高中英語 3名師指津語法 非謂語動詞課件.ppt
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第二部分重要語法,非謂語動詞是高中英語的重點語法項目,掌握非謂語動詞的基本用法,對增強書面表達的文采和提高閱讀理解能力都有明顯的作用。非謂語動詞也是高考語法填空的必考點,每年必考一個小題。,非謂語動詞,請做近年高考真題:1.(2013)Inthebeginning,therewasonlyaverysmallamountofunfairnessintheworld,buteveryoneaddedalittle,always_(think)thatitwasonlysmallandnotveryimportant,andlookwherewehaveendeduptoday.思路點撥:thinking因everyone與think是主動關系,故用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作added的伴隨狀語。,真題再練,2.(2012)Marywillneverforgetthefirsttimeshesawhim.Hesuddenlyappearedinclassoneday,_(wear)sunglasses.思路點撥:wearing本句主語是he,且已有謂語動詞appeared,括號中所給的動詞wear前面沒有并列連詞,不會是并列謂語,因此,可以確定wear是非謂語動詞;又因he與wear之間在邏輯上是主動關系,故用wearing,作謂語動詞appeared的伴隨狀語。,3.(2011)Igotonthebusandfoundaseatneartheback,andthenInoticedaman_(sit)atthefront.思路點撥:sitting表示“注意到某人在做某事”是noticesb.doingsth.句型。,4.(2010)Afterthestudentleft,theteacherletanotherstudenttastethewater.Hespititout,_(say)itwasawful.思路點撥:saying句中He是主語,spit是謂語動詞,所給動詞say前面沒有并列連詞,即不作并列謂語,它應是非謂語動詞;又因he與say是主動關系,故用現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語,填saying。順便說說,saying可以轉換成andsaid作并列謂語。,5.(2009)Shewishedthathewasaseasy_(please)ashermother,whowasalwaysdelightedwithperfume.思路點撥:toplease在形容詞后作狀語,只能用動詞不定式。,6.(2008)Forexample,theproverb,“pluckingupacrop_(help)itgrow”,isbasedonthefollowingstory.思路點撥:tohelp在直接引語中的諺語,是theproverb的同位語,也就是說,直接引語是一個名詞短語,而不是句子。由此可知,括號中所給的動詞help,不作謂語,是非謂語動詞。因“助長(helpitgrow)”是pluckingupacrop(拔苗)的目的,作目的狀語,要用不定式,故填tohelp。,7.(2007)Whileshewasgettingme_(settle)intoatinybutcleanroom,theheadofthevillagewastyinguphishorsetomycar.思路點撥:settled在while從句中,she是主語,wasgetting是謂語動詞,括號中所給動詞settle應為非謂語動詞;又由settlesb.into/in(將某人安頓在某處)可知,sb.與settle在邏輯上是被動關系,故填過去分詞settled,作為賓語me的補足語,表示狀態(tài)。,考情分析,從上表可以看出,非謂語動詞在高考語法填空中必考且只考1個小題;主要考查了三個方面:(1)現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語;(2)不定式作狀語;(3)分詞作賓補。,語法填空題中,若句中已有謂語動詞,又不是并列謂語時,所給動詞就是非謂語動詞。若是非謂語動詞就要確定是v-ing形式,-ed形式,還是todo,確定的方法主要有:(1)作伴隨狀語,通常用分詞,若與邏輯主語是主動關系,用-ing形式;若是被動關系,用-ed形式。(詳見上述第1,2,4小題的解題思路)(2)作目的狀語或在形容詞后作狀語,一般用不定式。(詳見上述第5,6小題的解題思路),解題技巧,(3)作賓語補足語則為do,todo,v-ing,v-ed形式,由不同的動詞句型,以及賓語與賓補之間的主動或被動關系而定。(詳見上述第3,7小題的解題思路)(4)作主語或賓語,通常用v-ing形式表示習慣或一般情況,用不定式表示具體情況。(5)作表語最主要的是現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞:表示人“感到的”用-ed形式;說明事物或人是“令人的”,用-ing形式。,非謂語動詞就是在句中不能單獨作謂語的動詞形式,有不定式、-ing形式和-ed形式三種形式。但在傳統(tǒng)語法中,-ing形式又分現(xiàn)在分詞和動名詞,-ed形式叫過去分詞,其中現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞又可統(tǒng)稱為分詞。非謂語動詞,除語法填空每年必考外,在寫作中非常有用,因此,我們必須要全面了解,重點掌握。一、非謂語動詞的三個基礎1.非謂語動詞的句法功能。,考點歸納,各種形式的用法特征和句法功能見下表:,2.