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1、Part2 考點(diǎn)9Part2 語(yǔ)法專題語(yǔ)法專題考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)9 定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句 對(duì)定語(yǔ)從句的考查在湖南高考中主要出現(xiàn)在單項(xiàng)填空部分。1.主要考查的知識(shí)點(diǎn)：(1)關(guān)系詞的選用(2)關(guān)系詞前加介詞等的用法(3)定語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)(4)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的用法復(fù)習(xí)重點(diǎn)：復(fù)習(xí)重點(diǎn)：(1)關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的用法區(qū)別。(2)掌握只能用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的情形。(3)掌握介詞加關(guān)系代詞的用法。(4)掌握as和which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的用法。2.如何應(yīng)對(duì)定語(yǔ)從句的考查 解題時(shí)，首先要確定先行詞，根據(jù)先行詞在從句中所作的句子成分來(lái)判斷該用關(guān)系代詞還是副詞，并且確定具體用哪個(gè)關(guān)系詞。如果從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為不及物動(dòng)詞
2、，應(yīng)考慮關(guān)系代詞前該不該加介詞。 (2010湖南)Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school _ I met in the English speech contest last year. A. who B. where C. when D. which 思路點(diǎn)撥：思路點(diǎn)撥：首先確定先行詞，根據(jù)空格后的從句I met in the English speech contest last year缺少met的賓語(yǔ)，該賓語(yǔ)應(yīng)當(dāng)為sb.，故可判斷先行詞不是從句最靠近的my school，而是被in my sch
3、ool所隔開(kāi)的the students。故此，關(guān)系代詞該用who/whom或者省略。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，只有A選項(xiàng)正確。1.定義：修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞的從句稱為定語(yǔ)從句，一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞后面。2.先行詞：被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞或代詞稱為先行詞。3. 關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞稱為關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系代詞：who, whom, whose, which, that, as等；關(guān)系副詞：where, when, why等。關(guān)系詞常有三個(gè)作用：引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句；代替先行詞；在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。如： Harry Potter is the most interesting nov
4、el that I have read. 分析：that I have read是定語(yǔ)從句；novel是先行詞；that 是關(guān)系代詞，代替先行詞novel，在從句中作have read的賓語(yǔ)。關(guān)系詞指代人或物定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞株P(guān)系代詞that人或物主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)which 物或主句內(nèi)容主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)who人主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)whom 人賓語(yǔ)whose 人或物定語(yǔ)as人或物或主句內(nèi)容 主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)關(guān)系副詞when時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)where 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)why原因狀語(yǔ)4. 限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句 限制性定語(yǔ)從句形式上不用逗號(hào)和主句隔開(kāi)，是先行詞不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明確，翻譯成先行詞的定語(yǔ)
5、，“的”。 非限制性定語(yǔ)從句是先行詞的附加說(shuō)明，去掉了也不會(huì)影響主句的意思，它與主句之間通常用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)，通常翻譯成主句的并列句。關(guān)系代詞that和關(guān)系副詞why不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。 His brother who is now a lawyer always encourages him to go to college. 他那個(gè)現(xiàn)在是律師的哥哥總是鼓勵(lì)他上大學(xué)。(他還有其他的哥哥) His brother, who is now a lawyer, always encourages him to go to college. 他的哥哥，現(xiàn)在是律師，總是鼓勵(lì)他上大學(xué)。(他只有一個(gè)哥哥)
6、熟熟 讀讀 深深 思思1.關(guān)系代詞的使用定義關(guān)系代詞的使用定義(1)She is the woman (whom / that/who) I wanted to see yesterday. (2)I, who am your close friend, will try my best to help you whenever you are in trouble.(3)Harry Potter is one of the bestsellers that are popular with teenagers.Harry Potter is the only one of the bests
7、ellersthat makes the author a billionaire.熟熟 讀讀 深深 思思(4)Great changes have taken place in China, as is known to all.(5)To own a TV set in each family, which we think was impossible 20 years ago, now has become true.(6)All that can be done has been done.(7)This is the very dictionary that I want to b
8、uy.(8)The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.(9)Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?熟熟 讀讀 深深 思思(10)Who is the man that is standing there?(11)They have set up a company, which deals with the things that are related to environment protection.(12) Han
9、gzhou is no more the city that it used to be.(13)The tree, which is four hundred years old, is very famous here.(14)We depend on the land from which we get our food.(15)Is there anyone who is ready to help the injured person?熟熟 讀讀 深深 思思(16)The classroom whose door/ the door of which/of which the doo
10、r is broken is on the second floor. (17)As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health. (18)This house is not such as I expect.(such為代詞，作先行詞； as在從句中作賓語(yǔ))(19)As was pointed out, this kind of substance is poisonous.(20)This is the book (which / that) I am looking for. 熟熟 讀讀 深深 思思(21) He loved his parent
