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1、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)練習(xí)題一、單項(xiàng)選擇1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _what happened to him . knew . have known . must know .will know2、He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ?. already .never .ever . still3、Have you met Mr. Li _？. just . ago .before . a moment ago4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two yea
2、r. is writing .was writing .wrote .has written5、-Our country _ a lot so far .-Yes . I hope it will be even _ . has changed ; well . changed ; good. has changed ; better . changed ; better6、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . was ; studying . will ; study . has ; studied . are ; studyin
3、g7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . know . had known . have known . knew 8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . will see . have seen . saw .see二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換1、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)This factory _ _ _ for twenty years.2、Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)Miss Gao _ _
4、 _ _ an hour ago.3、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同義句）Her mother _ the Party three years _ .4、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)The Green family has moved to France _ two years _.5、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (把兩句子合并成一個(gè)句子) _. 三、漢譯英
5、1、 她還沒(méi)有看過(guò)那部新電影。_. 2、 她去過(guò)上海好多次了。 _. 3、 他這些天上哪兒去了？ _. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)講解 ： 1構(gòu)成方式 構(gòu)成： 主語(yǔ)（第一、二人稱單復(fù)數(shù)）have 主語(yǔ)（第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)）have 主語(yǔ)（第三人稱單數(shù)）has 過(guò)去分詞 2基本用法 1) 表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已完成的某個(gè)動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是這個(gè)影響或結(jié)果，常同already, just, yet等狀語(yǔ)連用 例：I have just turned off the light. 我剛剛把燈關(guān)上。（結(jié)果是燈已經(jīng)關(guān)上了） She has lost her bike.她把自行車丟了。（影響是他現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有自行車騎了）
6、The rain has stopped now.雨已經(jīng)停了。（結(jié)果是我們可以出門了） I have already read the book.我已讀過(guò)這本書了。（結(jié)果是已知道這本書的內(nèi)容） She has had a good education.她受到過(guò)良好的教育。（影響是她文化水平高，有修養(yǎng)） 2) 表示開始于過(guò)去、持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，并可能繼續(xù)下去（也可能不繼續(xù)下去），常同包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如：today, now, this week, this morning, these days, this afternoon, recently, so far等；也同“for
7、+時(shí)間段”或 “since時(shí)間點(diǎn)”的狀語(yǔ)連用 例：We have had much snow this winter. 今年冬天多雪。 She has taught in the school for ten years.她在這所學(xué)校教書已經(jīng)10年了。 I havent eaten anything since breakfast.我從早飯起就一直沒(méi)有吃東西。 We have been busy this morning.今天上午我們一直很忙。 I have known her since we were children.我從小就認(rèn)識(shí)她。 I havent seen John today.我
8、今天沒(méi)有見(jiàn)到約翰。 It has rained a lot these days.這些天多雨。 3) 表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間到說(shuō)話時(shí)這段時(shí)間中反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或多次動(dòng)作的總和，常同頻度副詞always, often, seldom, never等連用 例：He has done a lot of work in the past two years. 在過(guò)去兩年中他做了許多工作。 I have learned about two hundred English words this morning.本月我學(xué)了大約200個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞。 I have been to the Great Wall twic
9、e.我曾經(jīng)去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城兩次 It has rained every day this week.這個(gè)星期天天下雨。 She has always walked to school.她一直步行去學(xué)校。 I have never seen such a beautiful bird.我從沒(méi)見(jiàn)過(guò)這么美麗的鳥。 I have often met the old man on my way to work.我在上班的路上常常遇見(jiàn)那位老人。 4) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別 1現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響和結(jié)果，而一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有聯(lián)系，只是說(shuō)明某個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間是在過(guò)去。 比：I have
10、washed the car. 我洗過(guò)了車。（看上去很漂亮） I washed the car a moment ago.我剛才洗過(guò)車了。 She has watered the flowers.她已經(jīng)澆了花。（不需要再澆了） She watered the flowers yesterday.她昨天澆的花。 3 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)講解 Clark became a driver two years ago.克拉克兩年前當(dāng)了駕駛員。 The meeting has been on for five minutes.會(huì)議已經(jīng)開始5分鐘了。 The meeting began five minutes a
11、go.會(huì)議5分鐘前開始的。 Daisy has been up for ten minutes. 戴西起床已經(jīng)10分鐘了。 Daisy got up ten minutes ago.戴西10分鐘前起的床。 如果非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定式，則可同一段時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，并可同“for一段時(shí)間”或“since一時(shí)間點(diǎn)”和“since句子”連用。 例：She hasnt left home for a year. 她離開家還不到一年。 I havent seen Jamie for two months.我兩個(gè)月沒(méi)見(jiàn)杰米了。 The old man hasnt returned to his ho