非謂語動詞的時態(tài)語態(tài)(以do為例)。,時態(tài):若非謂語動詞的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞的動作之前,用完成式,否則用一般式。語態(tài):當非謂語動詞與其邏輯主語是主動關系,用主動式;是被動關系,用被動式。3.非謂語動詞的邏輯主語。,例1Havingworkedabroadforfiveyears,hecamebacktohismotherland.他在國外工作五年之后回到了祖國。(=Afterhehadworkedforfiveyears,he)分析:因邏輯主語he與work是主動關系,所以用-ing形式的主動式作狀語;又因“在國外工作了五年”發(fā)生在“回來”之前,所以用完成式。,例2“Wecantgooutinthisweather,”saidBob,lookingoutofthewindow.“這樣的天氣我們不能出去,”鮑勃望著窗外說。分析:因邏輯主語Bob與look是主動關系,用-ing形式的主動式作伴隨狀語;又因look是伴隨著said,同時發(fā)生的,所以用一般式。,例3Hecamein,followedbyhissecretary.他走了進來,后面跟著他的秘書。分析:因邏輯主語he與follow(跟隨)是被動關系,故用過去分詞作伴隨狀語,follow與camein同時發(fā)生。,例4Mylittlebrothershouldlovetobetakentotheparkthisafternoon.我弟弟希望今天下午帶他去公園。分析:因邏輯主語Mylittlebrother與take(帶)是被動關系,故用被動式;又因shouldlove后習慣接不定式,不定式表示未來,用一般式,所以用tobetaken。,若與謂語動作同時發(fā)生,并強調(diào)正在進行的情景或持續(xù)性,可用不定式的進行式。如:WhenIcamein,LiMingseemedtobereadinganovel.我進來時,李明好像在看小說。注意以下3點:(1)在作表語和補語的形容詞后作狀語,用不定式的主動形式表被動含義。如:Thistextiseasytolearn.這篇課文很容易學。,Ifindthistexteasytolearn.我覺得這篇課文很容易學。(2)在表示“需要”的need,want,require等后用v-ing的主動式表示被動含義,此時也可用不定式的被動式。如:MyEnglishneedsimproving/tobeimproved.我的英語需要提高。(3)表示“有要”用不定式的主動形式表示被動意義。如:,Ihavealotofworktodo.我有許多事要做。(4)作表語的toblame是主動表被動。如:Heistoblameforthis.他會因此而受到責備.二、非謂語動詞的用法比較1.作主語。不定式表示特定、具體的、一次性的、未來的行為,而-ing形式表示泛指的、一般的、習慣性的行為。如:,Learningaforeignlanguageneedstimeandpatience.學好外語需要時間和耐心。(一般)Totellhimthetruthnowwillhurthim.現(xiàn)在告訴他事情的真相會傷害到他。(具體)為保持句子平衡,常用it作為形式主語,把作主語的不定式或-ing形式移到句末。如:Itisnecessaryforustolearnaforeignlanguage.我們有必要學一門外語。,另外,注意以下幾點:(1)主語與表語用同一形式。如:Seeingisbelieving./Toseeistobelieve.眼見為實。(2)在Itisnouse/Itisuseless/Itisnogood/Itisworthwhiledoing句形中,通常用-ing形式。如:Itisnousetalkingyourtroubletoamanlikehim.跟他那樣的人談你的煩惱沒有用。,2.作賓語。(1)只接不定式作賓語的動詞或短語:有ask,demand(要求),plan,intend,mean(計劃),manage,do/tryonesbest,makeanattempt,(努力),learn(學習),wish,hope,desire,expect,long,want,wouldlike,shouldlike,wouldprefer(希望、愿意),agree,promise(同意),decide,determine,choose,makeadecision,makeuponesmind(決定),offer(主動提出),apply(申請),help(幫助),fail(不能、沒有),prepare(準備),pretend(假裝),refuse(拒絕),happen(碰巧),afford(負擔得起)等。,Iplantorememberthe3,500Englishwordsthisterm.我計劃在本學期記下那3,500個英語單詞。(2)只接-ing形式作賓語的動詞或短語:有allow,permit(允許),consider(考慮),suggest,advice(建議),keep(on)(反復;不停),finish(完成),imagine(想象),practise(練習),understand(明白),appreciate,enjoy(喜歡),miss(錯過;懷念),prevent(阻止),forbid(禁止),escape(避免),include(包括),forgive,pardon,excuse(原諒),dislike(厭惡),discuss(討論),report(報道),admit(承認),mind(介意),risk(冒險),cantstand(不能忍受),burstout(突然開始),feellike(想要),insiston(堅持),delay,putoff(推遲),giveup(放棄),bebusy(忙于),beworth(值得)等。