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1、第一課時(shí)名詞和主謂一致第一課時(shí)名詞和主謂一致B詞形變化類詞形變化類一、名詞單句語(yǔ)法填空/單句改錯(cuò)1.Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires，Asias biggest building，and fancy new hotels.But for tourists like me，pandas are its top _ (attract).(2016全國(guó)，61)2.The nursery team switches him every few _ (day) with his sister.(2016全國(guó)，69)感 悟 高 考3.Id skipped nea
2、rby Guilin，a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River that are pictured by artists in so many Chinese _ (painting).(2015全國(guó)，65)4.My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest.(2016全國(guó)，短文改錯(cuò))答案1.attraction2.days3.paintings4.honesthonesty 二、主謂
3、一致單句語(yǔ)法填空1.Leaving the less important things until tomorrow _ (be) often acceptable.(2016全國(guó)，63)2.This cycle _ (go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset (抵消) for the outside temperatures.(2015全國(guó)，68)3.In 1969，the pollution was
4、 terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland，Ohio.It _ (be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up.(2014全國(guó)，61)4.It is important to remember that success _ (be) a sum of small efforts made each day and often _ (take) years to achieve.(2015湖南，27)5.All we need _ (be) a small piece of land w
5、here we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.(2014湖南，32)答案1.is2.goes3.was4.is；takes5.is名詞考點(diǎn)一可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化 規(guī)則 以-o結(jié)尾的名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)時(shí)，常在詞尾加-s，但中學(xué)英語(yǔ)中下列名詞要加-es，它們是：黑人英雄在回聲中吃土豆、西紅柿，即Negroes，heroes，echoes，potatoes，tomatoes。但下列以-o結(jié)尾的名詞既可以加-es，也可以加-s，它們是：zeros (zeroes)零，mos
6、quitos (mosquitoes)蚊子，volcanos (volcanoes)火山?？?點(diǎn) 清 單規(guī)則 以-f或-fe結(jié)尾的名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)時(shí)，一般直接加-s，但下列以-f或-fe結(jié)尾的名詞需要把f或fe去掉，加-ves，它們是：為了自己活命，小偷和他的妻子手里拿著刀子和樹(shù)葉站在架子上，把狼劈成兩半，即selves，lives，thieves，wives，knives，leaves，shelves，wolves，halves。但下列以-f結(jié)尾的名詞既可以去掉f加-ves，也可以直接加-s，它們是：handkerchiefs (handkerchieves) 手帕，scarfs (scarve
7、s) 圍巾?？键c(diǎn)二可數(shù)名詞的不規(guī)則變化規(guī)則 常見(jiàn)單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞Chinese中國(guó)人；Japanese 日本人；sheep 綿羊；deer鹿；series 系列；means 方式；works 工廠；fish 魚(yú)；fruit 水果；crossroads 十字路口等。其中fish，fruit表示種類時(shí)，可加復(fù)數(shù)詞尾，即fishes，fruits。規(guī)則 自身有特殊變化的名詞childchildrenmanmentoothteethfootfeetmousemicephenomenonphenomenamediummedia考點(diǎn)三不可數(shù)名詞規(guī)則 通常只用作不可數(shù)名詞的名詞：advice建議；furni
8、ture家具；fun樂(lè)趣；information信息；news新聞；weather天氣；progress進(jìn)步；wealth財(cái)富；value價(jià)值等。規(guī)則 抽象名詞在表示具體的概念時(shí)，可以與不定冠詞連用，?？嫉降挠校?jiǎn)卧~單詞抽象名詞意義抽象名詞意義具體化名詞意義具體化名詞意義success成功成功成功的人或事成功的人或事pleasure樂(lè)趣樂(lè)趣令人高興的事令人高興的事beauty美；美麗美；美麗美麗的人或事物美麗的人或事物comfort安慰；慰藉安慰；慰藉令人感到安慰的人或事物令人感到安慰的人或事物delight高興高興令人高興的事令人高興的事 failure失敗失敗失敗的人或事物失敗的人或事物s
9、urprise驚奇驚奇令人驚奇的事情令人驚奇的事情 shock震驚震驚令人震驚的事情令人震驚的事情pride驕傲驕傲令人驕傲的事情令人驕傲的事情honor榮幸榮幸令人榮幸的事情令人榮幸的事情Your contribution will certainly make the event a huge success.你的貢獻(xiàn)一定會(huì)使這個(gè)事件很成功。Its a great honor for me to be here today and share my experience of learning English with you.我很榮幸今天在這里和大家一起分享我學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。 規(guī)則 物質(zhì)
10、名詞具體化drink飲料two drinks 兩杯飲料coffee咖啡a coffee一杯咖啡chalk 粉筆a chalk 一支粉筆hair 頭發(fā)a hair 一根頭發(fā) 考點(diǎn)四名詞所有格規(guī)則 用and連接的并列名詞的所有格要分兩種情況，即表示各自的所有關(guān)系時(shí)，要分別在并列名詞后加-s 或；表示共同的所有關(guān)系時(shí)，只在最后一個(gè)名詞后加-s或。Toms and Jims rooms.湯姆和吉姆(各自)的房間。Tom and Jims room.湯姆和吉姆(共同)的房間。規(guī)則 表示店鋪、辦公室或某人的家時(shí)，名詞所有格后被修飾的名詞一般省略。at the barbers在理發(fā)店at the teach
11、ers在老師辦公室規(guī)則 “名詞of名詞所有格”或“名詞of名詞性物主代詞”。a play of Shakespeares 莎士比亞的一個(gè)戲劇 a friend of mine 我的一個(gè)朋友 主謂一致考點(diǎn)一語(yǔ)法一致原則規(guī)則 動(dòng)名詞、動(dòng)詞不定式、主語(yǔ)從句、不定代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)。Listening to music makes me relaxed after a busy day.聽(tīng)音樂(lè)使我在一天的忙碌之后得到了放松。To love and to be loved is the greatest happiness in the world.愛(ài)和被愛(ài)是這個(gè)世界上最大的幸福。 考 點(diǎn)
