高三英語(yǔ)暑假一輪復(fù)習(xí) 基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)自測(cè) Unit 4 Astronomythe science of the stars課件 新人教版必修3

《高三英語(yǔ)暑假一輪復(fù)習(xí) 基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)自測(cè) Unit 4 Astronomythe science of the stars課件 新人教版必修3》由會(huì)員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《高三英語(yǔ)暑假一輪復(fù)習(xí) 基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)自測(cè) Unit 4 Astronomythe science of the stars課件 新人教版必修3（115頁(yè)珍藏版）》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

1、THE SOLAR SYSTEM Can you name each planet correctly using the letters given in the table below? A.地球地球 _B. 木星木星 _C.火星火星 _D.水星水星 _E. 海王星海王星 _F. 冥王星冥王星 _G. 土星土星 _H. 天王星天王星 _I. 金星金星 _EarthJupiterMarsMercuryNeptunePlutoSaturnUranusVenusSunVenusMercuryMarsJupiterSaturnEarthPlutoNeptuneUranusSATELLITES 衛(wèi)星

2、衛(wèi)星一、單詞拼寫一、單詞拼寫 根據(jù)讀音、性和詞義寫出下列單詞。根據(jù)讀音、性和詞義寫出下列單詞。1._E5strRnEmE(r) n. 天文學(xué)家天文學(xué)家 2._5AtmEsfiE n.大氣層大氣層3._5vaiElEntadj.猛烈的猛烈的 4._iks5plEudvt.&vi.使爆發(fā)使爆發(fā)5._5sIstEm n. 系統(tǒng)系統(tǒng) 6._5hB:mfJl adj. 有害的有害的7._di5velEpmEntn. 發(fā)展發(fā)展 8._ _ 5lEubEl adj.全球性的全球性的9._di5pend vi.依靠依靠 10._i5zist vi.存在存在exist astronomeratmosphere

3、violentexplodesystemharmful developmentglobaldepend11._5prezns n.出席出席 12._9dIsEpRIntId adj.失望的失望的13._5rAdjJElI adv.逐漸地逐漸地 14._5rAviti n.重力重力15._5lesn vt.減少減少 16._mAs n.質(zhì)量質(zhì)量17._ tFiEvt.&vi.使高興使高興 18._ 5meWEdn.方法方法19._5dVenErEli adv.一般地一般地 20._ i5zC:stvt.耗盡耗盡presencedisappointed gradually gravity less

4、en masscheermethodgenerallyexhaust二、單詞運(yùn)用二、單詞運(yùn)用 根據(jù)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)和意義，在空格處填根據(jù)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)和意義，在空格處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，或者用括號(hào)中所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，或者用括號(hào)中所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空?？?。 1. As a young man he didnt know he was _ world fame later on. (win)2. Most parents dont allow their children _ because it does harm to health. (smoke )3. he sent me a g

5、ift made me happy .4. he sent me made me happy .5. It is a surprise Pluto is no longer considered a planet in our solar system.to win to smoke That What that 6. A great dust cloud formed in the sky out the sunlight. ( block)7. The universe began a “Big Bang” that threw matter in all directions.8. As

6、 for me, you can pass the exam _on whether you will work harder than before .9. Zhang Ming as well as I the members of the foot team .both of us are of playing football.10. The rain prevent us from out for picnic this afternoon.blocking with will depend whetheris playing 三、詞語(yǔ)派生三、詞語(yǔ)派生 用括號(hào)中所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。

7、用括號(hào)中所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. She him with her belief and her competence. (energy)2. With the of the society. We live a better life than before .(develop)3. Smoking is no doubt to your health. (harm)4. we are going to hold a party on Saturday evening. we shall be very glad to have your .(present)5. Though he is

8、 an orphan,he leads a happy . (exist)energized development harmful presentation existence 6. Women and kids are often hurt in family .(violent)7. Although they are twins, they are very _ (like).8. The news _us. When we heard the _news, we felt _. (disappoint)9.Though he failed in the exam, the teach

9、ers words were a great _ to him. (encourage)10. Do you know the _who is talking to Li Mei, who studied in our school. (physics)0 violence unlike disappointed disappointeddisappointing encouragement physicist 四、詞組互譯四、詞組互譯 將下列詞組或短語(yǔ)譯成中文或英語(yǔ)。將下列詞組或短語(yǔ)譯成中文或英語(yǔ)。1. 1. 既然既然_ _ 2. 2. 冷卻冷卻_ _ 3. 3. 依靠依靠_ _ 4. 4.