ShesuggestedaskingMr.Liforhisopinion.她建議征求李老師的意見。,(3)接不定式和-ing形式意義不同的詞:有remembertodo(記住去做),rememberdoing(記得做過);forgettodo(忘記去做),forgetdoing(忘記做過);regrettodo(遺憾地做),regretdoing(后悔做了);trytodo(設法做),trydoing(試做);goontodo(接著做另一事),goondoing(繼續(xù)做同一事);meantodo(打算做),meandoing(意味著);stoptodo(停下來去做),stopdoing(停止做);canthelptodo(不能幫助做),canthelpdoing(情不自禁做)等。,Remembertopayhim.記住要付錢給他。(錢還未付)Irememberpaying(or:havingpaid)him.我記得已經(jīng)付給他錢了。(4)介詞后一般只能接-ing形式作賓語,以下短語動詞中的to是介詞:,有l(wèi)ookforwardto(盼望),be/getusedto(習慣),getdownto(開始認真),payattentionto(注意),bedevotedto/devoteto(致力于),leadto(導致),referto(談到),pointto(指向),turnto(轉向),objectto(反對),equalto(等于、能勝任),belongto(屬于)等。Heobjectedtobeingtreatedlikeachild.他反對被當作小孩子看待。,3.作表語。(1)v-ing形式作表語,說明主語的性質(zhì)特征,意為“令人的”,多指事物(現(xiàn)在分詞相當于形容詞);也可以說明主語的內(nèi)容(動名詞)。如:Thisnewsisexciting.這個消息令人激動。(性質(zhì)現(xiàn)在分詞)Myworkisteaching./Teachingismywork.我的工作是教書。(內(nèi)容動名詞),(2)v-ed形式表示性質(zhì)特征,意為“感到的”,多指人。Everybodyfeelsexcitedaboutit.大家都為此感到興奮。(3)不定式作表語有三種情況:主語與表語“等價”時。Hisdreamistobeadmittedbyakeyuniversity.他的夢想是考上重點大學。,在seem,appear,prove(證明是),turnout(結果是)等后。Heappearstowanttoleave.他看來要走了。表示計劃、應該、約定、命令、命中注定等。Wearetomeetattheschoolgate.我們將在校門口碰頭。(約定),4.作賓語補足語。當賓語與作賓補的動詞在邏輯上是主動關系時,用不定式(全過程)或-ing形式(正在進行或一直處于某種狀態(tài));是被動關系時,用-ed形式。另外,請注意復習以下3點:(1)接不定式作賓補的動詞。主要有tell,ask,expect,inspire,encourage,allow,advise,remind,persuade,require,force,forbid等。在help后作賓補的不定式帶不帶to均可。如:,Mr.Wangoftenencouragesustostudyhard.王老師常常鼓勵我們努力學習。(2)接不帶to的不定式作賓補的動詞。主要有hear,listento,let,make,have,see,watch,notice,observe等,表示動作的全過程。Isawhimgoout.我看到他出去了。但被動語態(tài)中,要加上to。Hewasseentogoout.有人看到他出去了。,(3)接-ing形式作賓補的動詞。主要有hear,see,watch,feel,find等,表示在“看到,聽到”時“正在發(fā)生”。Iheardhersingingjustnow.剛才我聽到她在唱歌。5.作定語。(1)-ing形式作定語,表示某動作正在進行(現(xiàn)在分詞),或說明名詞的功能(動名詞)。如:,asleepingbaby(=ababywhoissleeping)一個正熟睡的嬰兒;areadingroom(=aroomforreading)閱覽室。(2)用-ing形式表示主動、正在進行,-ed形式被動、完成,不定式表示將來,三者都可以轉化為定語從句。如:Theboystandingthereisafriendofmine.站在那邊那個男孩是我的一個朋友。(=Theboywhoisstandingthereis),Thebuildingbeingbuiltwillbeourlibrary.現(xiàn)在正在建的那座房子將是我們的圖書館。(=Thebuildingwhichisbeingbuiltis)Thebuildingbuiltlastyearisourlibrary.去年建好的那座房子是我們的圖書館。(Thebuildingwhichwasbuiltlastyearis)Thebuildingtobebuiltnextmonthwillbeourlibrary.下個月要建的房子將是我們的圖書館。(=Thebuildingwhichwillbebuiltnextmonth),表示“第幾個做某事的人”用thefirst/second(+n.)todosth.如:Tomwasthefirstpersontoarriveatschool.湯姆是第一個到校的人。(3)表示情感的動詞,-ing形式表示“令人的”,-ed形式表示“感到的”。如:excitingnews令人激動的消息;excitedexpression臉上興奮的表情。,6.作狀語。(1)作目的狀語或在形容詞后作狀語,用動詞不定式。Hehasbeenworkinghardtogetagoodmark.為了獲得好成績,他一直在努力學習。Hisfather,Ithink,ispleasedtopersuadehim.