2017 小學英語語法講解、練習及答案PPT演示課件

《2017 小學英語語法講解、練習及答案PPT演示課件》由會員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關《2017 小學英語語法講解、練習及答案PPT演示課件（55頁珍藏版）》請在裝配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

小學英語語法總結,名詞復數(shù)規(guī)則,1一般情況下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds2以s. x. sh. ch結尾，加-es， 如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches3以“輔音字母 y”結尾，變y為i, 再加-es， 如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries,4以“f或fe”結尾，變f或fe為v, 再加-es， 如：knife-knives leafleaves5不規(guī)則名詞復數(shù)： man-men, woman-women, child-children； foot-feet；tooth-teeth ; goose-geese fish-fish, people-people, sheep-sheep deer-deer Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese Englishman-Englishmen, Frenchman-Frenchmen,寫出下列各詞的復數(shù) I _ him _ this _ her _watch _ child _ photo _day_ foot_ book_ dress _tooth_ sheep _ box_ tea_ strawberry _diary _ rice_thief _ you _peach _man_ woman_ paper_ juice_milk_ sandwich _water_,we,them,these,them,watches,children,photos,days,feet,books,dresses,teeth,sheep,boxes,diaries,strawberries,thieves,you,peaches,men,women,sandwiches,一 般 現(xiàn) 在 時,一般現(xiàn)在時的功能:1.表示事物或人物的特征、狀態(tài)。 如：The sky is blue.天空是藍色的。2.表示經(jīng)常性或習慣性的動作。 如：I get up at six every day.我天天六點起床。3.表示客觀現(xiàn)實。 如：The earth goes around the sun. 地球繞著太陽轉。,一般現(xiàn)在時的構成:be動詞：主語 + be (am, is, are) +其它。 如：I am a boy.我是一個男孩。2.行為動詞：主語 + 行為動詞 + 其它。 如：We study English.我們學習英語。 當主語為第三人稱單數(shù)(he, she, it)時，要 在動詞后加“-s”或“-es” 如：Mary likes Chinese.瑪麗喜歡漢語。,一般現(xiàn)在時的變化 1. be 動詞的變化： 否定句：主語 + be not +其它。 如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。 一般疑問句：Be + 主語 + 其它? 如：- Are you a student? - Yes. I am. / No, Im not. 一般疑問句必須用yes/no 回答，答句的 主語必須是代詞。 特殊疑問句：疑問詞 + 一般疑問句? 如：- Where is my bike? - Its there, under the tree.,2.行為動詞的變化： 否定句：主語 + dont (doesnt) +動詞原形 +其它。 如：I dont like bread. 當主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，用doesnt構成否定句 如： He doesnt often play. 一般疑問句：Do (Does) +主語 + 動詞原形 + 其它？ 如：- Do you often play football? - Yes, I do. / No, I dont. 當主語為第三人稱單數(shù)，要用does構成一般疑問句 如：- Does she go to work by bike? - Yes, she does. / No, she doesnt. 特殊疑問句：疑問詞 + 一般疑問句？ 如：- How do you go to school? - I go to school on foot.,動詞 單數(shù)第三人稱（簡稱：單三）的變化規(guī)則: 1一般情況下，直接加 s 如：cook-cooks, milk-milks 2以s, x, sh, ch, o結尾，加 es 如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes 3以“輔音字母 y”結尾，變y為i, 再加 es 如：study-studies,一、寫出下列動詞的第三人稱單數(shù) drink _ go _ stay _ make _look _ have_ pass_ carry _二、用括號內動詞的適當形式填空。1. He often _(have) dinner at home.2. Daniel and Tommy _(be) in Class One.3. We _(not watch) TV on Monday.4. Nick _(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.5. _ they _(like) the World Cup?6. _ your parents _(read) newspapers every day?7. The girl _(teach) us English on Sundays.8. She and I _(take) a walk together every evening.,drinks,goes,stays,makes,looks,has,passes,carries,has,are,dont watch,doesnt go,Do,like,Do,read,teaches,take,三、按照要求改寫句子Daniel watches TV every evening.