高考英語大一輪復習 第2部分 語法專題 詞形變化類 第一課時 名詞和主謂一致課件 新人教版

第一課時名詞和主謂一致第一課時名詞和主謂一致B詞形變化類詞形變化類一、名詞單句語法填空/單句改錯1.Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires，Asias biggest building，and fancy new hotels.But for tourists like me，pandas are its top _ (attract).(2016全國，61)2.The nursery team switches him every few _ (day) with his sister.(2016全國，69)感 悟 高 考3.Id skipped nearby Guilin，a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River that are pictured by artists in so many Chinese _ (painting).(2015全國，65)4.My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest.(2016全國，短文改錯)答案1.attraction2.days3.paintings4.honesthonesty 二、主謂一致單句語法填空1.Leaving the less important things until tomorrow _ (be) often acceptable.(2016全國，63)2.This cycle _ (go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset (抵消) for the outside temperatures.(2015全國，68)3.In 1969，the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland，Ohio.It _ (be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up.(2014全國，61)4.It is important to remember that success _ (be) a sum of small efforts made each day and often _ (take) years to achieve.(2015湖南，27)5.All we need _ (be) a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.(2014湖南，32)答案1.is2.goes3.was4.is；takes5.is名詞考點一可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)的規(guī)則變化 規(guī)則 以-o結(jié)尾的名詞變?yōu)閺蛿?shù)時，常在詞尾加-s，但中學英語中下列名詞要加-es，它們是：黑人英雄在回聲中吃土豆、西紅柿，即Negroes，heroes，echoes，potatoes，tomatoes。但下列以-o結(jié)尾的名詞既可以加-es，也可以加-s，它們是：zeros (zeroes)零，mosquitos (mosquitoes)蚊子，volcanos (volcanoes)火山。考 點 清 單規(guī)則 以-f或-fe結(jié)尾的名詞變?yōu)閺蛿?shù)時，一般直接加-s，但下列以-f或-fe結(jié)尾的名詞需要把f或fe去掉，加-ves，它們是：為了自己活命，小偷和他的妻子手里拿著刀子和樹葉站在架子上，把狼劈成兩半，即selves，lives，thieves，wives，knives，leaves，shelves，wolves，halves。但下列以-f結(jié)尾的名詞既可以去掉f加-ves，也可以直接加-s，它們是：handkerchiefs (handkerchieves) 手帕，scarfs (scarves) 圍巾?？键c二可數(shù)名詞的不規(guī)則變化規(guī)則 常見單復數(shù)同形的名詞Chinese中國人；Japanese 日本人；sheep 綿羊；deer鹿；series 系列；means 方式；works 工廠；fish 魚；fruit 水果；crossroads 十字路口等。其中fish，fruit表示種類時，可加復數(shù)詞尾，即fishes，fruits。規(guī)則 自身有特殊變化的名詞childchildrenmanmentoothteethfootfeetmousemicephenomenonphenomenamediummedia考點三不可數(shù)名詞規(guī)則 通常只用作不可數(shù)名詞的名詞：advice建議；furniture家具；fun樂趣；information信息；news新聞；weather天氣；progress進步；wealth財富；value價值等。規(guī)則 抽象名詞在表示具體的概念時，可以與不定冠詞連用，常考到的有：單詞單詞抽象名詞意義抽象名詞意義具體化名詞意義具體化名詞意義success成功成功成功的人或事成功的人或事pleasure樂趣樂趣令人高興的事令人高興的事beauty美；美麗美；美麗美麗的人或事物美麗的人或事物comfort安慰；慰藉安慰；慰藉令人感到安慰的人或事物令人感到安慰的人或事物delight高興高興令人高興的事令人高興的事 failure失敗失敗失敗的人或事物失敗的人或事物surprise驚奇驚奇令人驚奇的事情令人驚奇的事情 shock震驚震驚令人震驚的事情令人震驚的事情pride驕傲驕傲令人驕傲的事情令人驕傲的事情honor榮幸榮幸令人榮幸的事情令人榮幸的事情Your contribution will certainly make the event a huge success.你的貢獻一定會使這個事件很成功。Its a great honor for me to be here today and share my experience of learning English with you.我很榮幸今天在這里和大家一起分享我學習英語的經(jīng)驗。 規(guī)則 物質(zhì)名詞具體化drink飲料two drinks 兩杯飲料coffee咖啡a coffee一杯咖啡chalk 粉筆a chalk 一支粉筆hair 頭發(fā)a hair 一根頭發(fā) 考點四名詞所有格規(guī)則 用and連接的并列名詞的所有格要分兩種情況，即表示各自的所有關(guān)系時，要分別在并列名詞后加-s 或；表示共同的所有關(guān)系時，只在最后一個名詞后加-s或。Toms and Jims rooms.湯姆和吉姆(各自)的房間。Tom and Jims room.湯姆和吉姆(共同)的房間。規(guī)則 表示店鋪、辦公室或某人的家時，名詞所有格后被修飾的名詞一般省略。at the barbers在理發(fā)店at the teachers在老師辦公室規(guī)則 “名詞of名詞所有格”或“名詞of名詞性物主代詞”。a play of Shakespeares 莎士比亞的一個戲劇 a friend of mine 我的一個朋友 主謂一致考點一語法一致原則規(guī)則 動名詞、動詞不定式、主語從句、不定代詞作主語時，謂語動詞常用單數(shù)。Listening to music makes me relaxed after a busy day.聽音樂使我在一天的忙碌之后得到了放松。To love and to be loved is the greatest happiness in the world.