我認為,他父親樂意去說服他。(2)不定式作狀語,表示原因,多用于表示情感反應的動詞、形容詞(如glad,sorry,surprised,frightened,delighted)之后,只能放在句末,且不用逗號。如:,Iamverygladtoseeyou.見到你我非常高興。(3)-ing形式和-ed形式作狀語,可表示伴隨、時間、原因、條件、結果、讓步等,表示伴隨時可轉化為并列謂語,其他情況一般可轉化為相應的狀語從句。表伴隨:Theysatthere,talkinghappily.他們坐在那里高興地交談著。(=andtalkedhappily),Theteacherstoodthere,surroundedbyalotofstudents.那位老師站在那里,有許多學生圍著。(=andwassurrounded/whowassurrounded)表時間:Hearingthebadnews,theycouldnthelpcrying.聽到這條壞消息后,他們情不自禁地哭了起來。(=When/Aftertheyheardthebadnews,they),表原因:Bornintoapeasantfamily,hehadonlytwoyearsofschooling.他出生于農(nóng)民家庭,只上過兩年學。(=Ashewasborn)表條件:Givenalittlemoretime,Iwouldhaveworkedouttheproblem.如果再多給我一點時間,我就會做出那道題目了。(=IfIhadbeengivenalittlemoretime,I)表結果:Wesetoffveryearly,arrivingthereaheadoftime.我們動身很早,結果提前到達了那里。(sothatwearrived),表讓步:Beingtired,theywentonworking.雖然累了,但他們繼續(xù)工作。(=Althoughtheyweretired,they)(4)不定式表結果,其動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之后,往往表示未曾預料到的或令人不快的,前面常加only;也還用于tooto,enoughto,so/suchasto等固定結構中。-ing形式表示的結果,是伴隨謂語動詞的發(fā)生而產(chǎn)生的自然結果(同時發(fā)生),謂語動詞與現(xiàn)在分詞的動作是因果關系。如:,Hehurriedtothestation,onlytofind(andfound)thetrainhadleft.他匆匆忙忙趕到火車站,結果發(fā)現(xiàn)那趟火車已走了。Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,making(=whichmakes)itthemostpopularsportintheworld.歐洲足球有80個國家都在踢,結果使得它成為世界上最流行的運動。另外,有時前面還帶有連詞,即“連詞+-ing形式”“連詞+-ed形式”。如:,Youmustbecarefulwhilecrossingtheroad.你過馬路時一定得小心。(=whileyouarecrossing)Iwontgototheirweddingunlessinvited.除非得到邀請,否則我不會出席他們的婚禮。(=unlessIaminvited),一、單句填空用所給詞的正確形式填空。1.(2013福建)_(know)basicfirst-aidtechniqueswillhelpyourespondquicklytoemergencies.Knowing因句中willhelp是謂語,前面應是非謂語動詞作主語,表示一般或抽象,用-ing形式。,實戰(zhàn)演練,2.(2011深圳二模)Instantly,Ifeltsosorry.Ihadintended_(help)her,completelymisunderstandingher.tohelp因intend后只能接不定式作賓語,故填tohelp。,3.(2013廣州二模)ThebookclaimedthatIndiaspeoplewereverywelcomingoftourists,andnevertried_(cheat)them.AsIreadIfeltdeeplytouchedbythesewarmwords.tocheat表示“試圖做某事”,try后要接不定式作賓語。,4.(2009廣州二模)Iwasntusedto_(take)careoflikethatanditwasatthismomentthathisunspokenconcerncaughtmebysurprise.beingtaken由句意可知wasntusedto意為“不習慣”,to是介詞,后面只能接-ing形式作賓語;又因takecareof后沒有賓語了,可知I與takecareof是被動關系,故填beingtaken。,5.(2012廣州二模)Themainfindingofthe30countriessurveyisthattheequalitybetweenmenandwomenisvitalto_(improve)livingstandardsandhealth,especiallyforchildrenindevelopingcountries.improving表示“對關系重大”的bevitalto中的to是介詞,用-ing形式作賓語。,6.(2013深圳二模)Themanwasso_(move)thathehadtofightbacktears.moved作表語,表示人“感動的”,用-ed形式。,7.(2013重慶)Theenginejustwontstart.Somethingseems_(go)wrongwithit.tohavegone因seem后只能接不定式作表語,不能接-ed或-ing形式,且根據(jù)句意“引擎發(fā)不動,看起來好像已經(jīng)出了毛病了”,可知要用不定式的完成式。