高考英語(yǔ)外研版選修8Module4《Which English？》知識(shí)與要點(diǎn)

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,1debate n討論，爭(zhēng)論，辯論 vi.&vt.辯論，討論，爭(zhēng)論 歸納拓展 (1)debate about/on/over sth.with sb.與某人爭(zhēng)論 debate sth. with sb.與某人討論某事 debate whether/what/how etc. to do sth.討論 (2)hold a debate舉行辯論會(huì) beyond debate無(wú)可爭(zhēng)辯 under debate在辯論中,例句：We must debate the question with the rest of the members.我們必須和其他委員討論這個(gè)問(wèn)題。 The two sides debated fiercely whether to raise the price of school meals. 雙方就是否提高學(xué)校用餐價(jià)格進(jìn)行了激烈的辯論。 The proposal is under debate. 那個(gè)提議還在討論當(dāng)中。 同類辨析 debate，argue與discuss (1)debate辯論的目的在于說(shuō)服對(duì)方。 (2)argue指條理清晰地陳述贊成或反對(duì)的理由。 (3)discuss從不同的觀點(diǎn)出發(fā)與某人討論某事。,【鏈接訓(xùn)練】 這是關(guān)于如何懲治罪犯的爭(zhēng)論。(翻譯句子) This_is_a_debate_about_the_punishment_for_criminals.,2clarify vt.澄清，講清楚，闡明；(加熱)凈化 歸納拓展 (1)clarify matters澄清真相 clarify ones remarks把話說(shuō)清楚 clarify ones stand/position闡明某人的立場(chǎng) (2)clarification n澄清 clarity n清澈，透明 例句：He clarified his stand on the issue. 他澄清了他在該問(wèn)題上的立場(chǎng)。 My mind was clarified on this issue. 對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題我的頭腦變得清楚了。,She asked him to clarify what he meant. 她要他說(shuō)清楚他是什么意思。 【鏈接訓(xùn)練】 Chinese government_on the matters to Taiwan. Aclarify it stand Bclarifies its stand Cclarify its stand Dclarifies it stand 【解析】 句意為：中國(guó)政府針對(duì)臺(tái)灣問(wèn)題闡明了自己的立場(chǎng)。故應(yīng)用短語(yǔ)clarify ones stand“闡明某人的立場(chǎng)”，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。 【答案】 B,3complain vi.抱怨；不滿；發(fā)牢騷 歸納拓展 (1)complain (to sb.)about/of.(向某人)抱怨 complain (to sb.)thatclause(向某人)抱怨 complain to sb.向某人申訴；訴說(shuō)病痛 (2)complaint n抱怨；申訴；投訴 make a complaint about/of/against抱怨；投訴 a letter of complaint一封投訴信 (3)cant complain口還算好(總體上還是滿意的，雖然有些不如意),例句：She often complains to her boss about/of her low pay. She often complains to her boss that she gets paid too little. She often complains to to her boss about/of getting paid too little. 她經(jīng)常向她老板抱怨說(shuō)她的報(bào)酬太低。 Why dont you make a complaint against your noisy neighbour？你為什么不投訴那位喧鬧的鄰居呢？,【鏈接訓(xùn)練】 句型轉(zhuǎn)換 Some Iraqi common people complained of being robbed and beaten often by American soldiers in Iraq. Some Iraqi common people complained that_they_were_robbed_beaten often by American soldiers in Iraq. 句意為：一些伊拉克平民控訴說(shuō)他們經(jīng)常遭到駐伊美軍的搶劫和毆打。,4approval n批準(zhǔn)；認(rèn)可；贊成；同意 歸納拓展 (1)general approval一致同意 with approval of經(jīng)的批準(zhǔn) in approval同意地，支持地 give (ones) approval給予批準(zhǔn) meet with ones approval得到某人的贊許，得到某人的認(rèn)可 (2)approve v批準(zhǔn)，贊成 approve of sb./sth.贊成某人/事,例句：She desperately wanted to win her fathers approval. 她急不可待地想贏得她父親的贊同。 I cant agree to anything without my partners approval. 沒(méi)有合伙人的認(rèn)可我什么也不能答應(yīng)。 He doesnt approve of me leaving school this year. 他不同意我今年離校。