(改為否定句)_I do my homework every day.(改為一般疑問句，作否定回答)_She likes milk.(改為一般疑問句，作肯定回答)_ _4. We go to school every morning.(改為否定句)_,Daniel doesnt watch TV every evening.,Do you do your homework every day?,No, I dont.,Does she like milk?,Yes, she does.,We dont go to school every morning.,五、改錯(劃出錯誤的地方，將正確的寫在橫線上)1. Isyour brother speak English? _2. Does he likes going fishing? _3. He likes play games after class. _4. Mr. Wu teachs us English. _5. She dont do her homework on Sundays. _,Does,_,_,like,playing / to play,_,teaches,_,doesnt,_,現(xiàn)在進行時,1、現(xiàn)在進行時用法: 現(xiàn)在正在進行或發(fā)生的動作， 當前一段時間內的活動或現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作。2、現(xiàn)在進行時的肯定句：be +V-ing.3、現(xiàn)在進行時的否定句：be + not。4、現(xiàn)在進行時的一般疑問句：be 句首。5、現(xiàn)在進行時的特殊疑問句： 疑問詞+be動詞+主語+doing+其它？ 疑問詞當主語時其結構為： 疑問詞+be動詞+doing+其它?,動詞+ing的變化規(guī)則:1一般情況下，直接 加 ing， 如：cook - cooking2以不發(fā)音的e結尾，去 e 加 ing， 如：make - making, taste - tasting3假如末尾是一個元音字母和一個輔音字母， 雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加 ing 如：run - running, stop - stopping,現(xiàn)在進行時專項練習：一、寫出下列動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞：run _ swim _ make_ begin_ go _ like _ write _ shop _ have_ sing_ dance _ put _ see _ love _ live _ take _ come _get _ stop _ sit _ smoke_,running,swimming,making,beginning,going,liking,writing,shopping,having,singing,dancing,putting,seeing,loving,living,taking,coming,getting,stopping,sitting,smoking,二、用所給的動詞的正確形式填空：1.The boy _( draw) a picture now. 2. Listen .Some girls _(sing) in the classroom . 3. My mother _(cook)some nice foodnow.4. What _ you _ ( do ) now?5. Look . They _ (have) an English lesson .,is drawing,are singing,is cooking,are,doing,are having,三、句型轉換：They are doing housework . (分別改成一般疑問句和否定句)_2The students are cleaning the classroom . ( 改一般疑問句并作肯定和否定回答)_,Are they doing housework?,They arent doing housework.,Are the students cleaning the classroom?,Yes, they are.,No, they arent.,一 般 將 來 時,一、概念：表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)及 打算、計劃或預備做某事。 句中一般有以下時間狀語： tomorrow, next day (week, month, year),soon, the day after tomorrow 等。 二、基本結構：be going to do； will be / do.,三、否定句：be going to do be not going to dowill be / do wont be / do例如：Im going to have a picnic this afternoon. Im not going to have a picnic this afternoon. I will go to Beijing next month. I wont go to Beijing next month.四、一般疑問句： be或will提到句首;如果有some，改為any; 如果有 and，改為or；第一二人稱互換。例如：We are going to go on an outing this weekend. Are you going to go on an outing this weekend.,五、對劃線部分提問。 