,8.(2009廣州一模)Ontheirreturnthefatheraskedhisson_(explain)whathehadlearnt.toexplain由asksb.todosth.可知,用不定式作賓補。,9.(2013北京)Whenwesawtheroad_(block)withsnow,wedecidedtospendtheholidayathome.blocked因theroad與block(阻礙,堵塞)是被動關系,所以用-ed形式作賓補。,10.(2013陜西)Letthoseinneed_(understand)thatwewillgoallouttohelpthem.understand句中inneed是those的定語,意為“有需要的人”,考查的是letsb.dosth.句型,所以用不帶to的不定式作賓補。,11.(2011深圳一模)Shewillliftherforktoswallowamouthful,andthenputitdownagaintomakeanotherpoint,leavingalmostallofhermeal_(touch).untouched因allofhermeal與touch是被動關系,要用-ed形式作賓補;因“將餐叉放下,又考慮另外的問題了”,所以“留下幾乎所有的飯菜,再也沒有碰過了”,故填其反義詞untouched。,12.(2007廣州二模)Withtheproblem_(solve),Ifeltproudofmyachievement.solved因theproblem與solve是被動關系,又由后面“為取得的成績感到驕傲”可知,問題已經(jīng)解決,故用-ed形容作賓補。,13.(2009深圳二模)ArealtrialbeganwhenIstoodontheplatformwithmylegs_(tremble)andmymindblank.Howmuchtimehadpassedby,Ididntknow.trembling因mylegs與tremble是主動關系,又與stood同時發(fā)生,故用-ing形式作賓補。,14.(2013深圳二模)_(open)it,hefoundtwosmalltablematsandasumofmoneytotaling25,000.Opening因he與open是主動關系,且open與found同時發(fā)生,所以用-ing形式作狀語,表示時間。,15.(2009深圳一模)_(teach)tobehavewell,mysisterandIrespectedotherpeople,regardlessoftheirageorcolor.Mygrandmotherwaslovedbyallthepeoplearoundher.Taught因mysisterandI與teach是被動關系,用-ed形式作原因狀語。,16.(2013深圳一模)SoonhedisappearedintheMens.Istoodthere_(puzzle).SuddenlyIrealizedpuzzled因I與puzzle(使迷惑)是被動關系,用-ed形式作狀語,表示伴隨狀態(tài)。,17.(2013廣州一模)Theyoftentakechildrenonday-trips,_(bring)alongwiththemallkindsoffoodforthekidstoenjoy.bringing因與They是主動關系,用-ing形式作伴隨狀語。,18.(2012廣州一模)Thecheerfulandoptimisticrabbitthrewhimselfintolookingforthecarrot,_(dig)hereandthere,totallyconvincedthathewouldfindit.digging因rabbit與dig是主動關系,用-ing形式作伴隨狀語。,19.(2013課標)Igottotheofficeearlierthatday,_(catch)the7:30trainfromPadington.havingcaught因有逗號,后面不可能是不定式;因邏輯主語I與catch是主動關系,用-ing形式;“趕上七點半的火車”應在“到達辦公室”之前,發(fā)生在謂語之前,要用完成式,所以填havingcaught。-ing形式的完成式作狀語,表示原因,相當于becauseIhadcaught。,20.(2013北京)_(find)thecourseverydifficult,shedecidedtomovetoalowerlevel.Finding因she與find是主動關系,故用-ing形式,作狀語,表示原因,相當于Asshefound。,21.(2013重慶)WhenIwaslittle,mymotherusedtositbymybed,_(tell)mestoriestillIfellasleep.telling因mymother與tell是主動關系,用-ing形式作sit的伴隨狀語,相當于andtell。,22.(2013山東)_(eat)atthecafeteriabefore,Tinadidntwanttoeatthereagain.Havingeaten因Tina與eat是主動關系,用-ing形式作狀語;“以前在那個自助餐廳吃過”應是在“不想再去那里吃”之前,發(fā)生在謂語之前,用完成式。這里是表示原因,相當于Asshehadeatenat。,23.(2013山東)Istoppedthecar_(take)ashortbreakasIwasfeelingtired.totake因“休息一會”是“停車”的目的,作目的狀語,要用不定式。,24.