80T六梁橋式鑄造起重機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)的畢業(yè)論文正稿

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1、.80T六梁橋式鑄造起重機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)的畢業(yè)論文摘要六梁鑄造起重機(jī)是橋式起重機(jī)的重要組成部分,是中大型起重設(shè)備,由四根主梁和兩根端梁組成。本設(shè)計(jì)采用偏軌箱型主梁,設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中從強(qiáng)度、剛度、穩(wěn)定性三個(gè)方面來(lái)計(jì)算,對(duì)于A7工作級(jí)別的起重機(jī)來(lái)說(shuō)還要進(jìn)行疲勞強(qiáng)度校核,這就和A6以下工作級(jí)別的起重機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)有了很大的區(qū)別,在設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)靜強(qiáng)度有很大的富余,在計(jì)算局部穩(wěn)定性的時(shí)候還要注意局部輪壓的作用,這時(shí)候需要驗(yàn)算加勁肋的區(qū)格驗(yàn)算,很有可能需要再次驗(yàn)算。設(shè)計(jì)中在滿足剛度、強(qiáng)度、穩(wěn)定性的前提下,探討了該機(jī)型金屬結(jié)構(gòu)受力的空間傳遞分配規(guī)律,推導(dǎo)出內(nèi)力計(jì)算公式。本文針對(duì)空間橋架內(nèi)力的傳遞進(jìn)行探討,在一定假定條件下,得

2、出主、副梁及主、端梁間的傳遞規(guī)律。關(guān)鍵詞：鑄造起重機(jī),應(yīng)力, 疲勞強(qiáng)度, 穩(wěn)定性AbstractCasting six beams overhead cranes are an important component part of the medium and large lifting equipment, by the four main girder beams and two-component, the design based on the partial tracks box girder, the design process from the strength, stiff

3、ness, Stability three aspects, for the working-level A7 crane will run for calibration. This and the followingworking-level A6 crane design with vastly different, in the design when there are large static strength of the surplus in the calculation of regional stability but also to the partial pressu

4、re of the round, This needs time checking STIFFENER checking the grid, is likely to be checked again. The structure of the crane is composed of the primary centrol girder, the assistant centrol girder, the primary dead-end girder and the assistant dead-end girder according to the trait of the crane.

5、 On the advance of the intensity, rigidity and structure supporting the load is studied mainly. At the same time we also include the formulate which is used to calculate the internal force. Some kinds of conditions are assured in order to hold the internal relation between them.Key words: rigidity,

6、intensity, fatigue strength, stability第一章 總體方案設(shè)計(jì)1.1 原始參數(shù)起重量Q 180/50t跨度S 22m工作級(jí)別Ai A8起升高度H 20/22m起升速度V 4.5/11.4 m/min運(yùn)行速度 36/33.7/73.5 m/min輪距 4080/1850/9800 mm軌距 8700/3000/22000 mm輪壓 34500/19640/87600 kg起重機(jī)重量 220t1.2總體結(jié)構(gòu)及設(shè)計(jì)根據(jù)已給參數(shù),此橋式鑄造起重機(jī)噸位、跨度較大,為減少結(jié)構(gòu)的超靜定次數(shù),改善受力,方便運(yùn)輸,選用六梁鉸接式結(jié)構(gòu)。結(jié)構(gòu)框架如圖圖1.3 材料選擇及許用應(yīng)力根據(jù)

7、總體結(jié)構(gòu),鑄造起重機(jī)工作級(jí)別A8為重級(jí),工作環(huán)境溫度較高,設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算時(shí)疲勞強(qiáng)度為其首要約束條件,選用Q235-A,考慮起重量較大,主/副梁均采用偏軌箱型梁。材料的許用應(yīng)力及性能常數(shù)見(jiàn)表1、表2。表1.1 材料許用應(yīng)力板厚正應(yīng)力剪應(yīng)力mm16370152.0167.9184.487.7696.94106.5370158.8175.4192.691.7101.3111.2表1.2 材料性能常數(shù)表彈性模量E剪切彈性模量G密度1.4各部件尺寸及截面性質(zhì)1. 主主梁尺寸初選高度=12941571mm考慮大車(chē)運(yùn)行機(jī)構(gòu)安裝在主梁內(nèi),且主主梁與副主梁的高度差必須滿足一定得要求,故將主主梁取為大截面薄鋼板的形式,