10、 歡呼歡呼_ _ 5. 5. 滅絕滅絕_ _ 6. 6. 爆發(fā)爆發(fā)_ _ 7. 7. 輪流輪流_ _ 8. 8. 及時(shí)及時(shí)_ _ in time now that cool downdepend oncheer updie outbreak outin ones turn9. as a result of_10. get the hang of_11. prevent from_12. block out _ 13. in all directions_ 14. give birth to_15. sooner or later_16. fall over_摔倒摔倒結(jié)果結(jié)果掌握；熟悉掌握；熟悉

11、阻止；制止阻止；制止擋住擋住各方向各方向產(chǎn)生；分娩產(chǎn)生；分娩遲早遲早五、詞組運(yùn)用五、詞組運(yùn)用詞組填空詞組填空 根據(jù)句子提供的語(yǔ)境，從第四大題中選一根據(jù)句子提供的語(yǔ)境，從第四大題中選一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~組并用其適用的形式填空。個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~組并用其適用的形式填空。1. He got to school _ though it rained heavily.2. He was unable to go to work _ a result _ his fall from the horse.3._ you are a student, you should study hard as the parents

12、and teachers wish.Now that in time. asof翻譯填空翻譯填空 根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)意思，從上述短語(yǔ)中選一個(gè)適當(dāng)根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)意思，從上述短語(yǔ)中選一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)脑~組完成句子。的詞組完成句子。4. 她想存點(diǎn)錢買房，因此不想那么早生小孩她想存點(diǎn)錢買房，因此不想那么早生小孩 。 She wants to save some money for apartment. So she has no plan to to a child so soon. 5. 你能解釋他們?yōu)槭裁闯称饋?lái)了？你知道他們倆原是你能解釋他們?yōu)槭裁闯称饋?lái)了？你知道他們倆原是好朋友呀。好朋友呀。Can you explai

13、n the reason why the quarrel _ between them .You should know they were close friends.6. 如果人類不注意保護(hù)環(huán)境，很多物種就會(huì)滅絕。如果人類不注意保護(hù)環(huán)境，很多物種就會(huì)滅絕。If Man dont pay attention to protect the environment .Most species will _ give birth broke out die out句子翻譯句子翻譯 從上述短語(yǔ)中選擇適當(dāng)?shù)亩陶Z(yǔ)翻譯下列句子。從上述短語(yǔ)中選擇適當(dāng)?shù)亩陶Z(yǔ)翻譯下列句子。7. 那男孩摔到了，摔破了頭。那男孩摔

14、到了，摔破了頭。_8. 掌握學(xué)習(xí)方法對(duì)每個(gè)學(xué)生都重要。掌握學(xué)習(xí)方法對(duì)每個(gè)學(xué)生都重要。_9. 我是否去旅游要視天氣而定。我是否去旅游要視天氣而定。_10. 從各方而來(lái)的人們歡歌起舞。從各方而來(lái)的人們歡歌起舞。_People in all directions got together, sing and dancing.The boy fell over, striking his head.Getting a hang of the way to study is important to every student.Whether I will go to travel will depen

15、d on the weather.LANGUAGE POINTS FOR READING1. The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. 1) violent 猛烈的，激烈的猛烈的，激烈的 2) whether可以引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句、表可以引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句;而而if只能引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。只能引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句既可以用引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句既可以用whether, 也可以用也可以用if,兩者?？梢曰Q。兩者?？梢曰Q。 He

16、 asked me whether / if I could lend him my bike. Could you tell us whether / if it snows in winter in Australia?值得注意的是值得注意的是：whether 和和if都可以和都可以和or not連用連用,但是但是whether之后可以直接跟之后可以直接跟or not,而而if則不能則不能,如：如： I dont care whether or not your car breaks down.I dont know whether or not hes coming.但是不可以說(shuō)：但是不

17、可以說(shuō)：I dont care if or not your car breaks down. whether引導(dǎo)的從句一般不可以為引導(dǎo)的從句一般不可以為否定結(jié)構(gòu)否定結(jié)構(gòu)(選擇問(wèn)句的后一部分除選擇問(wèn)句的后一部分除外外);而而if則可以跟否定結(jié)構(gòu)則可以跟否定結(jié)構(gòu),如如: I dont care if she doesnt come. I dont care if it doesnt rain. 但是但是,在某些動(dòng)詞或形容詞之后在某些動(dòng)詞或形容詞之后,則則可以用可以用whether引導(dǎo)一個(gè)否定結(jié)構(gòu)的引導(dǎo)一個(gè)否定結(jié)構(gòu)的句子句子,這種結(jié)構(gòu)往往表示肯定的含義這種結(jié)構(gòu)往往表示肯定的含義,如：如： I wo