,【鏈接訓(xùn)練】 The mayor has_the new building plan and the construction of the new Broadcasting Center will begin in a few days. Aappreciated Bapproached Cappointed Dapproved 【解析】 句意為：市長(zhǎng)批準(zhǔn)了新的建造計(jì)劃，建造新的廣播中心的工程幾天之內(nèi)就開(kāi)工。approve“批準(zhǔn)，贊成”，符合題意。appreciate“感激”；approach“接近”；appoint“任命；委派；指定”。 【答案】 D,例句：I am convinced of his innocence. I am convinced that he was innocent. 我相信他是無(wú)辜的。 What she said convinced me that I was mistaken. 她的一番話使我認(rèn)識(shí)到我錯(cuò)了。 What convinced you to vote for them? 究竟是什么使得你愿意投他們的票呢？,【鏈接訓(xùn)練】 The couple tried every effort to _ the judges，who tried the case of their innocence，resulting in the contrary. Aprove Bcharge Cconvince Dconfirm 【解析】 句意為：那對(duì)夫婦盡力使審訊那宗案件的法官相信他們是清白的，但結(jié)果正相反。prove“證明”；charge sb. with.“指控某人”；convince sb. of sth.“使某人相信”；confirm sth.“證實(shí)”。由句意及convince sb. of sth.的搭配可知正確答案為C。 【答案】 C,_that the government can lead them out of the financial crisis, people are optimistic about the future of the country. AConvincing BConvinced CTo convince DHaving convinced 【解析】 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法。句子的邏輯主語(yǔ)是people與convince之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用v.ing形式，排除B項(xiàng)；C項(xiàng)動(dòng)詞不定式置于句首，一般作目的狀語(yǔ)，與題意不符，故排除；convince這一動(dòng)作與主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，故排除D項(xiàng)完成時(shí)。選A。句意為：人們確信政府能帶領(lǐng)他們走出經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)，他們對(duì)國(guó)家的未來(lái)很樂(lè)觀。 【答案】 A,6oppose vt.反抗，反對(duì) 歸納拓展 (1)oppose (doing) sth.反對(duì)干某事 be opposed to (doing) sth.反對(duì)干某事 (2)opposition n反對(duì)，對(duì)立 meet with opposition遭到反對(duì) in opposition to sb. on sth.在某事上與某人意見(jiàn)相反 注意：be opposed to中的to是介詞，不是不定式符號(hào)，后加名詞/代詞或v.ing形式，不加to do，其同義詞組是be against和object to。,例句：Most people are opposed to war and for peace. 大多數(shù)人反對(duì)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，支持和平。 The President opposes giving military aid to this country.總統(tǒng)反對(duì)向該國(guó)提供軍事援助。 【鏈接訓(xùn)練】 翻譯句子 我們強(qiáng)烈反對(duì)種族歧視。 We_are_bitterly_opposed_to_the_racial_discrimination.,1tell.apart把區(qū)分開(kāi) 歸納拓展 (1)tell A and B aparttell A from Btell the difference(s) between A and B 把A與B區(qū)分開(kāi) tellthat./wh 辨別，識(shí)別 (2)tell sb. about/of sth.告訴某人有關(guān)某事 tell a lie/lies撒謊 to tell the truth說(shuō)實(shí)話,例句：It is also quite easy to tell British and American English apart. 要將英國(guó)英語(yǔ)和美國(guó)英語(yǔ)分辨開(kāi)來(lái)也很容易。 I cant tell whether it is him or not. 我認(rèn)不清是不是他。 It is very important for us to tell true friends from false ones in society. 在社會(huì)上辨別出真假朋友對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)是非常重要的。,【鏈接訓(xùn)練】 The twins are so much alike that their own mother can hardly _. Atell them apart Btell apart them Csay them apart Dsay apart them 【解析】 tell apart是動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)(v.adv.)