8、以達(dá)到節(jié)省材料、重量輕的要求。因此取腹板高度mm。為了省去走臺(tái),對(duì)寬型偏軌箱型梁,主主梁腹板內(nèi)側(cè)間距取mm=440mm。上下翼緣板厚度mm,上翼緣板長(zhǎng)2530mm,下翼緣板長(zhǎng)2326mm,主腹板厚度 mm,副腹板厚度 mm。上下翼緣板外伸部分長(zhǎng)不相同。有軌道一側(cè)上翼緣板外伸長(zhǎng)度mm,取250mm。其它翼緣外伸部分長(zhǎng)度 mm。mm 取=50mm。軌道側(cè)主腹板受局部壓應(yīng)力,應(yīng)將板加厚,由局部壓應(yīng)力的分布長(zhǎng)度,設(shè)計(jì)離上翼緣板350mm的一段腹板板厚取為18mm。主主梁跨中截面尺寸如圖圖2主主梁跨端截面尺寸高度mm要確定主主梁跨端截面尺寸,只需確定其高度,取=1300mm,跨端下翼緣板厚度為18mm。

9、主主梁跨端截面尺寸如圖3截面性質(zhì) 主主梁跨中 建立如圖示的坐標(biāo)系,計(jì)算形心位置 =1256.851257mm。 =1238.881239mm 計(jì)算彎心位置mm彎心近似地在截面對(duì)稱形心軸上,其至主腹板中線的距離為1021mm。凈截面面積 毛截面面積 計(jì)算慣性矩 對(duì)形心軸的慣性矩對(duì)形心軸的慣性矩 主主梁跨端截面性質(zhì)凈截面面積 毛截面面積 建立圖示的坐標(biāo)系,計(jì)算形心位置計(jì)算慣性矩,對(duì)形心軸的慣性矩對(duì)形心軸的慣性矩二、副主梁尺寸1. 初選梁高 =12941571mm,取腹板高度 ,上下翼緣板厚度 ,腹板厚度：主腹板 ,副腹板厚度 ,副主梁總高 副主梁寬度 ,取腹板內(nèi)側(cè)間距 且 1100,主腹板一側(cè)上翼

10、緣板外伸長(zhǎng)度 ,取外伸長(zhǎng) ,其余懸伸長(zhǎng)大于1.5倍的焊縫厚度,取。其尺寸如下圖圖2. 副主梁跨端截面尺寸的確定 確定其高度 ,取腹板高度為800 副主梁跨端截面尺寸如圖圖3. 截面性質(zhì) 跨中 建立圖示的直角坐標(biāo)系,求形心位置凈截面面積 毛截面面積 計(jì)算彎心位置A 彎心距主腹板板厚中線的距離為 計(jì)算慣性矩 對(duì)形心軸的慣性矩：對(duì)形心軸的慣性矩：副主梁跨端截面性質(zhì) 建立圖示的坐標(biāo)系,求截面形心位置凈截面面積 毛截面面積 對(duì)形心軸的慣性矩：對(duì)形心軸的慣性矩：三、端梁截面尺寸考慮大車(chē)車(chē)輪的安裝及臺(tái)車(chē)的形狀尺寸,端梁內(nèi)寬取為600。初設(shè)截面尺寸如下圖圖形心即對(duì)稱中心 對(duì)形心軸的慣性矩：凈截面面積 毛截面面

11、積 四、各截面尺寸及性質(zhì)匯總表圖尺寸匯總表 1.3 單位：mm主主梁跨中181814122530232622002400跨端181814122530232622001264副主梁跨中16161081270118011001500跨端1616108127011801100800端梁12121010660660600776截面性質(zhì)匯總表1.4凈面積毛面積主主梁跨中123912571512085351034跨端12376751216722837066副主梁跨中629782662001681244跨端62442753600904944端梁33040031360480680第二章 橋架分析2.1 載荷組