18、nder whether he doesnt think too much of himself. 其意思相當(dāng)于其意思相當(dāng)于:I think he does think too much of himself.在個(gè)別動(dòng)詞之后在個(gè)別動(dòng)詞之后, 如如discuss 等等, 只只跟用跟用whether引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句, 如如: They discussed whether they should close the shop. We discussed whether Mary could join us.whether 可以引導(dǎo)從句作介詞的可以引導(dǎo)從句作介詞的賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ),而而if則不能則

19、不能,如：如： Im not interested in whether theyll go or not.whether可以直接跟動(dòng)詞不定式可以直接跟動(dòng)詞不定式連用連用,而而if則不能則不能, 如如: I didnt know whether to laugh or to cry. She hasnt decided whether to go or not.引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句 (包括從句在句首的包括從句在句首的位置位置) 應(yīng)當(dāng)用應(yīng)當(dāng)用whether, 不用不用if, 如：如： Whether it is true remains a problem. Whether he will

20、come, I am not sure.引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句用引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句用whether,不用不用if, 如如: The question is whether you should accept it. The question is whether he will speak at the meeting. 引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句用引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句用whether,不用不用if,如如: The question whether hell attend the meeting is essential. I am in doubt whether I should agree to the plan. 1.

21、_wellgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.2. I have just discuss _ we should give him enough help.3. They had no idea _ or notthey could achieve their goals.Whetherwhetherwhether2. It exploded loudly with fire and rock, which were in time to produce the water. in time: sooner or later; eventually; I

22、ll see him in time. in time (for sth. /to do sth.): not late She will be back in time to prepare dinner. 與與time相關(guān)的短語(yǔ)相關(guān)的短語(yǔ): in no time 立刻立刻,馬上馬上 at times 有時(shí)有時(shí) at a time 每次每次;依依次次 once upon a time 從前從前 on time 按時(shí)按時(shí);準(zhǔn)準(zhǔn)時(shí)時(shí) at one time 從前從前 for the time being 暫時(shí)暫時(shí) from time to time 不時(shí)地不時(shí)地3. .as the earth

23、cooled down, water began to appear on its surface. 隨著地球的冷卻隨著地球的冷卻, 地地球的表面就開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)了水。球的表面就開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)了水。1) cool down 變涼變涼, 冷卻冷卻2) appear “出現(xiàn)出現(xiàn),似乎似乎”是不及物動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞當(dāng)表示當(dāng)表示 “似乎似乎,好像好像”時(shí)是系動(dòng)詞時(shí)是系動(dòng)詞,該該詞無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。詞無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 Our teacher appeared on TV this morning.I. 含義上的差異含義上的差異 appear 是指根據(jù)事物的外表表象做是指根據(jù)事物的外表表象做出判斷的出判斷的, 但實(shí)質(zhì)上并不一定

24、如此但實(shí)質(zhì)上并不一定如此; seem是表示說(shuō)話人主觀上的判斷是表示說(shuō)話人主觀上的判斷, 暗含有一定的根據(jù)暗含有一定的根據(jù), 往往接近事實(shí)的往往接近事實(shí)的判斷判斷; look是根據(jù)視覺(jué)印象而得出的是根據(jù)視覺(jué)印象而得出的判斷判斷, 實(shí)質(zhì)上也可能如此。實(shí)質(zhì)上也可能如此。She is fifty but she appears young. 她五十歲了她五十歲了,但看起來(lái)很年輕。但看起來(lái)很年輕。(其實(shí)其實(shí)并非如此并非如此) Se seems young. (I think he is rich.) 她看起來(lái)很年輕。她看起來(lái)很年輕。(根據(jù)個(gè)人的主觀判根據(jù)個(gè)人的主觀判斷而推斷出斷而推斷出) She loo

25、ks young. 她很年輕。她很年輕。(從他從他外表可出感覺(jué)出外表可出感覺(jué)出) II. 用法上的差異用法上的差異 a. appear, look, seem 后均可帶名詞、后均可帶名詞、形容語(yǔ)、形容語(yǔ)、to be 結(jié)構(gòu)。結(jié)構(gòu)。 The man who came yesterday appeared / seemed / looked an honest man . 昨天來(lái)的那個(gè)人看來(lái)是一個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的人。昨天來(lái)的那個(gè)人看來(lái)是一個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的人。b. look 可用于進(jìn)行時(shí)可用于進(jìn)行時(shí),而而 seem, appear 一般不能。一般不能。 He is looking very happy. 他現(xiàn)在看起來(lái)很