11、s deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. He loved his parents deeply, of whom both are very kind to him.(22) I dont have enough money with which to buy such an expensive dress.I dont have enough money with which I can buy such an expensive dress.(23) Mike was a student at the university from 199
12、8 to 2004, during which time he studied very hard and was made chairman of the Students Union. 歸歸 納納 總總 結(jié)結(jié)規(guī)則規(guī)則1：關(guān)系代詞若在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)并且前面無(wú)介詞時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞可省略，其他情況不可省，如：(1)。規(guī)則規(guī)則2：定語(yǔ)從句中的主謂一致問(wèn)題(1)關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致，如：(2)。(2) one of 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 關(guān)系代詞 復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞；而the only one of 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 關(guān)系代詞 單數(shù)動(dòng)詞，如：(3)。(3)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，
13、由關(guān)系代詞as或which代替整個(gè)主句時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)，如：(4)。歸歸 納納 總總 結(jié)結(jié)(4)關(guān)系代詞和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間有插入語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)要看關(guān)系代詞的指代，如：(5)。規(guī)則規(guī)則3：指物時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句中的關(guān)系代詞只能用that的情況：(1)當(dāng)先行詞為everything, anything, nothing, the one, none, all, much, few, any, little等不定代詞時(shí)，如：(6)。(2)當(dāng)先行詞被the only, the very, all, much, few, any, little, no修飾時(shí)，如：(7)。(3)當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)
14、詞、形容詞最高級(jí)或者先行詞被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)，如：(8)。歸歸 納納 總總 結(jié)結(jié)(4)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)，如：(9)。(5)當(dāng)主句的主語(yǔ)是疑問(wèn)詞who或which時(shí)，為避免重復(fù)要用that，如：(10)。(6)有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，其中一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞已用which，另一個(gè)則用that，如：(11)。(7)當(dāng)先行詞在主句中作表語(yǔ)，而關(guān)系代詞也在從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，只用that，如：(12)。規(guī)則規(guī)則4：指物時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句中的關(guān)系代詞只能用 which的情況：(1)在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，如：(13)。(2)介詞后，如：(14)。歸歸 納納 總總 結(jié)結(jié)(3)有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，其中一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞已用
15、that，另一個(gè)宜用which。規(guī)則規(guī)則5：指人時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句中的關(guān)系代詞只能用who的情況：(1)當(dāng)先行詞是anyone, those時(shí)，如：(15)。 (2)有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，其中一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞已用that，另一個(gè)宜用who。規(guī)則規(guī)則6：whose可以指代人或物，在定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ)， 后跟名詞。指物時(shí)，whose名詞名詞 of which of which 名詞，如：(16)。歸歸 納納 總總 結(jié)結(jié)規(guī)則規(guī)則7：關(guān)系代詞as和which 在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，as和which可代替整個(gè)主句，相當(dāng)于and this或and that。二者的區(qū)別主要在于：(1) as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句既可以在主
16、句前，也可以在主句后，有時(shí)還可以插入句中，常帶有“正如，正像”的意思。而which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只能放在主句之后，翻譯成“這”，如：(17)。(2) 主句中出現(xiàn)the same, as, such, so修飾先行詞，需選擇as做關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，如：(18)。歸歸 納納 總總 結(jié)結(jié)【注意】當(dāng)先行詞由the same修飾時(shí)，有時(shí)也用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，但是和由as所引導(dǎo)的意思不同：that表示同一個(gè)，as表示同一類。(3)在以下結(jié)構(gòu)中，一般也用as: as (it) appears, as (it) seems likely, as (it) often happens
17、, as (it) was pointed out/said/reported/announced, as (it) was said earlier, as I remember (it), as is wellknown, as is known to all, as anybody can see等，如：(19)。歸歸 納納 總總 結(jié)結(jié)規(guī)則規(guī)則8：“介詞關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句“介詞關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，關(guān)系代詞指人時(shí)用whom，指物時(shí)用which。(1) 某些帶有介詞的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，介詞可以提至關(guān)系代詞之前，但是在一些固定搭配的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中，由于動(dòng)詞和介詞不可以分割，因此不能將介詞置于關(guān)
18、系代詞之前，如take care of, look for, look after, care for等，如：(20)。歸歸 納納 總總 結(jié)結(jié)(2)“介詞關(guān)系代詞”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代詞或者數(shù)詞，有時(shí)數(shù)詞或代詞也可以放在“介詞關(guān)系代詞”之后，如：(21)。(3)介詞which / whomto do結(jié)構(gòu)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)可以改為：介詞which / whom定語(yǔ)從句，如：(22)。(4)在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，which可作定語(yǔ)，指先行詞(短語(yǔ)或句子)所表示的信息，形成“介詞which 名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，相當(dāng)于and
19、 in/at/during this/that名詞，如：(23)。熟熟 讀讀 深深 思思2. 關(guān)系副詞的使用關(guān)系副詞的使用(1) I still remember the day when / on which I first came to the school.(2) The house where / in which I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.(3) I dont know the reason why / for which he looks unhappy today.(4) The way(in which / that