一般情況，一般將來時的對劃線部分有三種情況:1、問人。(Who) 例如：Im going to New York soon. Whos going to New York soon.2、問干什么。(What do)例如： My father is going to watch a race with me this afternoon. What is your father going to do with you this afternoon.3、問什么時候。(When)例如：Shes going to go to bed at nine. When is she going to bed?,六、be going to 與 will ： 一般情況下可以互換： I am going to go swimming tomorrow. = I will go swimming tomorrow. 區(qū)別： A、 begoingto 表示近期、眼下就要發(fā)生的事情， will 表示的將來時間則較遠一些 Heisgoingtowritealettertonight. Hewillwriteabookoneday. B、 begoingto 表示根據(jù)主觀判斷將來肯定發(fā)生的事情， will 表示客觀上將來勢必發(fā)生的事情。 Heisseriouslyill.Heisgoingtodie. Hewillbetwentyyearsold.,C、 begoingto表示根據(jù)主觀判斷將來肯定發(fā)生的事情， will表示客觀上將來勢必發(fā)生的事情 Sheisgoingtolendusherbook. Hewillbehereinhalfanhour. D、 begoingto含有“計劃，準備”的意思， will則沒有這個意思 Sheisgoingtolendusherbook. Hewillbehereinhalfanhour. E、在有條件從句的主句中，一般不用begoingto,而多 用will Ifanybeastscomeatyou,Illstaywithyouandhelp you.,will和begoingto的選用原則,關于“打算”：原先作好的打算用 “be goingto”“Kate isinhospital.” “凱特在住院?！薄癥es, Iknow.Iamgoingtoseeherthisafternoon.”“是的，我知道。我下午要去看她。”說話時即時的打算用“will”“Kateisinhospital.” “凱特在住院?！薄癘h, really,Ididnt know.Iwillgoandseeheratonce.” “哦，是嗎？我都不知道呢。我得馬上去看她?！?in hospital 住院in the hospital 在醫(yī)院里,立刻，馬上,2.關于“預料”：在有跡象表明的情況下的預料用“begoingto”； Lookattheclouds.Its goingtorain. 你看天上的云?？煜掠炅?。 MyGod!Wearegoingtocrash. 天哪！我們快撞車了。在沒有跡象表明的情況下進行的猜測用“will 或 begoingto” 皆可； Ithinktheweatherwillbenice.我想天會晴朗。 = Ithinktheweatherisgoingtobenice.當動詞表示內心活動時，表示猜測的句子必須用“will”。 IthinkshewilllikethecakeImadeforher. 我想她會喜歡我為她做的蛋糕。,練習：填空。1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。 I_ _ _ have a picnic with my friends. I _ have a picnic with my friends.2.下個星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打籃球。 What _ _ _ _ _next Monday? I _ _ _ play basketball.(同義句)3. 你媽媽這個周末去購物嗎？是，她要去買一些水果。 _ your mother _ _ go shopping this _? Yes, she _. She _ _ _ buy some fruit.4. 你們打算什么時候見面? What time _ you _ _ meet?,am,going,to,will,are,you,going,to,do,am,going,to,Is,going,to,weekend,is,is,going,to,are,going,to,用所給詞的適當形式填空。1.Today is a sunny day. We _ (have) a picnic this afternoon.2.My brother _(go) to Shanghai next week.3.Tom often _(go) to school on foot. But today is rainy. He _(go) to school by bike.4.What do you usually do at weekends? I usually _ (watch) TV and _(catch) insects? 5.Its Friday today. What _she _ (do) this weekend? She _ (watch) TV and _ (catch) insects.,are going to have,is going,goes,will go,watch,catch,is,going to do,is going to watch,catch,一般過去時,1功能： 表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)， 常和表示過去的時間狀語連用。表示過去經(jīng)?；蚍磸桶l(fā)生的動作。2謂語動詞是be動詞時，be的變化： am 和is在一般過去時中變?yōu)?was。（was not=wasnt） are在一般過去時中變?yōu)閣ere。