26、高興。他現(xiàn)在看起來(lái)很高興。 Remember !c. appear 和和 seem 之后可接動(dòng)詞不之后可接動(dòng)詞不定式的一般式、完成式以及其他形定式的一般式、完成式以及其他形式式,而而 look 之后除了能接之后除了能接to be 結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)外外,不接其它動(dòng)詞不定式形式。不接其它動(dòng)詞不定式形式。 She appeared to agree with you. 他好像同意你的意見(jiàn)。他好像同意你的意見(jiàn)。 They dont seem to have read this novel. 他們好像沒(méi)有讀過(guò)這本他們好像沒(méi)有讀過(guò)這本小說(shuō)。小說(shuō)。d. look, seem 能與介詞能與介詞 like 構(gòu)成習(xí)構(gòu)成習(xí)

27、語(yǔ)，意思是語(yǔ)，意思是“看上去象看上去象”, 而而 appear 卻不能。例如卻不能。例如: It seems like years since I last saw you . 自從上次見(jiàn)到你后自從上次見(jiàn)到你后,好像好像很久沒(méi)有見(jiàn)到你了。很久沒(méi)有見(jiàn)到你了。 He looks like a student. 他看起來(lái)象個(gè)學(xué)生。他看起來(lái)象個(gè)學(xué)生。e. seem, look 后均可接后均可接 as if , as though 引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句,從句中既從句中既可用陳述語(yǔ)氣也可用虛擬語(yǔ)氣可用陳述語(yǔ)氣也可用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,而而 appear 則不能。則不能。 It seemed / looked

28、 as if he had been to Beijing. 看起來(lái)他去過(guò)北看起來(lái)他去過(guò)北京。京。f. appear 和和seem 均可接均可接 that 引引導(dǎo)的從句導(dǎo)的從句,而而 look 不能。不能。 It seems / appears that we wont finish this work today. 我們好像今天完不成這項(xiàng)工作。我們好像今天完不成這項(xiàng)工作。 g. appear 和和 seem 可用于可用于there be 結(jié)構(gòu)中結(jié)構(gòu)中,而而 look 不能。如不能。如: There appears to have been an accident . 好像出了一次事故。好像出

29、了一次事故。4. by laying eggs. lay-laid-laid-laying 放放, 把把. 放放在在.; 產(chǎn)卵產(chǎn)卵 He laid his books on the desk.注意注意: lay (laid; laid; laying) 放置放置;產(chǎn)卵產(chǎn)卵 lie (lay; lain; lying) 躺躺;位于位于 lie (lied; lied; lying) 說(shuō)謊說(shuō)謊 The naughty boy _ to me that the hen that _ there just now had_ two eggs the day before.A. laid; laid;

30、laid B. laid; lay; lainC. lied; laid; lain D. lied; lay; laidD5. give birth to 1) 生（孩子）生（孩子） Shes just given birth to a healthy baby girl. 她剛剛生了個(gè)健康的女嬰。她剛剛生了個(gè)健康的女嬰。 2) 產(chǎn)生產(chǎn)生 The extraordinary experience gave birth to his latest novel. 這段奇特的經(jīng)歷促成了他的最新的這段奇特的經(jīng)歷促成了他的最新的一部小說(shuō)的誕生。一部小說(shuō)的誕生。6. They are putting t

31、oo much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space. 他們把太多的二氧化碳釋放到大氣他們把太多的二氧化碳釋放到大氣層中層中,這就是使得熱量不能從地球這就是使得熱量不能從地球上散發(fā)到太空中去。上散發(fā)到太空中去。The rules are intended to prevent accidents. (防止防止)What can we do to prevent this accident (from) happening?prevent st

32、h. / sb. (from) doing sth. 制止制止(防止防止)某人某人(某物某物)做某事做某事I intend to go and nothing you do can prevent me! (阻止阻止)Nothing can prevent this plan from being carried out. 注意注意:與與prevent sb. from doing sth.類似結(jié)構(gòu)的有類似結(jié)構(gòu)的有keep/stop sb. from doing sth.,但但keep sb. from doing sth.中中from不可省略不可省略prevent / stop sb. fr

33、om doing sth.中的中的from可可省省,但如在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中但如在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中,他們中的他們中的from都不可省。都不可省。7. the earth may become too hot to live on. 地球可能會(huì)因此變得太熱而不適地球可能會(huì)因此變得太熱而不適合生物的生存。合生物的生存。 有關(guān)有關(guān)too的一些用法的一些用法1) too作作 “太太” 講。講。 There is too much water.水太多了。水太多了。 This shirt is too large for me. 這襯衫我穿起來(lái)太大。這襯衫我穿起來(lái)太大。 The problem is rather to

