現(xiàn)在完成時練習(xí)題 (2)

現(xiàn)在完成時練習(xí)題一、單項(xiàng)選擇1、Both his parents look sad . Maybe they _what happened to him . knew . have known . must know .will know2、He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ?. already .never .ever . still3、Have you met Mr. Li _？. just . ago .before . a moment ago4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year. is writing .was writing .wrote .has written5、-Our country _ a lot so far .-Yes . I hope it will be even _ . has changed ; well . changed ; good. has changed ; better . changed ; better6、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . was ; studying . will ; study . has ; studied . are ; studying7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . know . had known . have known . knew 8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . will see . have seen . saw .see二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換1、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)This factory _ _ _ for twenty years.2、Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)Miss Gao _ _ _ _ an hour ago.3、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同義句）Her mother _ the Party three years _ .4、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)The Green family has moved to France _ two years _.5、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (把兩句子合并成一個句子) _. 三、漢譯英1、 她還沒有看過那部新電影。_. 2、 她去過上海好多次了。 _. 3、 他這些天上哪兒去了？ _. 現(xiàn)在完成時講解 ： 1構(gòu)成方式 構(gòu)成： 主語（第一、二人稱單復(fù)數(shù)）have 主語（第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)）have 主語（第三人稱單數(shù)）has 過去分詞 2基本用法 1) 表示過去發(fā)生或已完成的某個動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是這個影響或結(jié)果，常同already, just, yet等狀語連用 例：I have just turned off the light. 我剛剛把燈關(guān)上。（結(jié)果是燈已經(jīng)關(guān)上了） She has lost her bike.她把自行車丟了。（影響是他現(xiàn)在沒有自行車騎了） The rain has stopped now.雨已經(jīng)停了。（結(jié)果是我們可以出門了） I have already read the book.我已讀過這本書了。（結(jié)果是已知道這本書的內(nèi)容） She has had a good education.她受到過良好的教育。（影響是她文化水平高，有修養(yǎng)） 2) 表示開始于過去、持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，并可能繼續(xù)下去（也可能不繼續(xù)下去），常同包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的時間狀語連用，如：today, now, this week, this morning, these days, this afternoon, recently, so far等；也同“for+時間段”或 “since時間點(diǎn)”的狀語連用 例：We have had much snow this winter. 今年冬天多雪。 She has taught in the school for ten years.她在這所學(xué)校教書已經(jīng)10年了。 I haven't eaten anything since breakfast.我從早飯起就一直沒有吃東西。 We have been busy this morning.今天上午我們一直很忙。 I have known her since we were children.我從小就認(rèn)識她。 I haven't seen John today.我今天沒有見到約翰。 It has rained a lot these days.這些天多雨。 3) 表示從過去某一時間到說話時這段時間中反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或多次動作的總和，常同頻度副詞always, often, seldom, never等連用 例：He has done a lot of work in the past two years. 在過去兩年中他做了許多工作。 I have learned about two hundred English words this morning.本月我學(xué)了大約200個英語單詞。 I have been to the Great Wall twice.我曾經(jīng)去過長城兩次 It has rained every day this week.這個星期天天下雨。 She has always walked to school.她一直步行去學(xué)校。 I have never seen such a beautiful bird.我從沒見過這么美麗的鳥。 I have often met the old man on my way to work.我在上班的路上常常遇見那位老人。 4) 現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別 1現(xiàn)在完成時強(qiáng)調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在的影響和結(jié)果，而一般過去時與現(xiàn)在沒有聯(lián)系，只是說明某個動作發(fā)生的時間是在過去。 比：I have washed the car. 我洗過了車。（看上去很漂亮） I washed the car a moment ago.我剛才洗過車了。 She has watered the flowers.她已經(jīng)澆了花。（不需要再澆了） She watered the flowers yesterday.她昨天澆的花。 3 現(xiàn)在完成時講解 Clark became a driver two years ago.克拉克兩年前當(dāng)了駕駛員。 The meeting has been on for five minutes.會議已經(jīng)開始5分鐘了。 The meeting began five minutes ago.會議5分鐘前開始的。 Daisy has been up for ten minutes. 戴西起床已經(jīng)10分鐘了。 Daisy got up ten minutes ago.戴西10分鐘前起的床。 如果非延續(xù)性動詞用于現(xiàn)在完成時的否定式，則可同一段時間狀語連用，并可同“for一段時間”或“since一時間點(diǎn)”和“since句子”連用。 例：She hasn't left home for a year. 她離開家還不到一年。 I haven't seen Jamie for two months.我兩個月沒見杰米了。 The old man hasn't returned to his hometown for about fifty years.這位老人約有50年沒有回家鄉(xiāng)了。 I haven't met her since I left school.我畢業(yè)以來沒有見到她。 We haven't heard from Kent since 2001.自2001年以來我們都沒有收到肯特的信。 