維持，保持”；go through意為“經(jīng)歷”。句意為“那次手術(shù)證明很成功，那位老人又活了十年”。,(2)Some famous singers_the income from record sales. Aturn on Bsit on Ccount out Dlive on 答案：D live on sth.在句中為“靠生活”的意思，符合題意。turn on“打開(kāi)”；sit on“坐在上”；count out“逐一地?cái)?shù)”。句意為“一些著名的歌手靠唱片銷售的收入來(lái)維持生活”。,2make a life習(xí)慣于新的生活方式、工作等；謀生 Mr. Bob made a life by selling newspapers. 鮑勃先生靠賣(mài)報(bào)為生。 They went to the West and decided to make a life there. 他們?nèi)チ宋鞑康貐^(qū)，決定去適應(yīng)新生活。 If you get, you make a living; if you pay, you make a life. 如果你工作上想獲得，你是在謀生；如果你工作上想付出，你是在生活。 The young couple moved to the nearby city to make a life there. 這對(duì)年輕的夫婦搬到附近的城市去適應(yīng)新的生活。,知識(shí)拓展 life相關(guān)短語(yǔ)： come to life 突然蘇醒；突然開(kāi)始工作；突然變得活躍 live/lead a life 過(guò)著的生活 come back to life 蘇醒過(guò)來(lái)；恢復(fù)生氣 full of life 充滿生氣 start/make a new life 開(kāi)始新生活 bring sb./sth. (back) to life 給某人/事物以活力；使復(fù)活 lay down ones life (for sb./sth.) 為獻(xiàn)身；犧牲生命 take ones (own) life: commit suicide 自殺,put an end to ones life: kill oneself 自殺 lose ones life 失去生命 活學(xué)活用 完成句子 (1)They settled down in China and_for themselves. 我們?cè)谥袊?guó)定居，習(xí)慣了新的生活方式。 (2)The new teacher really_for us. 新來(lái)的教師給我們把法語(yǔ)進(jìn)得生動(dòng)活潑。 答案：made a life brought French to life,3keep up堅(jiān)持；維持；使不低落；繼續(xù)；持續(xù)；沿襲(風(fēng)俗、傳統(tǒng)等) The good news keeps our spirits up. 好消息使我們情緒高漲。 Nobody knows how long the drought will keep up. 沒(méi)有人知道干旱將持續(xù)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。 Keep up your courage! 鼓足勇氣！ People there still keep up old customs. 那兒的人們?nèi)匀谎匾u古老的風(fēng)俗。,知識(shí)拓展 keep up your courage/the old customs保持勇氣/舊的傳統(tǒng) keep up your spirits打起精神 keep up with跟上，不落后 keep it up保持優(yōu)異成績(jī)，繼續(xù)干下去 keep to sth遵守，信守 keep away from避開(kāi)；遠(yuǎn)離 keep off勿踩；勿踏,活學(xué)活用 (1)完成句子 The police warned the people around to_ _ _(不要靠近)the burning building. Things will only work out if we all_ _the plan. 只有大家執(zhí)行計(jì)劃，事情才能成功。 答案：keep away from keep to,(2)Walking alone in the dark, the boy whistled to _ his courage. A. hold up B. keep up C. set up D. take up 答案：B 本題考查短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法。句意：獨(dú)自走在黑暗中，這個(gè)男孩吹著口哨來(lái)保持勇氣。hold up舉起， 抬起， 拿起 ；支持， 支撐， 承受住，支持??；攔住， 使停頓， 耽擱 ；keep up (使)不倒下， (使)不下沉 ；保持在高水準(zhǔn)上 ；跟上， 趕上；保持不衰退；set up 建起，搭起；take up拿起；抱起 ，占去。根據(jù)句意，B項(xiàng)正確。,1.California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population. 加利福尼亞是美國(guó)的第三大州，卻是人口最多的州。 (1)the third largest是序數(shù)詞修飾最高級(jí)，意為“第三大”。形容詞或副詞的最高級(jí)前面可用序數(shù)詞修飾，表示“第幾大/長(zhǎng)”。 The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 黃河是中國(guó)第二長(zhǎng)河。,one of the/among the最高級(jí)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，表示“最之一”。 China is one of the oldest countries in the world. 中國(guó)是世界上最古老的國(guó)家之一。 Paris is among the biggest cities in the world. 巴黎是世界上最大的城市之一。 (2)句中的population意為“人口”，還可指“全體居民”。 population作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式，但表示“population”中的一部分“成員”時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。,The population is increasing at about 6% per year. 人口以每年約6%的速度增長(zhǎng)。 The entire population of the town was at the meeting. 全鎮(zhèn)的居民都出席了集會(huì)。 The population of Australia is more than two thousand million. 澳大利亞的人口大約是2000多萬(wàn)。 One third of the population of this country are farmers. 這個(gè)國(guó)家三分之一的人口是農(nóng)民。,知識(shí)拓展 表示某一地區(qū)“有多少人口”用have a population of。 表示某一地區(qū)“人口多或少”用large/small，不用many/few。 問(wèn)某一地區(qū)“有多少人口”用What is the population of.？/How large is the population of.?,活學(xué)活用 (1)Do you know what is _ river? AAfricas second longest Bthe Africas second longest Cthe second Africas longest DAfricas the second longest 答案：A 句意：你知道非洲第二長(zhǎng)河是什么河嗎？形容詞最高級(jí)前有名詞所有格Africas修飾，故不加定冠詞the。