12、合的確定一、動(dòng)力效應(yīng)系數(shù)的計(jì)算1起升沖擊系數(shù) 0.9 對(duì)橋式鑄造起重機(jī) 2起升動(dòng)載系數(shù) 主主梁 副主梁 3運(yùn)行沖擊系數(shù) 為大車(chē)運(yùn)行速度 =73.5,為軌道街頭處兩軌面得高度差 ,根據(jù)工作級(jí)別,動(dòng)載荷用載荷組合 進(jìn)行計(jì)算,應(yīng)用運(yùn)行沖擊系數(shù)。2.2 橋架假定 為了簡(jiǎn)化六梁鉸結(jié)橋架的計(jì)算,特作如下假定：1 根據(jù)起重機(jī)的實(shí)際工作情況,以主、副小車(chē)一起工作為最不利載荷工況。2 主主梁、副主梁的端部與端梁在同一水平面內(nèi)。3 由于端梁用鉸接分成5段,故副主梁的垂直載荷對(duì)相互間受力分析互不影響。4 將端梁結(jié)構(gòu)看作多跨靜定梁,主主梁受力作為基本結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)副主梁無(wú)影響；副主梁受力作為附屬部分對(duì)主主梁有影響。5 計(jì)算副

13、主梁水平載荷時(shí),將鉸接點(diǎn)看成剛性連接。 2.3 載荷計(jì)算1主主梁自重 由設(shè)計(jì)給出的主小車(chē)輪壓34500kg,選用車(chē)輪材料ZG35CrMnSi,車(chē)輪直徑,軌道型號(hào)QU120,許用值38700kg。由軌道型號(hào)QU120查得軌道理論重量,主小車(chē)軌道重量 欄桿等重量 主梁的均布載荷 2主小車(chē)布置,兩側(cè)起升機(jī)構(gòu)對(duì)稱布置,重心位于對(duì)稱中心。吊具質(zhì)量 起升載荷 小車(chē)重量 因主小車(chē)噸位較大,采用臺(tái)車(chē)形式八個(gè)車(chē)輪,可求實(shí)際主小車(chē)滿載時(shí)的靜輪壓一根主主梁上空載小車(chē)輪壓 3慣性載荷一根主主梁上小車(chē)慣性力主小車(chē)上主動(dòng)輪占一半,按主動(dòng)車(chē)輪打滑條件確定主小車(chē)的慣性力 大車(chē)起、制動(dòng)產(chǎn)生的慣性力4偏斜運(yùn)行側(cè)向力一根主主梁的重

14、量為 主主梁跨端焊接上兩塊耳板,與副主梁端梁連接,在計(jì)算時(shí),按假想端梁截面進(jìn)行計(jì)算。圖與主主梁連接的端梁部分將超出軌距的一部分所假想而成的端梁截面尺寸其截面尺寸如下形心 對(duì)形心軸 的慣性矩：對(duì)形心軸的慣性矩：端梁凈截面積 端梁毛截面積 一根端梁?jiǎn)挝婚L(zhǎng)度重量一組大車(chē)運(yùn)行機(jī)構(gòu)重量 司機(jī)室及其電氣設(shè)備的重量 主主梁側(cè)假想端梁重 (1) 滿載小車(chē)在主主梁跨中左側(cè)端梁總靜輪壓由下圖計(jì)算由 查圖3-8得,側(cè)向力為 滿載小車(chē)在主主梁左端極限位置左側(cè)端梁總靜輪壓為 此處省略NNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNN字起升質(zhì)量 起升載荷 起升鋼絲繩滑輪組的最大下放長(zhǎng)度為 取,為吊具最小下放距離橋架跨中靜位移為查

15、選用倍率 ,由鋼絲繩靜拉力 選用型鋼絲繩 起升鋼絲繩滑輪組的靜伸長(zhǎng) 結(jié)構(gòu)質(zhì)量影響系數(shù) 橋式起重機(jī)的垂直自振頻率4水平動(dòng)剛度起重機(jī)水平動(dòng)剛度以物品高位懸掛,滿載小車(chē)位于橋架跨中的水平自振頻率來(lái)表征。半橋架中點(diǎn)的換算質(zhì)量為半剛架跨中在單位水平力作用下產(chǎn)生的水平位移為橋式起重機(jī)的水平自振頻率為4.5 橋架拱度橋架跨度中央的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)拱度值考慮制造因素,實(shí)取跨度中央兩邊按拋物曲線 設(shè)置拱度,如下圖距跨中為 的點(diǎn),距跨中為 的點(diǎn),距跨中為 的點(diǎn),第五章 端梁校核5.1 主主梁端部耳板設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算主主梁跨端結(jié)構(gòu)受力,工況：滿載小車(chē)位于主梁跨端,大小車(chē)同時(shí)運(yùn)行起制動(dòng)及橋架偏斜。1垂直載荷主梁最大支承力 因作用點(diǎn)的變動(dòng)