34、o hard for me. 這個(gè)問(wèn)題對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)太難了。這個(gè)問(wèn)題對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)太難了。2) 當(dāng)當(dāng)“too adj.(形容詞形容詞)inf.(動(dòng)動(dòng)詞不定式詞不定式)”時(shí)時(shí),有兩種不同的意義有兩種不同的意義,一種為一種為“太太以至以至(不不)”, 在在翻譯時(shí)要加上一個(gè)否定詞翻譯時(shí)要加上一個(gè)否定詞;另一種另一種是是“太太”,語(yǔ)意肯定語(yǔ)意肯定, 但但too后的后的形容詞常用形容詞常用ready, heavy, beautiful等。等。The question is too hard to understand.問(wèn)題太難問(wèn)題太難,理解不了。理解不了。He is too proud to see his own

35、 shortcomings. 他太驕傲了以至于看不到自己的缺點(diǎn)。他太驕傲了以至于看不到自己的缺點(diǎn)。You are too ready to find fault with others.你太愛(ài)挑別人的毛病了。你太愛(ài)挑別人的毛病了。 3) 當(dāng)當(dāng)“only/all/not/buttoo adj. (形容詞形容詞) inf. (動(dòng)詞不定動(dòng)詞不定式式)”時(shí)時(shí), 后面的動(dòng)詞不定式在翻譯后面的動(dòng)詞不定式在翻譯時(shí)不必加否定詞。時(shí)不必加否定詞。only等與等與too連連用等于用等于very (非常非常)。I shall be only too pleased to hear from you further.

36、 我非常歡迎你再來(lái)信。我非常歡迎你再來(lái)信。They are but too glad to do so. 他們非常喜歡這么做。他們非常喜歡這么做。 We are only too pleased to work together with the workers. 我們和工人們一起勞動(dòng)我們和工人們一起勞動(dòng), 非常高興。非常高興。4) 在在“cannotcan never.too”結(jié)構(gòu)中，應(yīng)理解為結(jié)構(gòu)中，應(yīng)理解為“無(wú)論怎無(wú)論怎樣樣也不會(huì)過(guò)分也不會(huì)過(guò)分”。 You cannot praise him too highly. 你無(wú)論怎樣表?yè)P(yáng)他也不你無(wú)論怎樣表?yè)P(yáng)他也不過(guò)分。過(guò)分。 We cannot

37、be too careful in doing experiments. 我們做實(shí)驗(yàn)無(wú)論怎樣小心也不過(guò)分。我們做實(shí)驗(yàn)無(wú)論怎樣小心也不過(guò)分。You can never be too careful of your health. 你越注意健康越好。你越注意健康越好。5) 當(dāng)當(dāng)too用于數(shù)量增減時(shí)用于數(shù)量增減時(shí),表示表示“過(guò)過(guò) (多、少、長(zhǎng)等多、少、長(zhǎng)等)”的意思。的意思。 It is too long by half. 它長(zhǎng)了一半。它長(zhǎng)了一半。 He has given me six too many (few).他多他多(少少) 給了我六個(gè)。給了我六個(gè)。 This rod is 3 inche

38、s too long. 這桿長(zhǎng)了這桿長(zhǎng)了3英寸。英寸。- Are you going to the football game?- No. The tickets are _ expensive for me. A. very much B. far too C. highly D. so much解析解析: too+形容詞形容詞+for sb. 表示表示“太太”, far 可置于可置于too前表示前表示程度。程度。B8. whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on w

39、hether this problem can be solved. 在未來(lái)的千百萬(wàn)年中在未來(lái)的千百萬(wàn)年中,生命能否在生命能否在地球一延續(xù)將取決于這個(gè)問(wèn)題能否地球一延續(xù)將取決于這個(gè)問(wèn)題能否得到解決。得到解決。 depend vi. 相信相信,信賴信賴;依靠依靠,依賴依賴 (尤指錢尤指錢); 視視而定而定 You can depend on John he is always on time. 你可以相信約翰你可以相信約翰,他總是很準(zhǔn)時(shí)。他總是很準(zhǔn)時(shí)。相關(guān)短語(yǔ)：相關(guān)短語(yǔ)：believe sb. 相信某人（所說(shuō)的話）相信某人（所說(shuō)的話）believe in sb. 信任信任/信賴某人信賴某人tru

40、st (in) sb. 相信相信/信任信任/信賴某人信賴某人depend oncount on sb. rely on 信任信任/相信相信/依賴依賴/依靠某人依靠某人Tell him what you want to say; hes a man to _. A. count B. believe C. trust D. depend 解析解析:相信相信/信賴某人信賴某人:count on sb./believe in sb./depend on sb./trust (in) sb.C PRACTICE I. 用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。 Where do we com

41、e from? How did the universe_? When we _ the stars through the telescope, we _ why the universe _ . After the “Big Bang”, the earth _ just a cloud of energetic dust. beginwatchwonderexistswasSomehow it _ loudly with fire and Rock, which _ the earths atmosphere. As the earth _ down, water _ to appear