（were not=werent）3謂語動詞是其他實意動詞時，動詞變過去式，否定和 疑問借用助動詞did如：I went to school at 8 oclock yesterday. Jim didnt go home yesterday. Did Jim go home yesterday.,動詞過去式變化規(guī)則：1一般在動詞末尾加-ed，如：work-worked , 2結尾是e加d，如：live-lived 3重讀的“輔元輔”結構（末尾只有一個元音 字母和一個輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)），雙寫 末尾的輔音字母，再加-ed 如：stop-stopped， begin - beginning /bgn/4以“輔音字母 y”結尾的，變y為i， 再加-ed， 如：study-studied,5不規(guī)則動詞過去式： am/is-was, eat-ate are-were, take-took, do-did, run-ran, see-saw, sing-sang, say-said, put-put, give-gave, make-made, get-got, read-read, go-went, write-wrote, come-came, draw-drew, have-had, drink-drank, swim-swam, sit-sat,一、用動詞的適當形式填空1. It _ (be) Bens birthday last Friday.2. We all _ (have) a good time last night.3. He _ (jump) high on last Sports Day. 4. Helen _ (milk) a cow on Friday.5. She likes _ newspapers, but she _a book yesterday. (read)6. _ they _ (sweep) the floor on Sunday? No, they _.7. I _ (watch) a cartoon on Monday.,was,had,jumped,milked,reading,read,Did,sweep,didnt,watched,形容詞和副詞,形容詞： 是修飾名詞（人或事物），表示名詞的性質、 特征或屬性一種詞類。它在句中作定語、表語和賓語補足語。,形容詞和副詞的概念,副詞：是用來修飾動詞、形容詞及其他副詞的詞。副詞在句中多作狀語。,形容詞和副詞的用法,形容詞作定語一般放在被修飾 的名詞之前。 如: a new book, two big trees 等。,形容詞作表語放在系動詞be 、look、 get、 keep、turn、feel、become、seem、 grow、 smell等之后。如:1. I am short. 2. She looks fine. 3. They turn green.,如果形容詞修飾不定代詞something, anything, everything, nothing等時，要放在不定代詞后面。如: something interesting， nothing new,副詞放在所修飾的be動詞之后、行為動詞之前； 形容詞和副 詞之前。如: 1.She works hard . （修飾動詞） 2.I am very busy. （修飾形容詞） 3.He runs too quickly. （修飾副詞） 4.We play happily. （修飾動詞）,通常在形容詞后加-ly變成副詞。,slow _ real _usual _ careful_easy _ happy _heavy _ angry _,slowly,usually,easily,heavily,really,carefully,happily,angrily,形容詞和副詞的級,一、形容詞的比較級和最高級,形容詞和副詞有三個等級： 原級、比較級、最高級1.原級：即形容詞和副詞的原形。 small, good, pretty, big, many hard, happily, slowly, quickly 程度副詞very, too, so, quite等修飾形容 詞和副詞的原級。 如：very tall、 too hot、 so cold quite interesting、 run quickly, asas ,(與一樣） ；not as（so)as （與不一樣）的中間用原級。The story is as interesting as that one.The question is not as / so difficult as that one.,2.比較級：兩個人或物之間的比較表示“較”或“更一些”標志詞：than (比) 構成：A.單音節(jié)詞通常是-er結尾； B.多音節(jié)或部分雙音節(jié)詞通常在之前 加more.,3.最高級：三個或三個以上的人或物之間 的比較。表示“最”的意思。標志詞：in+大范圍； of all； of +the+具體的數(shù)字單音節(jié)詞通常是-est結尾；多音節(jié)或部分雙音節(jié) 詞通常在之前加most. 在形容詞的最高級前必須加the; 副詞之前可以不加。,形容詞和副詞的比較級和最高級的構成方式,一、規(guī)則變化,二、不規(guī)則變化：,good / well bad / badly / ill many / much little ,better,best,worse,worst,more,most,less,least,old far ,older / elder,oldest / eldest,farthest / furthest,farther / further,important _ _ easy_ _ wet_ _ happy_ _ careful _ _ thin _ _ good_ _ hot _ _ easily _ _ many_ _ nice _ _ big _ _heavy_ _delicious_ _much_ _,給出下列詞的比較級和最高級,more important,most important,easier,easiest,wetter,wettest,happiest,happier,more careful,1、形容詞比較級在句子中的運用： 兩個事物或人的比較用比較級，比較級后面 一般帶有單詞than。 