16、引起的附加力矩為按假想端梁計(jì)算自重 計(jì)算簡(jiǎn)圖端梁支座反力如圖,截面1-1 彎矩 剪力 截面2-2 彎矩 剪力 2水平載荷端梁的水平載荷有,亦按簡(jiǎn)支梁計(jì)算,見(jiàn)圖因作用點(diǎn)外移引起的附加水平彎矩為彎矩 截面1-1 剪切力 截面2-2在,水平力作用下,2-2處水平反力3主梁端部耳板設(shè)計(jì)截面性質(zhì)：建立如圖示坐標(biāo)系校核截面2-2處腹板中軸處切應(yīng)力 合格1 截面1-1處銷(xiāo)軸所受剪應(yīng)力在驗(yàn)算端梁完計(jì)算,見(jiàn)后面。5.2 副主梁一側(cè)端梁的校核1.端梁校核載荷計(jì)算：副主梁與端梁看作是多跨靜定梁的附屬部分；主主梁對(duì)附屬部分無(wú)影響。工況：取滿載小車(chē)位于主梁跨端,大小車(chē)同時(shí)起、制動(dòng)及橋架偏斜。 垂直載荷主梁最大支承力 因

17、作用點(diǎn)的變動(dòng)引起的附加力矩為端梁自重 端梁在垂直載荷作用下按簡(jiǎn)支梁計(jì)算端梁支反力 截面1-1 截面2-2 水平載荷端梁的水平載荷有,按簡(jiǎn)支梁計(jì)算。因作用點(diǎn)外移引起的附加水平彎矩為先求支反力：端梁的水平反力 水平剪切力 彎矩 截面1-1剪切力 軸向力 2強(qiáng)度校核只需校核2-2截面截面角點(diǎn)處應(yīng)力腹板邊緣的應(yīng)力翼緣板對(duì)中軸的靜矩為折算應(yīng)力為 3疲勞強(qiáng)度只考慮垂直載荷,工況：滿載小車(chē)位于跨中及跨端截面2-2。滿載小車(chē)在副主梁跨端時(shí),端梁截面2-2的最大彎矩和剪切力為空載小車(chē)位于跨中時(shí),端梁支反力下翼緣板焊縫應(yīng)力根據(jù)A8及Q235,下翼緣板采用雙面貼角焊縫,應(yīng)力集中等級(jí),查得焊縫拉伸疲勞許用應(yīng)力 合格按

18、查得取拉伸疲勞許用應(yīng)力 合格4穩(wěn)定性整體穩(wěn)定性 穩(wěn)定局部穩(wěn)定性 翼緣板 穩(wěn)定腹板 不需設(shè)置橫隔板。5校核銷(xiāo)軸所受的力如圖,耳板與端梁連接處銷(xiāo)軸1、4,所受垂直方向的剪力較大,而2、3受水平方向拉力,其在垂直方向幾乎不受力。只需校核受力較大的1、4銷(xiāo)軸。設(shè)計(jì)銷(xiāo)軸直徑為對(duì)銷(xiāo)軸 合格對(duì)支撐板的擠壓應(yīng)力,設(shè)支撐板厚20mm。支撐板的擠壓力 合格6副主梁與端梁的連接副主梁與端梁采用連接板貼角焊縫連接,主梁兩側(cè)各用一塊連接板與端梁的腹板焊接,連接板厚 ,高度 ,取主梁腹板與端梁腹板之間留有的間隙,在組裝橋架時(shí)用來(lái)調(diào)整跨度。主梁翼緣板伸出梁端套裝在端梁翼緣板外側(cè)。用貼角焊縫,周邊焊住,必要時(shí)在主梁端部?jī)?nèi)側(cè),

19、主、端梁的上下翼緣板處焊上三角板,以增強(qiáng)連接的水平剛度,承受水平剪力。副主梁最大支承力 連接處需要的焊縫長(zhǎng)度為： 合格至此橋架設(shè)計(jì)全部合格,橋架結(jié)構(gòu)施工圖見(jiàn)附圖。致謝經(jīng)過(guò)近三個(gè)月的設(shè)計(jì),我對(duì)橋式鑄造起重機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)步驟、內(nèi)容和方法有了更深入的了解,同時(shí)鞏固了已學(xué)的金屬結(jié)構(gòu)的相關(guān)知識(shí),為以后的工作學(xué)習(xí)打下了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。這次設(shè)計(jì)橋式鑄造起重機(jī)的突出特點(diǎn)是工作級(jí)別高、起重量大。在設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算時(shí)高工作級(jí)別的結(jié)構(gòu)所允許的疲勞強(qiáng)度許用值很低,疲勞強(qiáng)度成為設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算的首要約束條件,因此要重點(diǎn)校核疲勞強(qiáng)度。另一個(gè)收獲就是要學(xué)會(huì)根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)受力的特點(diǎn)應(yīng)用材料,將材料用到該用的地方。而受力小的地方就盡可能少用材料。比如主腹板上