20、)he answered the question was surprising. (5) China is the birth place of kites, from where kites spread to Japan, Korea, Thailand and India. 規(guī)則規(guī)則1：when指時(shí)間，在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)；when表示時(shí)間的介詞(in / at / on / during)which，如：(1)。 規(guī)則規(guī)則2：where指地點(diǎn)，在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，where表示地點(diǎn)的介詞(in / at / on / under)which，如：(2)。規(guī)則規(guī)則3：why指原因
21、，在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ)， why表示原因的介詞(for)which，如：(3)。規(guī)則規(guī)則4：以the way為先行詞的定語(yǔ)從句通常由in which或that引導(dǎo)，而且通?？梢允÷?，如：(4)。歸歸 納納 總總 結(jié)結(jié)【注意】 The way (which / that) he explained to us was quite simple.(which / that在從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)成分) 規(guī)則規(guī)則5：有時(shí)為了表達(dá)更清楚，可以在關(guān)系副詞where / when前加上介詞to, from等，如：(5)?！咀⒁狻?一些特殊的先行詞如situation, point, case, activity
22、，scene及period, festival, occasion等要注意具體情況具體分析，作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)時(shí)，用關(guān)系代詞 t h a t / w h i c h ； 作 狀 語(yǔ) 時(shí) ， 用 關(guān) 系 副 詞where/when或“介詞which”。歸歸 納納 總總 結(jié)結(jié) There is one point (that/which) we must insist on. 有一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)我們必須堅(jiān)持。(定語(yǔ)從句可還原為：we must insist on the point, 所以先行詞point在定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ)，故用that/which或省略。) Were just trying to rea
23、ch a point where both sides will sit down together and talk. 我們正努力做到能讓雙方坐下來(lái)對(duì)話。 (定語(yǔ)從句可還原為：at a point both sides will sit down together and talk, 故先行詞point在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)，所以關(guān)系詞用where/at which。)歸歸 納納 總總 結(jié)結(jié)熟熟 讀讀 深深 思思3. 關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞的選擇關(guān)系副詞的選擇 用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞填空(1) I will remember the days that we spent together. (2)
24、June 7 is the day when we begin to take the college entrance examination. (3) This is the place that we visited the day before yesterday. (4) This is the place where he worked for ten years. 歸歸 納納 總總 結(jié)結(jié)規(guī)則規(guī)則1：用還原法：將先行詞放入定語(yǔ)從句中，找到它的原有位置，判斷它作什么成分以及判斷先行詞指人還是指物。規(guī)則規(guī)則2：一般說(shuō)來(lái)，作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)時(shí)，用關(guān)系代詞；作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，用關(guān)系副詞或介詞whi
25、ch；作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，用whose。熟熟 讀讀 深深 思思4. 定語(yǔ)從句和其他句型之間的區(qū)別定語(yǔ)從句和其他句型之間的區(qū)別用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞填空(1) He is such a good boy that everyone likes him. (2) He is such a good boy as everyone likes. (3) He said nothing that made me angry. (4) He said nothing, which made me angry.(5) He said nothing, and that made me angry.(6) As is kno
26、wn to all, the moon travels around the earth. (7) News came that our class had won the game. 熟熟 讀讀 深深 思思(8)What is known to all is that the moon travels around the earth. (9)I dont know the reason how he has worked out the problem. (10)When you read the book, youd better make a mark in the place whe
27、re you have any questions. (11)When you read the book, youd better make a mark where you have any questions. (12)It was a small village (that/which) we know from my father. (13)It was in this small village that we got to know each other. 歸歸 納納 總總 結(jié)結(jié)規(guī)則規(guī)則1：區(qū)別suchas / soas引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句和such/sothat引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句 如
28、果從句缺少主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)就是定語(yǔ)從句，連接詞用as，如：(2)；如果從句的結(jié)構(gòu)完整，就是結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，連接詞用that，如：(1)。規(guī)則規(guī)則2：區(qū)別非限制性定語(yǔ)從句與并列句 定語(yǔ)從句與主句之間用關(guān)系詞連接，如：(4)；并列句之間用并列連詞，如：(5)。歸歸 納納 總總 結(jié)結(jié)規(guī)則規(guī)則3：定語(yǔ)從句與名詞性從句定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)，如：(6)；而名詞性從句中的連詞that在從句中不作任何成分，如：(7)；疑問(wèn)代詞what及疑問(wèn)副詞how可連接名詞性從句，但不能引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，如：(8)、(9)。歸歸 納納 總總 結(jié)結(jié)規(guī)則規(guī)則4：定語(yǔ)從句與地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句 關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，其前面必須有時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因等先行詞，如：(10)；而疑問(wèn)副詞連接狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，其前面沒(méi)有，如：(11)。規(guī)則規(guī)則5：定語(yǔ)從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句、狀語(yǔ)從句 that在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)，如：(12)；而強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中不作任何成分，但不能省，如：(13)；在結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句中that也只起連接作用，在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分。
湖南省高考英語(yǔ) 考點(diǎn)9 定語(yǔ)從句