(2013湖南)Thesunbegantoriseinthesky,_(bath)themountainingoldenlight.bathing因thesun與bath(使沐浴在中)是主動關系,又是同時發(fā)生,故用-ing形式作狀語,表示伴隨。,25._(admit)toakeyuniversity,allthestudentsinSenior3aremakinggreateffortstostudy.Tobeadmitted因“考入/被重點大學錄取”是“努力學習”的目的,作目的狀語要用不定式,又因allthestudents與admit(允許進入)是被動關系,故用不定式的被動式。,26._(complete)allthehomeworkassignedbytheschool,thestudentshavetoworkatittillmidnight.Tocomplete作目的狀語。,27.(2013廣州二模)Ihadnootherchoice_(leave),soIagreedtopay,butonlyaftermybagwasreturned.left因choice與leave是被動關系,用-ed形式作定語。,28.(2011廣州一模)Dudley,whichisprobablytheheartoftheBlackCountry,hasahistory_(date)backover1,000years.dating作定語,修飾history。,29.(2010廣州二模)Buttheleadersdidnotannounceany_(detail)planforGreeceaftermeetingThursdayinBrussels.detailed因plan與detail(詳述)是被動關系,用-ed形式作定語,表示“詳細的”計劃。,30.(2013北京)Volunteeringgivesyouachance_(change)lives,includingyourown.tochange不定式作定語,意為:志愿者工作給了你一個“改變生活的”機會,包括你自己的生活。tochangelives相當于whichcanchangelives。,31.(2013天津)Insomelanguages,100wordsmakeuphalfofallwords_(use)indailyconversations.used意為“日常會話中使用的詞匯”,words與use是被動關系,用-ed形式作后置定語。used相當于定語從句whichwereused。,32.(2013山東)Theroomisemptyexceptforabookshelf_(stand)inonecorner.standing因abookshelf與stand是主動關系,用-ing形式作定語,standing相當于whichstands,33.(2013遼寧)LaurawasawayinParisforoveraweek.Whenshegothome,therewasapileofmail_(wait)forher.waiting因apileofmail與wait是主動關系,用-ing形式作定語,waiting相當于thatiswaiting,34.(2013湖南)Youcannotacceptanopinion_(offer)toyouunlessitisbasedonfacts.offered因anopinion與offer是被動關系,所以用-ed形式作定語,offered相當于whichisoffered。句意:你不會接受別人給你提的看法,除非是以事實為根據(jù)的看法。,35.(2013四川)Theairport_(complete)nextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.tobecompleted由nextyear可知,是將來完工,用不定式;又因theairport與complete是被動關系,所以用不定式的被動式作定語,tobecompleted相當于whichwillbecompleted。,36.Chinasfirstaircraftcarrier,_(measure)aslongas304meters,washandedovertothePeoplesLiberationArmyNavyin2012.measuring。因Chinasfirstaircraftcarrier與measure(=be)是主動關系,用-ing形式作定語,measuring相當于定語從句whichmeasures。,37.(2008深圳一模)Mypupils,Donnie_(include),adoredher.Withherfrequentencouragement,Donniebecameconfident.included因Donnie與include是被動關系,用-ed形式。順便說說,表示“包括唐尼”可以是Donnieincluded也可以是includingDonnie。,38.(2013安徽)_(found)intheearly20thcentury,theschoolkeepsoninspiringchildrensloveofart.Founded因theschool與found(成立)是被動關系,用-ed形式表示被動、完成。,39.(2014茂名二模)MyeyeswateredabitasIwatchedthissceneandrememberedallthetimeswhenmyownchildrenhadranintomyarmswith_(smile)faces.smiling現(xiàn)在分詞作定語的用法,中心詞faces與定語“微笑”是主謂關系,故用現(xiàn)在分詞。,40.(2014茂名一模)afterluckily_(succeed)inthenationalcollegeentranceexamination,Irealizedmydreamagain.succeeding在介詞after后作賓語,要用動名詞。,41.