20、側(cè)受局部壓應(yīng)力較大,則局部加厚主腹板上側(cè)部分,使其能夠承擔(dān)更大的應(yīng)力。這種有針對(duì)性的設(shè)計(jì)能最大限度地節(jié)省材料,更加合理。在設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中,得到了學(xué)院有關(guān)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的關(guān)心和支持,尤其是指導(dǎo)老師給了我們很大的幫助,在此對(duì)他們認(rèn)真負(fù)責(zé)的精神和付出的辛苦表示衷心的感謝。由于時(shí)間較緊,而且我也是第一次完成這樣完整的設(shè)計(jì),由于實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)的欠缺,在設(shè)計(jì)中一定有許多考慮不周的地方。需要在今后的學(xué)習(xí)和工作中總結(jié)提高。希望各位老師和同學(xué)批評(píng)指正。參考文獻(xiàn)1 徐克晉主編 金屬結(jié)構(gòu) 北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社 1982.2 徐格寧主編 起重運(yùn)輸機(jī)金屬結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社 1995.3 XX起重機(jī)器廠編 起重機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè) XX：

21、XX人民出版社 1979.4 徐格寧主編 機(jī)械裝備金屬結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì) 普通高等教育十一五國(guó)家級(jí)規(guī)劃教材 2008.95 起重機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)編寫(xiě)組 起重機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè) 北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社 1977.6 倪慶興、王殿臣主編 起重輸送機(jī)械圖冊(cè) 北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社 1992.7 張質(zhì)文、王金諾主編 起重機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè) 北京：中國(guó)鐵道出版社 1997.8 陳道楠、盛XX主編 起重機(jī)課程設(shè)計(jì) 冶金工業(yè)出版社 1982.9 徐格寧、智浩編 XX重型機(jī)械學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào) 1993年第4期第14卷鑄造起重機(jī)橋架空間結(jié)構(gòu)分析與疲勞計(jì)算 1993.10 劉鴻文主編 材料力學(xué) 高等教育出版社 2003.附錄APortal powerChi

22、nas rapid economic growth in the past decade has resulted in a big increase in freight traffic through the countrys seaports . Old ports are being expanded and new ports built to handle the large growth in container and bulk cargo traffic all along the Chinese coastline.Chinas port expansion program

23、me has provided a strong boost to the domestic port equipment industry, which has enjoyed a strong increase in demand for port cranes of various types, including container cranes and portal cranes along with bulk cargo handling equipment.State-run China Harbour Engineering Corporation Ltd, establish

24、ed under the ruling State Council, is Chinas largest supplier of port cranes and bulk cargo handling equipment. The organization controls both Shanghai Zhenhua Port Machinery Co Ltd ,the worlds largest manufacturer of quayside container cranes, and Shanghai Port Machinery Plant , which specializes i

25、n the manufacturer of portal cranes and other cranes used in ports along with dry bulk cargo handling equipment.SPMPs main market is China, although the company is looking to expand its overseas sales. Although less well known than its associate ZPMC, SPMP also operates large manufacturing facilitie

26、s, and is due to move part of its production shortly to Changxing Island near Shanghai where ZPMC already operates a large container crane fabrication plant.Portal and other harbour cranes are SPMPs major production item. During the past two years, the corporation has won contracts for 145 portal cr

27、anes from port authorities throughout China, both from new ports under construction and ports undergoing expansion.In recent years, SPMP has also supplied portal cranes to the United States, Iraq,and Myanmar.The port Rangoon of Myanmar in has purchased a 47m,40t portal crane while BIW of the United

28、States has purchased three cranes-15t,150t, and 300t portal cranes. Elsewhere, SPMP has supplied 12 portal cranes to several ports in Iraq since the end of the Saddam regime. In China, SPMPs recent major orders for portal cranes include eight 40t, 45m radius cranes for Tianjin Overseas Mineral Termi