,(2)The population of Jiangsu _ to more than twice what it was in 1949. The figure is now approaching 74 million. Ahas grown Bhave grown Cgrew Dare growing 答案：A 本題考查主謂一致和時(shí)態(tài)。人口作為一個(gè)整體作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。根據(jù)句意可知江蘇的人口不斷增長(zhǎng)，是1949年的兩倍多，因此應(yīng)該使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。,2It also has the distinction of being the most multicultural state in the USA, having attracted people from all over the world. 加州的與眾不同之處也在于它是美國(guó)最具多元文化特征的一個(gè)州，它吸引了來(lái)自世界各地的人們。 having attracted people from all over the world為現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式擔(dān)任后置定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞state，其作用相當(dāng)于非限制性定語(yǔ)從句which has attracted people from all over the world。分詞作定語(yǔ)可分為限制性(緊跟在所修飾的詞之后)和非限制性(用逗號(hào)與其所修飾的詞分開(kāi))兩種，其作用相當(dāng)于限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。,The funds(which/that have been)raised are mainly used for helping the homeless. 籌集的資金主要用于幫助那些無(wú)家可歸者。 The children(who needed)needing medical attention were sent to the nearest hospital immediately. 需要醫(yī)療護(hù)理的孩子們立即被送進(jìn)了最近的醫(yī)院。 This book，(which is)written in simple English, is suitable for beginners to read. 這本書(shū)是使用淺顯的英文寫(xiě)的，適合初學(xué)者閱讀。 This new book，(which deals with)dealing with West Africa, was written by professor Smith. 這是關(guān)于西非的一本新書(shū)，是史密斯教授寫(xiě)作的。,活學(xué)活用 (1)(2013山東)_ at the cafeteria before, Tina didnt want to eat there again. AHaving eaten BTo eat CEat DEating 答案：A 本題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：Tina以前去過(guò)這家餐廳，她不想再到那兒吃飯。此處是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作狀語(yǔ)，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞before可知，此處表示以前的動(dòng)作，而且與句子的主語(yǔ)之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成時(shí)態(tài)。,(2)用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 _(know)the situation well，they dealt with the problem easily. _(see)the film twice，I decided to go to the party instead. 答案：Having known Having seen,3Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows. 最早一批人具體是在什么時(shí)候來(lái)到我們現(xiàn)在稱之為加利福尼亞的地區(qū)的，誰(shuí)也說(shuō)不清楚。 (1)本句是主從復(fù)合句，其中主句是no one really knows, when引導(dǎo)一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句。本句可寫(xiě)成：No one really knows exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California. (2)what we now know as California是一個(gè)由what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句，作arrive in的賓語(yǔ)。,知識(shí)拓展 名詞性從句中what與that的區(qū)別： that在名詞性從句中不作成分；what在句中作成分。 What he said sounds reasonable.(what作said的賓語(yǔ)) That our team has won the game has been proved.(That在主語(yǔ)從句中不作成分),名詞性從句中what與which的區(qū)別： 指代前文已經(jīng)提到過(guò)的對(duì)象或范圍時(shí)，用which，否則用what。 There are many books available. I dont know which to read.(which指的是前文提到的books的其中一本) What book do you want to buy？(前文沒(méi)有提及買(mǎi)什么書(shū)或哪一類書(shū)),活學(xué)活用 (1)(2013北京)_ makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer. AThat BWhat CWho DWhich 答案：B 本題考查名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞。句意：使這本書(shū)與眾不同的是作者的有創(chuàng)造性的想象力。分析結(jié)構(gòu)可知，_ makes the book so extraordinary為主語(yǔ)從句，從句缺少主語(yǔ)，要用what引導(dǎo)。that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，僅僅起連接作用，不作句子成分，但是不能省略；who指人；which引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)與what的區(qū)別在于它為特指，而what為泛指。故正確答案為B。,(2)Everyone in the village is very friendly. It doesnt matter _you have lived there for a short or a long time. A. why B. how C. whether D. when 答案：C 考查名詞性從句。句意：村子里的人都很友好，所以你住在那里時(shí)間長(zhǎng)還是短都沒(méi)關(guān)系。it是形式主語(yǔ)，真正主語(yǔ)是whether引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。,4However，it is likely that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. 