非延續(xù)性動詞的否定式與till(/until)結(jié)構(gòu)從句連用，表示“直到才”，指某個不發(fā)生的動作一直延續(xù)到某個時間點(diǎn)才結(jié)束。 延續(xù)性動詞的肯定式與till(/until)結(jié)構(gòu)連用，表示該動作一直延續(xù)到某個時間點(diǎn)才結(jié)束 比：I didn't finish the experiment until midnight. 我直到半夜才做完實(shí)驗(yàn)。 I watched TV until midnight.我看電視一直到半夜。 The flower show didn't begin till the foreign friends arrived.花展直到外國朋友們到才開始。 He worked in the office till the foreign friends arrived.他在辦公室一直工作到外國朋友到達(dá)。 They didn't set out until the moon rose.他們直到月亮升起了才動身。 They waited until the moon rose.他們一直等到月亮升起。 7) It has been(/is) 一段時間since從句 這種句型表示“自從”，since從句通常用一般過去時。 例：It has been ten years since he came to the city. 他來這座城市已經(jīng)10年了。 It is about 5 days since she fell ill. 她生病大約5天了。 It is three months since Louis lost his car.路易斯丟車已有3個月了。 8) have (has) got的用法 have(has) got形式上是現(xiàn)在完成時，實(shí)際上意思與have (has)相同。have(has)got 是英國英語，have (has)是美國英語。 例：I have got (have) a bad cold. 我得了重感冒。 Have you got a rubber?你有橡皮嗎？ =Do you have a rubber? I have written the letter but I haven't posted it yet. 信我已經(jīng)寫好了，但還沒有寄出。 I wrote the letter last week and I posted it three days ago.我上周寫的那封信，3天前寄出的。 4現(xiàn)在完成時表示的動作或狀態(tài)延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并可能延續(xù)下去，而一般過去時則單純表示過去某段時間內(nèi)的經(jīng)歷。 比：It has rained for five hours. 雨已經(jīng)下了5個小時了。 It rained for live hours yesterday.昨天下了5個小時的雨。 He has waited for her for two hours. 他等她已經(jīng)兩個小時了。 He waited for her two hours and then went home.他等她等了兩個小時，然后就回家了。 I have reviewed two lessons this morning.今天上午我已經(jīng)復(fù)習(xí)了兩課。（說話時還在上午） I reviewed two lessons this morning.今天上午我復(fù)習(xí)了兩課。（說話時已是下午或晚上） 5 用于現(xiàn)在完成時的句型1）It is the first / second time. that結(jié)構(gòu)中的從句部分，用現(xiàn)在完成時。 It is the first time that I have visited the city. It was the third time that the boy had been late.2）This is the that結(jié)構(gòu)，that 從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時. This is the best film that I've (ever) seen. 這是我看過的最好的電影。 This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing.這是我第一次聽他唱歌。典型例題(1) -Do you know our town at all? -No, this is the first time I _ here. A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming 答案B. This is the first time 后面所加從句應(yīng)為現(xiàn)在完成時，故選B。(2) -Have you _ been to our town before? -No, it's the first time I _ here. A. even, come B. even, have comeC. ever, come D. ever, have come答案D. ever意為曾經(jīng)或無論何時，反意詞為never，此兩詞常用于完成時。 This is the largest fish I have ever seen. It is / was the first time +that-clause 的句型中，從句要用完成時。 6 比較過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時 1）過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動作；現(xiàn)在完成時為過去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。 2）過去時常與具體的時間狀語連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時通常與模糊的時間狀語連用，或無時間狀語。一般過去時的時間狀語: yesterday, last week，ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具體的時間狀語共同的時間狀語: this morning, tonight, this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet,till / until, up to now, in past years, always,不確定的時間狀語 3）現(xiàn)在完成時可表示持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，動詞一般是延續(xù)性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know. 過去時常用的非持續(xù)性動詞有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。舉例： I saw this film yesterday.（強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動作發(fā)生過了。） I have seen this film.（強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。） Why did you get up so early?（強(qiáng)調(diào)起床的動作已發(fā)生過了。） Who hasn't handed in his paper?（強(qiáng)調(diào)有卷子，可能為不公平競爭。） She has returned from Paris. 她已從巴黎回來了。 She returned yesterday. 她是昨天回來了。 He has been in the League for three years.(在團(tuán)內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù)) He has been a League member for three years.(是團(tuán)員的狀態(tài)可持續(xù)) He joined the League three years ago.( 三年前入團(tuán)，joined為短暫行為。) I have finished my homework now. -Will somebody go and get Dr. White? -He's already been sent for. 句子中如有過去時的時間副詞（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）時，不能使用現(xiàn)在完成時，要用過去時。 （錯）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （對）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.