29、nal, while Yan Tai Port Bureau in Guangdong in southern China has purchased six 40t, 45m radius cranes. Other large orders include seven 10t, 25m radius cranes for Zhenjiang Port Group and an order of 1025t, 33m radius cranes from Fangcheng Port Bureau, while the Yingkou Port Group has ordered 1325t

30、,35m radius cranes along with two 40t, 44m radius port cranes.MANY CRANES BUILT TO ORDERSPMP also supplies other cranes used in ports and harbours, many of which are built to order for clients. Quayside container cranes have been supplied to a number of foreign clients including Bangkok Port in Thai

31、land, Kaohsiung Port in Taiwan, and Port of Vancouver in Canada. In China, SPMP has supplied quayside container cranes to Shanghai Port, Tianjin Port, Yin Kou Port, Yan Tai Port and others. The company also supplies rubber-tyred container gantry cranes to domestic and overseas clients.Customers for

32、other cranes used in ports include Guangzhou Port in Guangdong, which purchased a 25t floating crane while Zhonggang Port has bought two double trolley 125/63t gantry cranes, along with a700t overhead crane, In 2003 Zhonggang Port awarded a contract to SPMP for a 2,600t floating crane, whichi is the

33、 largest crane the company has made in recent years.Other customers include Zhongyuan Nanytong Shipyard of Jiangsu Province has purchased two 300t goliath cranes for use in its shipyard, while Shanghai Waigaoqiao Shipyard uses two of SPMPs 600t goliath cranes for its shipbuilding operations. SPMP ha

34、s two factories. The Shanghai plant employs 2,000 workers while a factory in Jiangsu Province employs 1,500 workers. The combined total of 3,500 workers includes 800 technical and management staff involved in designing, developing, and building portal and other cranes along with dry bulk cargo loadi

35、ng and unloading equipment.Currently, SPMP is preparing to vacate its Shanghai factory site as the companys existing plot of land is part of a riverside area earmarked by the Shanghai Expo in 2010. SPMPs Shanghai factory will close at the end of 2006, and move to a new site on nearby Changxing Islan

36、d.The new factory will be much bigger than the present plant, Li said. Phase 1 will be ready for us when we move at the end of 2006.In addition to moving the Shanghai factory to a new site, SPMP expects future business operation with ZPMC.Officials at China Harbour Engineering Corporation are unders

37、tood to have told SPMP of plants for SPMP and ZPMC to co-operate more in bidding for projects in future. Both companies are expected to retain their individual manufacturing capability, however, with precise details of future co-operation still some way from being finalised.Meanwhile, SPMP associate

38、 company ZPMC is strengthening its position as the worlds largest manufacturer of ship-to-shore container cranes, supplying slightly more than half the annual international container crane market. In addition to operating four crane production complexes for its crane manufacturing and other business

39、es.ZPMCs full range of products includes quayside container cranes, rubber-tyred gantry cranes, bulk material ship loaders and unloaders, bucket-wheel stackers and reclaimers, portal cranes, floating cranes, and engineering vessels. The company has also diversified into manufacturing other large ste

40、el structures including large steel bridges.ZPMC EXPANDING PRODUCTIONZPMCs cranes and other products are in use at over 150 shipping terminals in 37 countries and regions worldwide. By the end of December 2005, ZPMC had supplied 705 quayside container cranes, and had orders in hand to deliver anothe

41、r 128 quayside container cranes in 2006. In addition, at the end of 2005 ZPMC had delivered 1,148 rubber-tyred gantry cranes to customers worldwide and had orders in hand to deliver 308 rubber-tyred gantry cranes to customers in 2006.ZPMC is expanding production facilities in expectation that the vo

42、lume of orders will grow in future. The company owns four crane production complexes in Shanghai and the surrounding area at Jiangyin, Changzhou, Zhangjiang and Changxing Island.The Changxing production site, which was completed in 2001, covers one million sq m, and has a 3.5km coastline. The facili

43、ty is capable of manufacturing 160 quayside ship-to-shore container cranes each year along with 300 rubber-tyred gantry cranes and 200,000 metric tons of large steel bridge structures.Plans call for a futher 3 million sq m of land to be reclaimed at Changxing, which ZPMC will develop to become its l

44、argest production centre.Korea looks inward In a fragmented global port crane industry, Korean manufacturers are being forced to look for more business in their domestic marketsSouth Koreas container crane and port crane equipment manufacturing industry has become more focused on the domestic market