12、metown for about fifty years.這位老人約有50年沒(méi)有回家鄉(xiāng)了。 I havent met her since I left school.我畢業(yè)以來(lái)沒(méi)有見(jiàn)到她。 We havent heard from Kent since 2001.自2001年以來(lái)我們都沒(méi)有收到肯特的信。 非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的否定式與till(/until)結(jié)構(gòu)從句連用，表示“直到才”，指某個(gè)不發(fā)生的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)才結(jié)束。 延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的肯定式與till(/until)結(jié)構(gòu)連用，表示該動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)才結(jié)束 比：I didnt finish the experiment until m
13、idnight. 我直到半夜才做完實(shí)驗(yàn)。 I watched TV until midnight.我看電視一直到半夜。 The flower show didnt begin till the foreign friends arrived.花展直到外國(guó)朋友們到才開始。 He worked in the office till the foreign friends arrived.他在辦公室一直工作到外國(guó)朋友到達(dá)。 They didnt set out until the moon rose.他們直到月亮升起了才動(dòng)身。 They waited until the moon rose.他們一直
14、等到月亮升起。 7) It has been(/is) 一段時(shí)間since從句 這種句型表示“自從”，since從句通常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 例：It has been ten years since he came to the city. 他來(lái)這座城市已經(jīng)10年了。 It is about 5 days since she fell ill. 她生病大約5天了。 It is three months since Louis lost his car.路易斯丟車已有3個(gè)月了。 8) have (has) got的用法 have(has) got形式上是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，實(shí)際上意思與have (has)相
15、同。have(has)got 是英國(guó)英語(yǔ)，have (has)是美國(guó)英語(yǔ)。 例：I have got (have) a bad cold. 我得了重感冒。 Have you got a rubber?你有橡皮嗎？ =Do you have a rubber? I have written the letter but I havent posted it yet. 信我已經(jīng)寫好了，但還沒(méi)有寄出。 I wrote the letter last week and I posted it three days ago.我上周寫的那封信，3天前寄出的。 4現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并可能延
16、續(xù)下去，而一般過(guò)去時(shí)則單純表示過(guò)去某段時(shí)間內(nèi)的經(jīng)歷。 比：It has rained for five hours. 雨已經(jīng)下了5個(gè)小時(shí)了。 It rained for live hours yesterday.昨天下了5個(gè)小時(shí)的雨。 He has waited for her for two hours. 他等她已經(jīng)兩個(gè)小時(shí)了。 He waited for her two hours and then went home.他等她等了兩個(gè)小時(shí)，然后就回家了。 I have reviewed two lessons this morning.今天上午我已經(jīng)復(fù)習(xí)了兩課。（說(shuō)話時(shí)還在上午） I re
17、viewed two lessons this morning.今天上午我復(fù)習(xí)了兩課。（說(shuō)話時(shí)已是下午或晚上） 5 用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句型1）It is the first / second time. that結(jié)構(gòu)中的從句部分，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 It is the first time that I have visited the city. It was the third time that the boy had been late.2）This is the that結(jié)構(gòu)，that 從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí). This is the best film that Ive (ever) see
18、n. 這是我看過(guò)的最好的電影。 This is the first time (that) Ive heard him sing.這是我第一次聽他唱歌。典型例題(1) -Do you know our town at all? -No, this is the first time I _ here. A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming 答案B. This is the first time 后面所加從句應(yīng)為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故選B。(2) -Have you _ been to our town before? -No, its the first t
19、ime I _ here. A. even, come B. even, have comeC. ever, come D. ever, have come答案D. ever意為曾經(jīng)或無(wú)論何時(shí)，反意詞為never，此兩詞常用于完成時(shí)。 This is the largest fish I have ever seen. It is / was the first time +that-clause 的句型中，從句要用完成時(shí)。 6 比較過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 1）過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過(guò)去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為過(guò)去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。 2）過(guò)去時(shí)
20、常與具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，或無(wú)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ): yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)共同的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ): this morning, tonight, this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet,till / until, up to now, in past years, always,不
21、確定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) 3）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，動(dòng)詞一般是延續(xù)性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know. 過(guò)去時(shí)常用的非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。舉例： I saw this film yesterday.（強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作發(fā)生過(guò)了。） I have seen this film.（強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。） Why did you get up so early?（強(qiáng)調(diào)起床的動(dòng)作已發(fā)生過(guò)了。） Who hasnt handed
22、 in his paper?（強(qiáng)調(diào)有卷子，可能為不公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。） She has returned from Paris. 她已從巴黎回來(lái)了。 She returned yesterday. 她是昨天回來(lái)了。 He has been in the League for three years.(在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù)) He has been a League member for three years.(是團(tuán)員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù)) He joined the League three years ago.( 三年前入團(tuán)，joined為短暫行為。) I have finished my homework now. -Will somebody go and get Dr. White? -Hes already been sent for. 句子中如有過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間副詞（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）時(shí)，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，要用過(guò)去時(shí)。 （錯(cuò)）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （對(duì)）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)練習(xí)題 (2)