42、 on its surface, which was important for the beginning of life. Then living things _ on the earth.madecooledbeganmultipliedexplodedLanguage points for Reading II enough的用法的用法: 1）用作代詞：作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。）用作代詞：作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。 You have done more than enough. 你已做得夠多了。你已做得夠多了。 I have had enough. Thank you. 我吃的已經(jīng)夠多的了，謝謝。我吃的已

43、經(jīng)夠多的了，謝謝。 2）形容詞作定語(yǔ)：）形容詞作定語(yǔ)：enough用在名詞前、用在名詞前、后都可以。后都可以。 I have enough time to do the work. / I have time enough to do the work. 我有足夠的時(shí)間做此項(xiàng)工作。我有足夠的時(shí)間做此項(xiàng)工作。 3）用作副詞修飾形容詞或副詞表示程）用作副詞修飾形容詞或副詞表示程度度: enough一般放在形容詞或副詞的后一般放在形容詞或副詞的后邊。邊。 long enough, easy enough, fast enough, quickly enough等。等。 但一般不說(shuō)：但一般不說(shuō)：eno

44、ugh long, enough easy, enough fast, enough quickly. The boy is old enough to go to school. 這孩子到上學(xué)的年齡了。這孩子到上學(xué)的年齡了。 He couldnt run quickly enough to catch up with the cat. 他跑的速度太慢，追不上貓。他跑的速度太慢，追不上貓。 4）用作副詞修飾動(dòng)詞時(shí)也需放在動(dòng)詞之）用作副詞修飾動(dòng)詞時(shí)也需放在動(dòng)詞之后。后。 The meat is not cooked enough. 肉燉得不夠熟。肉燉得不夠熟。 If I had _ (足夠長(zhǎng)的假

45、期足夠長(zhǎng)的假期), Id visit Europe, stopping at all the small interesting places. ( a long enough holiday / an enough long holiday) 2. Then we were off. 隨后我們就啟程了。隨后我們就啟程了。 be off = set off 出發(fā)；動(dòng)身出發(fā)；動(dòng)身 I am off today. 我今天不用上班。我今天不用上班。 We are off today. 今天我們不上班今天我們不上班/今天我們不開(kāi)張。今天我們不開(kāi)張。 與與off相關(guān)的短語(yǔ)相關(guān)的短語(yǔ): set.off 送

46、行送行 kick off 踢球踢球 jump off 跳下跳下 give off 散發(fā)散發(fā) show off 炫耀炫耀shut off 關(guān)閉關(guān)閉get off 下車下車take off 脫下脫下turn off 關(guān)閉關(guān)閉pay off 付清；還清付清；還清 3. When we get closer to the moon, we shall feel its gravity pulling us but it will not be as strong a pull as the earths. 當(dāng)我們更接近月當(dāng)我們更接近月球時(shí)，就會(huì)感到月球的引力在拉我們。但球時(shí)，就會(huì)感到月球的引力在拉我們

47、。但是，月球的引力不像地球的引力那么大。是，月球的引力不像地球的引力那么大。 get close to 靠近，接近，指動(dòng)態(tài)變化靠近，接近，指動(dòng)態(tài)變化 be close to 距距.近，指狀態(tài)近，指狀態(tài) The school is close to the post office.與與get相關(guān)的短語(yǔ)相關(guān)的短語(yǔ):get along 相處融洽，進(jìn)展等相處融洽，進(jìn)展等get down to 開(kāi)始認(rèn)真對(duì)待，開(kāi)始認(rèn)真考慮開(kāi)始認(rèn)真對(duì)待，開(kāi)始認(rèn)真考慮get on 上車上車get through到達(dá)；通過(guò)；辦完，花光到達(dá)；通過(guò)；辦完，花光(錢、時(shí)間等錢、時(shí)間等)。get to 到達(dá)到達(dá) get down to

48、; get on; get through; get to; get over; get up 1. Dont talk too much. Lets _working.2. Hurry up, or well be late to _ the bus.3. Its easy to _ the difficulty.4. I have _ a lot of papers.5. She managed to _ the village.get down toget onget overgot throughget to1). “A + be + 倍數(shù)倍數(shù) + as +形容詞原級(jí)形容詞原級(jí) + a

49、s + B”. This tree is three times as tall as that one. His father is twice as old as he.2). “A + be + 倍數(shù)倍數(shù) +形容詞比較級(jí)形容詞比較級(jí) + than + B ” 4. But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over. The Yangtze River is almost twice longer than the Pearl River. 長(zhǎng)