(2014廣州一模)TheNorthernEssexCommunityCollege(NECC)studentsandoneoftheirteachersspentpartoftheirspringbreakinNewYorkCity,helpingrepairanarea_(destroy)bythehurricane.destroyed。根據(jù)句意可知用過去分詞作定語,表被動。,42.(2014佛山一模)Theyobservedbirdsflying_(get)ideas,aswellasreadaboutotherinventorsattemptstomakeaircraft.toget不定式作目的狀語。,43.(2014廣州一模)Insidethebuilding,thestudentssawnothingbutbrokenwallsanddoorsandpiecesofthebuilding_(lie)allovertheplace.lying現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語,表狀態(tài)。,44.(2014廣州調(diào)研)Withinashorttimeofhisdeath,moneystartedpouringinfromalloverScotland_(support)hiswidowandchildren.tosupport不定式作狀語,表目的。,45.(2014廣州調(diào)研)Hediedattheageof37asaresultofaweakheart,broughtonbyyearsofpoorworkingconditionsonthefarm_(date)backtohischildhood.dating現(xiàn)在分詞作定語修飾前面的years。,46.(2014深圳一模)Tomshookhishead,wentbacktothemarketandreturned_(inform)theboss1.2perkg.toinform在謂語動詞returned后作目的狀語,用不定式。,47.(2014惠州三模)Theyranawayquicklyandhid._(breath)heavilyafterhidinginthemouse-holeBreathing現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語,表時間。,48.(2014江門一模)InMountBerry,Georgia,peoplefindagroupofschools_(build)speciallyformountainchildren.built此處作后置定語,修飾schools,兩者是被動關系,故應填其過去分詞形式built。,49.(2013佛山一模)_(compare)withpeoplewhohavetobeintheirofficesduringtheday,IdonthavetogetupearlyCompared非謂語動詞作狀語,表示“與相比”要用過去分詞comparedwith/to,二、語篇填空用所給動詞的正確形式填空。1._(fall)inlovewithabeautifulgirl,alionwenttoherparentsandaskedthem2._(marry)hertohim.Theoldparentsdidnotknowwhattosay.Not3._(hope)togivetheirdaughtertothelion,theydidnotwant4._(anger)thekingofbeasts.Atlastthefathersaid,“Weareasgladasotherparents5._(marry)ourdaughter,Falling,tomarry,hoping,toanger,tomarry,toyou,butwefearthatyoumightpossiblyhurther.So6._(remove)yourclawsandteeth,youcanmarryher.”7._(love)thegirlverymuch,theliontrimmed(修剪)hisclawsandtookouthisbigteeth.8._(come)totheparentsagain,hewassimplylaughedinhisface.9._(beat)outofthehouse,thelionfelt10._(depress)anddiedsoon.,removing,Loving,Coming,Beaten,depressed,這是一則有深刻意義的寓言故事。寓意:有些人輕易相信別人的話,拋棄自己的長處,結果輕而易舉地被原來害怕自己的人擊敗了。1.Falling因alion與fall是主動關系,用-ing形式作狀語,表示原因。2.tomarry由asksb.todosth.可知,用不定式作賓補。3.hoping因they與hope是主動關系,用-ing形式作狀語,表示讓步,相當于Althoughtheydidnthopeto。,4.toanger因want后只能用不定式作賓語,意為“不想激怒百獸之王”。5.tomarry在作表語的形容詞glad后作狀語,表示原因,只能用不定式。6.removing因you與remove是主動關系,用-ing形式,作狀語,表示條件,相當于ifyouremove。7.Loving因thelion與love是主動關系,用-ing形式,作狀語,表示原因。,8.Coming因he與come是主動關系,用-ing形式作伴隨狀語。9.Beaten因thelion與beat是被動關系,用-ed形式作狀語,表示原因。10.depressed表示獅子“感到沮喪的”,用過去分詞形式作表語。,- 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