45、 in recent years as manufacturers have faced tough price competition from ZPMC of China in major foreign markets. The problem is the same as that faced by other port crane manufacturers around the world, none of which account for more than about an 8% share of the world container crane market. As we

46、ll as ZPMC, competition from European and Japanese equipment suppliers is also strong, both for quayside container cranes and for rubber-tyred gantry crane contracts. While South Korean firms-including Hyundai Heavy Industries, Samsung Heavy Industries, Doosan Heavy Industries, and Hanjin Heavy Indu

47、stries continue to bid for international contracts, winning large orders has become increasingly rare. Doosan Heavy Industries & Construction Co Ltd is believed to be the only South Korean port crane maker to have won a large container crane contract during the past few years, with most orders booke

48、r by Korean manufacturers being for less than 10 crane units. Doosan recently completed delivery of a 42-unit rubber-tyred gantry crane order to the Port of Singapore Authority PSN that was awarded in 2004. Including a recent contract. Doosan has received orders to supply the Port of Singapore with

49、a total of 120 RTGCs since 1997. The recent batch of RTGCs is designed for increased safety. Esch of the RTGCs is fitted with 16 wheels instead of the usual eight. We have supplied container cranes locally and overseas. Most projects are one or two units, but Singapore has been 120 units, commented

50、a source in Doosan Heavy Industries material handling equipment division. Container cranes can lift one or two containers depending on the client, but the twin spreader design is normal now. Our biggest contract before was with Pusan Port for over 10 container cranes.BUILDING POWER PLANTSDoosan Heav

51、y Industries major activities include the design and construction of power plants. Apart from supplying protection equipment, Doosan also manufactures turbines and generator sets. Doosan has a large castings and forging division. Other major activities include the construction of desalination plants

52、 in the Middle East. Container port handling equipment is produced by Doosans material handling equipment division, which supplies coal handling equipment and bulk cargo handling facilities for other industries. Port of Singapore Authority is the largest customer for RTGCs. Other recent clients incl

53、ude Southern Gateway Terminals in Colombo, Sri Lanka, and Korea Express in the Port of Pusan. Doosan also supplies ship to shore container cranes. Recent quayside gantry crane clients include Jakarta Container Terminal in Indonesia, Jawaharlal Nehru Port near Mumbai in India, and Frazer Terminal in

54、Vancouver. Prospects for our port crane sales are not bright. ZPMC is dominating the world market due to price, the source commented. We are looking for projects not invoving ZPMC as they are not concerned with all projects. We got contracts in Singapore in 2004 and 2005. We had no success anywhere

55、else, but we are still bidding on various tenders. Doosan is expected to be one of the bidders for container cranes to be installed in South Koreas planned Kwangyang Bay Port expansion. The companys R&D division is involved developing new automated controls that will be required for quayside contain

56、er cranes installed in the port expansion. Container cranes are well developed in technical terms. There is nothing else to develop except for automation, the source said. We are developing more automated controls, but the new features are not commercialized yet. Our government has a plan for Kwangy

57、ang Bay 3-2 terminal project, which they announced will be developed as an automated terminal. We have to adapt to this. The tender has been postponed for about six years. We expect the project will be tendered again in 2007 or 2008. South Koreas other container crane manufacturers also are expected

58、 to bid for the Kwangyang Bay project, which is likely to be awarded to a local supplier. Hyundal Samho Heavy Industries will be among the bidders having recently commissioned five automated rail mounted gantry cranes also known as automated transfer cranes at Pusan East Container Terminal . The ter

59、minal has become the first terminal in Korea to install automated cranes, which are in service at new berths four and five . The cranes stack nine-wide between a 28.5m rail gauge, and have dual cantilevers covering two road lanes . Stack height is 1 over 6 by 9ft 6in high and operational speeds are

60、150m/min for the gantry , 120m/min for the trolley and 75-80m/min for the empty hoist . Among other recent orders that Hyundai has won is a contract for four quayside container cranes from Hutchison Port Holdings and one for Uam Port. Competition from ZPMC remains the main challenge in winning overs

61、eas contracts according to Hyundai Heavy Industries sales manager Lee Yong Tae : We are trying to get more projects , but ZPMC has a very low price . We will try to cut our price but we think it will lead to a bad situation in future . if customers think that quality is important then we are ok , but if they just think about price we cannot win the project . We have experience of building cranes to lift one or two containers .We buy the main crane controls system