50、江差不多比珠江長(zhǎng)兩倍。長(zhǎng)江差不多比珠江長(zhǎng)兩倍。 The number of students in our school is three times larger than that in theirs. 我們學(xué)校的學(xué)生數(shù)量比他們學(xué)校我們學(xué)校的學(xué)生數(shù)量比他們學(xué)校的多三倍。的多三倍。 3). “A + be + 倍數(shù)倍數(shù) + the +名詞名詞 (size, length, amount) + of + B” The newly broadened square is four times the size of the previous one. 新擴(kuò)建的廣場(chǎng)是未擴(kuò)建時(shí)的四倍大。新擴(kuò)建的廣場(chǎng)

51、是未擴(kuò)建時(shí)的四倍大。 Do you regret _(pay) 100 dollars for the painting? No, I would gladly have paid _ (兩倍那么多了兩倍那么多了)for it.( paying; twice as much) 講解講解:regret后跟動(dòng)名詞的一般式、完成式和不后跟動(dòng)名詞的一般式、完成式和不定式的完成式都表示對(duì)過(guò)去做過(guò)的事情感到后悔，跟不定式的完成式都表示對(duì)過(guò)去做過(guò)的事情感到后悔，跟不定式一般式表示對(duì)即將做的事情感到遺憾，常用來(lái)表達(dá)定式一般式表示對(duì)即將做的事情感到遺憾，常用來(lái)表達(dá)委婉。委婉。twice as much為倍數(shù)的表

52、達(dá)法，在這里為為倍數(shù)的表達(dá)法，在這里為省略形式，相當(dāng)于省略形式，相當(dāng)于twice as much as that。 5. . “walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.” .既然引力改變了，走路也的確需要練一練了。既然引力改變了，走路也的確需要練一練了。 now that同同since相似，語(yǔ)氣較弱，強(qiáng)相似，語(yǔ)氣較弱，強(qiáng)調(diào)人們已知的事實(shí)。調(diào)人們已知的事實(shí)。Translation:1. 既然你忙既然你忙, 就讓我給你做吧。就讓我給你做吧。Now that you are busy, let me do it

53、 for you.2. 既然人都齊了既然人都齊了, 咱們開(kāi)始干吧。咱們開(kāi)始干吧。Now that everyone is here lets start work 6. We watched, amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earths gravity increased. break out 它與它與happen, take place, come out等詞等詞的用法一樣，是不及物動(dòng)詞，不能帶賓語(yǔ)，不能用于被的用法一樣，是不及物動(dòng)詞，不能帶賓語(yǔ)，不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 1) 戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆發(fā)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆

54、發(fā)The American Civil War broke out in 1861. 美國(guó)內(nèi)戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)于美國(guó)內(nèi)戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)于1861年。年。 2) 發(fā)生爭(zhēng)吵發(fā)生爭(zhēng)吵A quarrel broke out between them. 他們之間發(fā)生了爭(zhēng)吵。他們之間發(fā)生了爭(zhēng)吵。3) (火災(zāi)火災(zāi))發(fā)生發(fā)生 A fire broke out in his house last night. 昨晚他家里失火了。昨晚他家里失火了。與與break相關(guān)的短語(yǔ)相關(guān)的短語(yǔ): break down 打破打破; 毀掉毀掉; 破除破除; 坍塌坍塌; 壞掉壞掉 break in 破門而入破門而入; 打斷打斷break away fr

55、om 脫離政黨脫離政黨; 打破陳規(guī)打破陳規(guī) break through 突圍突圍; 突破突破; 沖垮沖垮; 克服克服break up 打碎打碎; 拆散拆散; 分裂分裂; 分解分解break ones word/promise食言食言; 說(shuō)話不算數(shù)說(shuō)話不算數(shù)7. exhausting (sth); exhausted (sb)GRAMMARREVISION Translate the following sentences.1. 你遲早會(huì)成功的。你遲早會(huì)成功的。 Youll succeed in time.2. 我的車與你的不一樣。我的車與你的不一樣。 My car is different f

56、rom yours.3. 站在門旁邊的那個(gè)人是誰(shuí)？站在門旁邊的那個(gè)人是誰(shuí)？ Who is the person standing by the door? 4. 他總是第一個(gè)來(lái)，最后一個(gè)離開(kāi)。他總是第一個(gè)來(lái)，最后一個(gè)離開(kāi)。 Hes always the first to come and the last to leave. 5. 既然你已經(jīng)長(zhǎng)大了，你自己決定吧。既然你已經(jīng)長(zhǎng)大了，你自己決定吧。 Now that you have grown up you can decide it yourself.GRAMMAR What part does the underlined part ser

57、ve as in each sentence? A tree has fallen across the road. You are a student. To find your way can be a problem. Smoking is bad for you. “How do you do?” is a greeting. What she said is not yet known. That we shall be late is certain. It is certain that we shall be late. We can see from these senten