12、清 單規(guī)則 主語(yǔ)后接介詞短語(yǔ)或其他插入語(yǔ)，如with，together with，as well as，along with，besides，but，except，including，rather than等，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)與主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。My father，together with his workmates，has been to Beijing.我父親和他的同事曾去過(guò)北京。規(guī)則 and，both.and.連接兩個(gè)不同的主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但是如果由and連接的兩個(gè)名詞表示同一個(gè)人或物時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需用單數(shù)形式。A famous writer and poet is t
13、o give a talk.一位著名的作家兼詩(shī)人將要作一次報(bào)告。規(guī)則 定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與先行詞保持一致。在“itbe被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分that/who.”強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中，be一般用單數(shù)形式。如果強(qiáng)調(diào)的是主語(yǔ)，that/who后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞由被強(qiáng)調(diào)的主語(yǔ)決定。It is I who am going to be a pilot.是我將成為一名飛行員。Anyone who has questions to ask，please come to my office this afternoon.有問(wèn)題要問(wèn)的人，今天下午到我辦公室來(lái)。規(guī)則 “more than one/many a單數(shù)
14、可數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；each，every，no所修飾的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，即使有and連接，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)。Many a desk and many a bench is to be taken out of the hall.許多課桌和凳子將被搬出大廳。Every boy and every girl wishes to attend the party held on Sunday.每個(gè)男生和女生都希望參加周日的聚會(huì)?？键c(diǎn)二意義一致原則規(guī)則 集體名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，若被看作一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；若被看作是構(gòu)成集體的一個(gè)個(gè)成員，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。常見(jiàn)的集體名詞有：fami
15、ly，class，team，group，public，committee，government，audience等。The class consists of 25 boys and 20 girls.這個(gè)班由25個(gè)男生和20個(gè)女生組成。The class are doing experiments.全班學(xué)生都在做實(shí)驗(yàn)。規(guī)則 “分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)/the majorityof名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于of后名詞的數(shù)以及其表示的意義：all，some，half，most，the rest等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)取決于主語(yǔ)實(shí)際表達(dá)的意義。70 percent of the surface
16、of our planet is covered by water.我們星球的表面百分之七十多都被水覆蓋著。規(guī)則 “the形容詞”表示一類人在句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.病人已被治愈，失蹤的人也都找到了。規(guī)則 a quantity of后既可接不可數(shù)名詞，也可接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)；謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于of后名詞的數(shù)以及其表示的意義。quantities of后無(wú)論是可數(shù)名詞還是不可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞均用復(fù)數(shù)形式。With more and more forests being destr
17、oyed，a large quantity of good earth is being washed away each year.With more and more forests being destroyed，quantities of good earth are being washed away each year.隨著越來(lái)越多的森林被砍伐，每年有大量的沃土被沖走。規(guī)則 “a number of復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，意為“許多”；“the number of復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，意為“的數(shù)量”。A number of students hav
18、e gone for an outing.許多學(xué)生去遠(yuǎn)足了。The number of the students is increasing year after year.學(xué)生的數(shù)量逐年增加。規(guī)則 表示時(shí)間、距離、重量、金額等復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式。Three thousand dollars is quite a lot of money for a boy.對(duì)于一個(gè)男孩來(lái)說(shuō)，3 000 美元是一筆大數(shù)目?？键c(diǎn)三就近一致原則規(guī)則 當(dāng)or，nor，either.or.，neither.nor.，not only.but also.，not.but.等連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
19、常與最近的主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。Not only the students but also the teacher enjoys listening to the music.不僅學(xué)生而且這位老師也喜歡聽(tīng)這種音樂(lè)。Neither his parents nor he himself is a bank clerk.他父母和他本人都不是銀行職員。 規(guī)則 在here，there置于句首的倒裝句中，當(dāng)主語(yǔ)不止一個(gè)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常與其鄰近的主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。There stands the teaching building between the two rows of trees.教