然而，可能至少在15000年以前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亞了。 It is likely that.“很有可能”，it是形式主語(yǔ)，that從句是真正的主語(yǔ)。 本句型可轉(zhuǎn)化為Sb./Sth.be likely to do.“某人/某物可能干某事”。,It is likely that the weather will be fine. The weather is likely to be fine. 天氣可能會(huì)很晴朗。 Its likely that she will ring me tonight. Shes very likely to ring me tonight. 她今晚很可能給我打電話。 知識(shí)拓展 likely可與most，very，quite等連用。 His attempt will be most likely to succeed. 他的嘗試很有可能會(huì)成功。,比較網(wǎng)站 likely，possible，probable,活學(xué)活用 (1)用likely，possible，probable完成句子 They are_to be angry with him. I will do everything_to help you. The home team，far ahead，is the_winner. 答案：likely possible probable,(2)句型轉(zhuǎn)換 You are likely to have forgotten all about it. _ 答案：It is likely that you have forgotten all about it.,5In addition, many died from the diseases brought by the Europeans. 此外，歐洲人帶來(lái)了疾病，使許多人染病而死。 (1)本句是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句，過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)brought by the Europeans作后置定語(yǔ)修飾diseases。過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí)通常后置，而單個(gè)的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)通常放在被修飾的名詞之前。 Whats the language spoken in that area? 那個(gè)地區(qū)講的是什么語(yǔ)言？ They decided to change the used material. 他們決定改變所用的材料。,(2)本句中in addition意為“此外”，在句中作狀語(yǔ)。 A new security system was installed. In addition, extra guards were hired. 新的安全系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)安裝。此外，還多雇了一些保安。 When Diane fell, she hurt her arm and, in addition, broke her glasses. 黛安妮摔倒時(shí)，摔傷了胳膊，還摔壞了眼鏡。 In addition to giving a general introduction to computer, the course also provides practical experience. 課程除了對(duì)電腦知識(shí)作一般介紹外，還提供實(shí)際操作的機(jī)會(huì)。,(3)die from死于(事故、災(zāi)難等外因) His grandfather died from an earthquake. 他爺爺死于地震。 Her uncle died from a traffic accident. 她叔叔死于一起交通事故。,圖解助記,活學(xué)活用 (1)_the names on the list there are six other applicants. AIn common with BIn addition to CCompared to DExcept for 答案：B 句意：除此名單上的名字之外， 還有六個(gè)申請(qǐng)人。in addition(to sb./sth.)表示“除以外(還)”。,(2)(2013陜西)The witnesses _ by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight. Aquestioned Bbeing questioned Cto be questioned Dhaving questioned 答案：A 本題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：被詢問(wèn)的目擊者們剛才對(duì)打架給出了不同的描述。分析句子成分可知question作the witnesses的定語(yǔ)，兩者之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，又“目擊者是被詢問(wèn)過(guò)的”；作定語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中，既表示被動(dòng)又表示完成意義的，要用過(guò)去分詞形式。故選A項(xiàng)。B項(xiàng)表示“正在被詢問(wèn)”，C項(xiàng)表示“將要被詢問(wèn)”，D項(xiàng)表示主動(dòng)強(qiáng)調(diào)完成，皆不合題意。,(3)翻譯句子 越來(lái)越多的人死于癌癥。 _ 車(chē)禍?zhǔn)芎θ艘騻劳觥?_ 答案：More and more people die of cancer. The accident victim died from injuries.,6However, some survived these terrible times, and today there are more Native Americans living in California than in any other state. 不過(guò)，還是有一些人挺過(guò)了這些恐怖時(shí)期而活下來(lái)了。今天住在加利福尼亞的美洲土著人比其他任何州的都要多。 (1)本句中and連接兩個(gè)并列分句。現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)living in.作定語(yǔ)修飾Native Americans。There be sb. doing sth.表示“有某人在做某事”，相當(dāng)于sb. be doing sth.。注意v.ing形式在此作定語(yǔ)。,There are about 25,000 RussianAmericans living in and around San Francisco. 有25000左右的俄裔美國(guó)人居住在舊金山或其周?chē)?There are already people wondering whether we should fight for the right of robots and machines. 已經(jīng)有人在想我們是否應(yīng)該為機(jī)器人和機(jī)器爭(zhēng)取權(quán)利而戰(zhàn)。,(2)本句中survive為及物動(dòng)詞，意為“挺過(guò)”；survive作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)還可表示“比活得時(shí)間長(zhǎng)”。此外survive還可用作不及物動(dòng)詞，表示“生存，存活，繼續(xù)存在”。 She is the only person who survived the explosion. 在那次爆炸中她是唯一活下來(lái)的人。 She survived her husband by ten years. 丈夫死后她又活了十年。,名師點(diǎn)津 surv