58、ces that a sentence serves as subject, so we call it Subject Clause. 主語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句（NOUN CLAUSES AS THE SUBJECT） 定義：定義： 用作主語(yǔ)的從句叫主語(yǔ)從句，它是名詞性從句之一。用作主語(yǔ)的從句叫主語(yǔ)從句，它是名詞性從句之一。引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的連接詞有：連詞引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的連接詞有：連詞that, whether；連接代詞連接代詞who, what和和which；連接副詞連接副詞when, where, how和和why。用法：用法： 1) 由由what等代詞引起的主語(yǔ)從句：等代詞引起的主語(yǔ)從句： What

59、 the teacher said today was quite right. 老師今天說(shuō)的話是十分正確的。老師今天說(shuō)的話是十分正確的。 2) 由連詞由連詞that引起的主語(yǔ)從句：引起的主語(yǔ)從句： That they are badly in need of help is quite clear. 他們急需幫助，這是十分明顯的。他們急需幫助，這是十分明顯的。 但是這類句子在大多數(shù)情況下會(huì)放到整個(gè)句子的后部但是這類句子在大多數(shù)情況下會(huì)放到整個(gè)句子的后部去，而用代詞去，而用代詞it作形式主語(yǔ)。作形式主語(yǔ)。 3) 由連接代詞或連接副詞以及由連接代詞或連接副詞以及whether引起的主引起的主語(yǔ)從

60、句。語(yǔ)從句。 Whether they will sell the house is not yet decided. 他們是否賣掉這所房子還沒(méi)有決定。他們是否賣掉這所房子還沒(méi)有決定。 4) whatever, whoever也可引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。也可引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。 Whatever was said here must be kept secret. 這里說(shuō)的話都應(yīng)當(dāng)保密。這里說(shuō)的話都應(yīng)當(dāng)保密。 Whoever makes mistakes must correct them. 凡犯了錯(cuò)誤的人都必須改正。凡犯了錯(cuò)誤的人都必須改正。 注意注意: 上述例句中的主語(yǔ)從句都是放在句首上述例句中的主語(yǔ)從句

61、都是放在句首, 但有時(shí)但有時(shí)為了使句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡為了使句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡, 避免避免 “頭重腳輕頭重腳輕”, 常用常用 it 作作形式主語(yǔ)形式主語(yǔ), 而把從句放在后面。而把從句放在后面。 例如例如: It is a pity that she has made such a mistake. 她犯了這樣一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤她犯了這樣一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤, 真是遺憾。真是遺憾。這樣就構(gòu)成了下面一些常用句型這樣就構(gòu)成了下面一些常用句型: 1) It is + adj. / n. +從句從句 It is a pity/shame that. 遺憾的是遺憾的是 It is possible that. 很可能很可能 It is un

62、likely that. 不可能不可能 2) It +不及物動(dòng)詞不及物動(dòng)詞+從句從句 It seems/appears that. 似乎似乎 It happened that. 碰巧碰巧 3) It + be +過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞+從句從句 It is said that. 據(jù)說(shuō)據(jù)說(shuō) It is known to all that. 眾所周知眾所周知 It is reported that. 據(jù)報(bào)道據(jù)報(bào)道 It is believed that. 據(jù)信據(jù)信;人們相信人們相信 It is suggested that. 有人建議有人建議 It must be pointed out that. 必

63、須指出必須指出 It has been proved that. 已證明已證明. 如如: It is believed that at least a score of buildings were damaged or destroyed. 據(jù)信據(jù)信, 至少有二十座樓房遭到破壞或徹底毀掉。至少有二十座樓房遭到破壞或徹底毀掉。 5) . 用于用于It is important / natural / necessary / impossible that.句型中句型中, 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣從句應(yīng)使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“should + 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞原形原形”的形式的形式, s

64、hould有時(shí)有感情色彩。有時(shí)有感情色彩。 1. _ you dont like him is none of my business. 2. _ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.3. _ the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet.4. _ well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.5. _ leaves the room last ought to turn off the ligh

65、ts. ThatWhatWhetherWhetherWhoever填空。填空。 6. _ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.7.It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey. 8. The Foreign Minister said, “_ is our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.”9. After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling th

66、e earth, _ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space. ItthatItwhat1. After Yang Liwei succeeded in circling the earth, _ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space. A. where B. what C. that D. how解析解析: what 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句,在從句中在從句中做做do 的賓語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)高考鏈接高考鏈接2. The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at _ I thought was a dangerous speed. A. as B. which C. what D. that解析解析: I thought 是插入語(yǔ)是插入語(yǔ),可以把它去掉可以把它去掉不考慮不考慮. what 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句,在從在從句中作主語(yǔ)句中作主語(yǔ).賓語(yǔ)從句作賓語(yǔ)從句作at的賓語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ).3. _ in the regulations