比較級前面可以用more, a little 來修飾表示 程度。 than后的人稱代詞用主格（口語中可用賓格）。,2形容詞比較級的規(guī)則變化：一般在詞尾加er ； 以字母e 結尾，加r ；“輔元輔”結構，應雙寫末尾的輔音字母， 再加er ； 以“輔音字母+y”結尾，先把y變i，再加er 。,3、不規(guī)則形容詞比較級： good / well-better, bad / ill - worse little- less, old - older / elder many / much - more,二、副詞的比較級 1形容詞與副詞的區(qū)別 (有be用形，有形用be； 有動用副，有副用動)在句子中形容詞一般處于名詞之前或be動詞 之后副詞在句子中最常見的是處于實義動詞之后 2副詞比較級的變化規(guī)則基本與形容詞比較級相 同 (不規(guī)則變化：well-better，far-farther,一、寫出下列形容詞或副詞的比較級 short_ strong_ big _ small_ fat_ thin _heavy_ light _ nice _ good_ beautiful_low_ high_ slow_ fast _ late _ early _ far_ well_二、根據(jù)句意填入單詞的正確形式：1. My brother is two years _(old) than me.2. Tom is as _(fat) as Jim.3. Is your sister _(young) than you? Yes, she is.4. Who is _(thin), you or Helen? Helen is.,5._Nancy sing _(well) than Helen? Yes, she _. 6.Fangfang is not as _(tall) as the other girls. 7.My eyes are _(big) than _ (she).8.Who gets up _(early), Tim or Tom?9._the girls get up _(early) than the boys? No, they_.,三、翻譯句子：1、誰比Jim年紀大？是你。 _ is _than Jim？_ are.2.我喜歡游泳。我所有的朋友都游得比我慢。 I like _.All my_ _than me. 3.誰的鉛筆更長，他的還是她的？我想是她的。 _pencil is _,_or _？ _is, I think.4.我母親比我父親年紀小。 My_ _ _than my _. 5.多做運動，你會更強壯。 _ more exercise, youll _soon.,There be 句型與have, has的區(qū)別,1、There be 句型表示：在某地有某人/物2、在there be 句型中，主語是單數(shù)，be 動詞用is ; 主語 是復數(shù)，be 動詞用are ; 如有幾件物品，be 動詞根據(jù) 最近be 動詞的那個名詞決定(就近原則)。3、there be 句型的否定句在be 動詞后加not , 一般疑問 句把be 動詞調到句首。4、there be句型與have(has) 的區(qū)別：there be表示在 某地有某人/物；have(has)表示某人擁有某物。,5、some 和any 在there be 句型中的運用some 用 于肯定句 ，any用于否定句或疑問句。6、and 和or 在there be句型中的運用：and 用于 肯定句,or 用于否定句或疑問句。7、針對數(shù)量提問的特殊疑問句的基本結構是：How many + 名詞復數(shù) + are there + 介詞短語？How much + 不可數(shù)名詞 + is there + 介詞短語？8、針對主語提問的特殊疑問句的基本結構是： Whats + 介詞短語,Fill in the blank with “have, has”or “there is , there are” 1. I _ a good father and a good mother. 2. _a telescope on the desk. 3. He_ a tape-recorder. 4. _a basketball in the playground. 5. She_ some dresses.,人稱代詞和物主代詞,1、人稱代詞主格和賓格的區(qū)別： 主格通常位于句中第一個動詞之前（有時候位 于than 之后），賓格一般位于動詞或介詞之后。2、物主代詞形容詞性與名詞性的區(qū)別： 形容詞性用時后面一般要帶上名詞，名詞性則單 獨使用，后面不帶名詞。,人稱代詞和物主代詞,主格 賓格 形容詞性 名詞性 I me my mine you you your yours he him his his she her her hers it it its its we us our ours they them their theirs,用所給詞的適當形式填空。1.That is not _kite. That kite is very small, but _is very big.( I )2.The dress is _. Give it to _( she ). 3._is my brother. _ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are_ ( he ).4.I can find my toy, but wheres _? ( you )5.Show _ your kite, OK? (they),用am，is，are填空。1. That _ my red skirt. 2. Who _ I? 3.The jeans _ on the desk. 4. The black gloves _for Su Yang. 5. This pair of gloves _ for Yang Ling. 6. The two cups of milk _ for me. 7. Some tea _ in the glass.,