，代詞常常放在tell和apart之間，故選A。 【答案】 A,2let sb./sth.down使某人失望，辜負(fù)；(使)略遜一籌，美中不足 歸納拓展 let alone更不必說(shuō) let off寬??；開(kāi)(槍)，放(炮、煙火等)；讓下車 let out放走，釋放；泄露，放出；放寬，放大(衣服) let go放開(kāi)，松手 let sb./sth. in/into讓進(jìn)來(lái)，放進(jìn)來(lái) 注意：let.alonelet.be/leave.alone不干涉；對(duì)置之不理；而let alone是“更不必說(shuō)”，需作插入語(yǔ)。,例句：This machine wont let you down. 你盡管放心，這臺(tái)機(jī)器不會(huì)出毛病。 She speaks French very fluently，but her pronunciation lets her down. 她法語(yǔ)講得很流利，但美中不足的是發(fā)音不太好。 There isnt enough room for us，let alone any guests.連我們都沒(méi)有足夠的空間，更不用說(shuō)客人了。,【鏈接訓(xùn)練】 If you dont bring a present to Lucy，you may _. Thank you for reminding me. Surely Ill buy her one this evening. Aleave her along Blet her down Chold her back Dcheer her up 【解析】 句意為：如果你不給露西帶生日禮物，你可能會(huì)使她失望的。謝謝你提醒我。我今晚肯定就去給她買一件生日禮物。leave sb.alone“不理會(huì)某人”；let sb.down“使某人失望”；hold sb.back“阻止某人”；cheer sb.up“使某人振作起來(lái)”。由句意可知答案為B項(xiàng)。 【答案】 B,3be relevant to.與有關(guān) 歸納拓展 (2)relevance n. 關(guān)聯(lián) relevantly adv.相關(guān)聯(lián)地,例句：Do you have any relevant experience in advertising? 你有廣告行業(yè)的相關(guān)經(jīng)驗(yàn)嗎？ What they are discussing is not relevant to the present question.他們所討論的事情與目前的問(wèn)題無(wú)關(guān)。 【鏈接訓(xùn)練】 完成句子 The judge ruled that the evidence wasnt_relevant_to/had_no_relevance_to/wasnt_related_to/wasnt_connected_with/had_nothing_to_do_with(與無(wú)關(guān))the case.,Not all idioms have been common for many years. 并非所有的習(xí)語(yǔ)很多年都常見(jiàn)。 not all.意為“并非所有的都”，是部分否定。not的位置比較靈活，可置于句首，也可放在句中。 例句：Not all the people present agreed with you. All the people present didnt agree with you. 不是所有在場(chǎng)的人都贊成你(的看法)。 歸納拓展 (1)與not連用構(gòu)成部分否定的詞有： all，everyone，everywhere，both，everybody，,always，every，everything，altogether(全體)， entirely(全部地)，wholly(全部地) (2)表示全部否定的詞有：none，nobody，no one，neither，never，nothing，nowhere等。 例句：None of the people present agreed with you. 所有在場(chǎng)的人都不贊成你。 Both of Tom and Jack are not fond of op music. Not both of Tom and Jack are fond of pop music. 湯姆和杰克二人不全喜歡流行音樂(lè)。 Tom and Jack are not fond of pop music. 湯姆和杰克都不喜歡流行音樂(lè)。,【鏈接訓(xùn)練】 I havent read _ of his books，but judging from others comments，I think hes a very promising writer. Aany Bnone Cboth Deither 【解析】 any與not連用表全部否定；not與none of連用，雙重否定表肯定；not與both和either連用表部分否定，根據(jù)題意，選A。 【答案】 A,The boys and girls had walked for hours.They _ got very tired，but _ of them would stop to take a rest. Aall；neither Bboth；none Call；none Dboth；everyone 【解析】 both只能用于兩者之間，此題中是說(shuō)the boys and the girls，故用all，作they的同位語(yǔ)；空二考查全部否定，故用none。 【答案】 C,復(fù)習(xí)狀語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)從句 1狀語(yǔ) 定義：修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子，說(shuō)明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分。 位置：修飾形容詞或副詞的狀語(yǔ)一般放在被修飾詞的前面；修飾動(dòng)詞的狀語(yǔ)一般放在被修飾詞的后面。特殊情況除外。 (1)狀語(yǔ)的表現(xiàn)形式 副詞及副詞短語(yǔ) 例句：Light travels fast.光傳播得很快。,介詞短語(yǔ) 例句：We have lived in this city for 10 years. 我們?cè)谶@座城市已生活了十年。 分詞短語(yǔ)ing及ed形式 例句：Encouraged by the teacher，I decided to learn English well. 在老師的鼓勵(lì)下，我決心把英語(yǔ)學(xué)好。 動(dòng)詞不定式 例句：He worked hard to pass the exam. 他努力學(xué)習(xí)，想通過(guò)考試。,從句 例句：So long as you can promise to return it on time，I will lend you my bike. 只要你能保證準(zhǔn)時(shí)歸還，我可以把自行車借給你。 獨(dú)立主格形式： 例句：The teacher entered the classroom，ruler in hand.老師手里拿著一把尺子進(jìn)了教室。 (2)狀語(yǔ)的種類 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) 原因狀語(yǔ) 條件狀語(yǔ) 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ) 方式狀語(yǔ) 伴隨狀語(yǔ) 目的狀語(yǔ)(常位于句末，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)可位于句首) 讓步狀語(yǔ) 程度狀語(yǔ)(單個(gè)副詞時(shí)，常前置),比較狀語(yǔ)(通常有固定形式，不可隨意改變) 例句：When it rains，I usually go to pick up my daughter in my car. 下雨時(shí)，我通常開(kāi)車去接我的女兒。 I didnt go to the party because of the heavy snow.因?yàn)橄麓笱┪覜](méi)有去參加聚會(huì)。 As long as you work hard，you can make great progress. 只要你努力，就能取得很大的進(jìn)步。 He was sent where he was most needed. 他被派往最需要他的地方去了。,2狀語(yǔ)從句 通常來(lái)說(shuō)明主句中某一動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞的起狀語(yǔ)作用的從句，叫做狀語(yǔ)從句。狀語(yǔ)從句位置較靈活，可以放在主句之前、之后或中間。狀語(yǔ)從句包括時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、方式、比較、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。 各個(gè)類型的狀語(yǔ)從句在前面單元的語(yǔ)法中已經(jīng)一一講到過(guò)，這里我們只將其引導(dǎo)詞進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié)。,【鏈接訓(xùn)練】 After a long walk，she was _ tired that she had to go upstairs and rest. Amuch Benough Ctoo Dthat 【解析】 句中that可作為副詞，相當(dāng)于so，與后面的that構(gòu)成結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，其余選項(xiàng)均無(wú)這種用法。 【答案】 D,_ online shopping attracts a certain group of the people，there will always be some who enjoy shopping for their own groceries. AWhen BAs CIf DWhile 【解析】 句意為：雖然網(wǎng)上購(gòu)物吸引了一定群體的人，但總有一些人喜歡上街購(gòu)買自己的雜貨。此處while表示“雖然；盡管”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。 【答案】 D,We have decided to go for a picnic tomorrow，Dick.Are you going with us? Well，_ you are going，so will I. Awhen Bsince Cif Dwhile 【解析】 句意為：我們已決定明天出去野炊，迪克，你和我們一起去嗎？哦，既然你們?nèi)?，那我也要去。此題極易誤選C。if “假如你們?nèi)ィ俏乙踩ァ！憋@然不符合前文邏輯。 【答案】 B,Jenny was reading a piece of science fiction，completely _ to the outside world. Ahaving lost Bbeing lost Closing Dlost 【解析】 lost是形容詞，be lost to the world(全神貫注于某事而不注意周圍的事情)。形容詞短語(yǔ)表示狀態(tài)，作狀語(yǔ)。 【答案】 D,_，the people in Sichuan Province are recovering from the effects of the terrible earthquake on May 12th,2008. AStrongly and unitedly BStrong and united CBe strong and unite DBeing strongly and united 【解析】 strong and united“堅(jiān)強(qiáng)并團(tuán)結(jié)”，為形容詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)。 【答案】 B,Loading ,同學(xué)們,來(lái)學(xué)校和回家的路上要注意安全,同學(xué)們,來(lái)學(xué)校和回家的路上要注意安全,