愛和被愛是這個世界上最大的幸福。 考 點 清 單規(guī)則 主語后接介詞短語或其他插入語，如with，together with，as well as，along with，besides，but，except，including，rather than等，謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)與主語的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。My father，together with his workmates，has been to Beijing.我父親和他的同事曾去過北京。規(guī)則 and，both.and.連接兩個不同的主語，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式，但是如果由and連接的兩個名詞表示同一個人或物時，謂語動詞需用單數(shù)形式。A famous writer and poet is to give a talk.一位著名的作家兼詩人將要作一次報告。規(guī)則 定語從句中關(guān)系代詞作主語時，從句中的謂語動詞要與先行詞保持一致。在“itbe被強調(diào)部分that/who.”強調(diào)句型中，be一般用單數(shù)形式。如果強調(diào)的是主語，that/who后的謂語動詞由被強調(diào)的主語決定。It is I who am going to be a pilot.是我將成為一名飛行員。Anyone who has questions to ask，please come to my office this afternoon.有問題要問的人，今天下午到我辦公室來。規(guī)則 “more than one/many a單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；each，every，no所修飾的名詞作主語時，即使有and連接，謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)。Many a desk and many a bench is to be taken out of the hall.許多課桌和凳子將被搬出大廳。Every boy and every girl wishes to attend the party held on Sunday.每個男生和女生都希望參加周日的聚會。考點二意義一致原則規(guī)則 集體名詞作主語時，若被看作一個整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；若被看作是構(gòu)成集體的一個個成員，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。常見的集體名詞有：family，class，team，group，public，committee，government，audience等。The class consists of 25 boys and 20 girls.這個班由25個男生和20個女生組成。The class are doing experiments.全班學生都在做實驗。規(guī)則 “分數(shù)/百分數(shù)/the majorityof名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞的單復數(shù)取決于of后名詞的數(shù)以及其表示的意義：all，some，half，most，the rest等作主語時，謂語動詞單復數(shù)取決于主語實際表達的意義。70 percent of the surface of our planet is covered by water.我們星球的表面百分之七十多都被水覆蓋著。規(guī)則 “the形容詞”表示一類人在句中作主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.病人已被治愈，失蹤的人也都找到了。規(guī)則 a quantity of后既可接不可數(shù)名詞，也可接可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)；謂語動詞的單復數(shù)取決于of后名詞的數(shù)以及其表示的意義。quantities of后無論是可數(shù)名詞還是不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞均用復數(shù)形式。With more and more forests being destroyed，a large quantity of good earth is being washed away each year.With more and more forests being destroyed，quantities of good earth are being washed away each year.隨著越來越多的森林被砍伐，每年有大量的沃土被沖走。規(guī)則 “a number of復數(shù)名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式，意為“許多”；“the number of復數(shù)名詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，意為“的數(shù)量”。A number of students have gone for an outing.許多學生去遠足了。The number of the students is increasing year after year.學生的數(shù)量逐年增加。規(guī)則 表示時間、距離、重量、金額等復數(shù)名詞作主語時，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)形式。Three thousand dollars is quite a lot of money for a boy.對于一個男孩來說，3 000 美元是一筆大數(shù)目?？键c三就近一致原則規(guī)則 當or，nor，either.or.，neither.nor.，not only.but also.，not.but.等連接并列主語時，謂語動詞常與最近的主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。Not only the students but also the teacher enjoys listening to the music.不僅學生而且這位老師也喜歡聽這種音樂。Neither his parents nor he himself is a bank clerk.他父母和他本人都不是銀行職員。 規(guī)則 在here，there置于句首的倒裝句中，當主語不止一個時，謂語動詞通常與其鄰近的主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。There stands the teaching building between the two rows of trees.教學樓在兩排樹之間。There is a pencil and two pens in the pencil-box. There are two pens and a pencil in the pencil-box.文具盒內(nèi)有一支鉛筆和兩支鋼筆。 1.【誤】My mother as well as my father are engineers.