20、學(xué)樓在兩排樹(shù)之間。There is a pencil and two pens in the pencil-box. There are two pens and a pencil in the pencil-box.文具盒內(nèi)有一支鉛筆和兩支鋼筆。 1.【誤】My mother as well as my father are engineers.【正】My mother as well as my father is an engineer.【探究】as well as 連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)要和as well as前的主語(yǔ)保持一致。正 誤 探 究2.【誤】Its great honor fo
21、r me to be here today and share my experience of learning English with you.【正】Its a great honor for me to be here today and share my experience of learning English with you.【探究】honor前有形容詞great修飾，這是抽象名詞具體化，其前要加冠詞。易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)抽象名詞具體化In most countries，a university degree can give you_ flying start in life.誤填/答案
22、a抽象名詞start前有flying修飾，因此被具體化，意為“一個(gè)飛躍性的開(kāi)始”，故填不定冠詞a。句意：在許多國(guó)家，一個(gè)大學(xué)學(xué)位能給你的人生一個(gè)飛躍性的開(kāi)始。 易 錯(cuò) 防 范【點(diǎn)撥】物質(zhì)名詞或抽象名詞僅表示概念時(shí)，是不可數(shù)名詞，前面不加不定冠詞。但如果表示具體的人或事，特別是前面有形容詞修飾時(shí)，就變成了可數(shù)名詞，前面可加不定冠詞。 .單句語(yǔ)法填空1.A needle and thread _ (give) to her，but she could not sew the button on.2.Between the two rows of trees _ (stand) the teachi
23、ng building.3.This is because two thirds of the earths surface _ (be) made up of vast oceans.4.The total number of the population in China _ (be) about 1，320 million.5.Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who _ (wear) evening dress. 針 對(duì) 訓(xùn) 練6.Not only I but also Jane and Mar
24、y _ (be) tired of having one examination after another.7.In the rush hour，there were so many cars and _ (bus) on the road，so I was stuck.8.More than 300 _ (coach) have been invited to the meeting.9.They took some _ (photo) when they visited China.10.Mr.Smith，together with his wife and daughters，_ (b
25、e) going to visit Beijing next year.答案1.was given2.stands3.is4.is5.wears 6.are7.buses8.coaches9.photos10.is .單句改錯(cuò)(每句僅1處錯(cuò)誤)1.The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.2.One day，little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent.3.Mum taught me some basic step of baking.4.My old classro
26、om was interesting because three side of the classroom were made of glass.5.For example，we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sports for one hour every day.6.Whether the temple should be pulled down have caused a heated discussion.7.Hearing this，the whole class burst into laughter and m
27、y deskmate face turned red.8.It is our duty to work hard to achieve this goals.9.Tom as well as two of his friends were invited to the party yesterday.10.Nobody but three students were in the laboratory at that time.答案1.airsair2.parentparents3.stepsteps4.sidesides5.第一個(gè)hourhours6.havehas7.deskmatedes
28、kmates8.goalsgoal9.werewas 10.werewas Robots used for housework _1_ (test) out in some _2_(family).Tony，one of the _3_(robot)，looked like a tall and handsome man with smooth black hair，speaking in a deep voice.Larry was going to be away from home.Also，_4_ (curious) drove him to have a try on such a
29、new thing.So he hired a robot to accompany his wife Claire.Claire didnt like the idea at the beginning，but she agreed to it at last.At the first sight of Tony，Claire felt embarrassed.Gradually，Tony began to win the _5_(hostess) trust.語(yǔ)篇填空(用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空) He helped Claire realize her dreams by making he
30、r home elegant，giving her a new haircut，changing the make-up she wore and giving her advice on her personal _6_(dress).Therefore at the party all her guests who _7_(invite) were filled with _8_(admire) when they saw her house was completely changed.After the test，the company _9_(be)satisfied with Tonys report and believed it was a _10_ (succeed) because he had successfully made a woman regain her confidence and fall in love with him.答案1.were tested2.families3.robots4.curiosity 5.hostess6.dresses7.were invited8.admiration 9.was10.success
高考英語(yǔ)大一輪復(fù)習(xí) 第2部分 語(yǔ)法專題 詞形變化類 第一課時(shí) 名詞和主謂一致課件 新人教版