【正】My mother as well as my father is an engineer.【探究】as well as 連接并列主語時，謂語要和as well as前的主語保持一致。正 誤 探 究2.【誤】Its great honor for me to be here today and share my experience of learning English with you.【正】Its a great honor for me to be here today and share my experience of learning English with you.【探究】honor前有形容詞great修飾，這是抽象名詞具體化，其前要加冠詞。易錯點抽象名詞具體化In most countries，a university degree can give you_ flying start in life.誤填/答案a抽象名詞start前有flying修飾，因此被具體化，意為“一個飛躍性的開始”，故填不定冠詞a。句意：在許多國家，一個大學學位能給你的人生一個飛躍性的開始。 易 錯 防 范【點撥】物質(zhì)名詞或抽象名詞僅表示概念時，是不可數(shù)名詞，前面不加不定冠詞。但如果表示具體的人或事，特別是前面有形容詞修飾時，就變成了可數(shù)名詞，前面可加不定冠詞。 .單句語法填空1.A needle and thread _ (give) to her，but she could not sew the button on.2.Between the two rows of trees _ (stand) the teaching building.3.This is because two thirds of the earths surface _ (be) made up of vast oceans.4.The total number of the population in China _ (be) about 1，320 million.5.Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who _ (wear) evening dress. 針 對 訓 練6.Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ (be) tired of having one examination after another.7.In the rush hour，there were so many cars and _ (bus) on the road，so I was stuck.8.More than 300 _ (coach) have been invited to the meeting.9.They took some _ (photo) when they visited China.10.Mr.Smith，together with his wife and daughters，_ (be) going to visit Beijing next year.答案1.was given2.stands3.is4.is5.wears 6.are7.buses8.coaches9.photos10.is .單句改錯(每句僅1處錯誤)1.The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier.2.One day，little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent.3.Mum taught me some basic step of baking.4.My old classroom was interesting because three side of the classroom were made of glass.5.For example，we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sports for one hour every day.6.Whether the temple should be pulled down have caused a heated discussion.7.Hearing this，the whole class burst into laughter and my deskmate face turned red.8.It is our duty to work hard to achieve this goals.9.Tom as well as two of his friends were invited to the party yesterday.10.Nobody but three students were in the laboratory at that time.答案1.airsair2.parentparents3.stepsteps4.sidesides5.第一個hourhours6.havehas7.deskmatedeskmates8.goalsgoal9.werewas 10.werewas Robots used for housework _1_ (test) out in some _2_(family).Tony，one of the _3_(robot)，looked like a tall and handsome man with smooth black hair，speaking in a deep voice.Larry was going to be away from home.Also，_4_ (curious) drove him to have a try on such a new thing.So he hired a robot to accompany his wife Claire.Claire didnt like the idea at the beginning，but she agreed to it at last.At the first sight of Tony，Claire felt embarrassed.Gradually，Tony began to win the _5_(hostess) trust.語篇填空(用所給詞的適當形式填空) He helped Claire realize her dreams by making her home elegant，giving her a new haircut，changing the make-up she wore and giving her advice on her personal _6_(dress).Therefore at the party all her guests who _7_(invite) were filled with _8_(admire) when they saw her house was completely changed.After the test，the company _9_(be)satisfied with Tonys report and believed it was a _10_ (succeed) because he had successfully made a woman regain her confidence and fall in love with him.答案1.were tested2.families3.robots4.curiosity 5.hostess6.dresses7.were invited8.admiration 9.was10.success