高考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí) 語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)項(xiàng) 專(zhuān)題6 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與虛擬語(yǔ)氣課件 新人教版.ppt

《高考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí) 語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)項(xiàng) 專(zhuān)題6 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與虛擬語(yǔ)氣課件 新人教版.ppt》由會(huì)員分享，可在線(xiàn)閱讀，更多相關(guān)《高考英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí) 語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)項(xiàng) 專(zhuān)題6 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與虛擬語(yǔ)氣課件 新人教版.ppt（25頁(yè)珍藏版）》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

一,二,三,一、考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本含義和用法(一)can與could1.表示能力,could主要指過(guò)去的能力,表示“過(guò)去有能力成功做成某事”時(shí)通常用was/wereableto。Thelittleboycanspeaktwoforeignlanguages.Couldthegirlreadbeforeshewenttoschool?Everyonewasabletoescapewhenthefirebrokeout.2.表示可能(理論上或是邏輯判斷上,并不涉及此事真的發(fā)生),常譯為“往往會(huì),有時(shí)候可能會(huì)”,常用于肯定句中。Accidentscanhappenonrainydays.3.表示請(qǐng)求和允許。在問(wèn)句中could比can語(yǔ)氣要委婉。Youcangobackhomenow.,一,二,三,4.表示驚異、懷疑、不相信等態(tài)度。主要用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句或感嘆句中。Howcanyoubesocareless?5.表示推測(cè),常用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句中,語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng)。Hecantbeintheclassroom;thelightisnoton.6.cannot/never.too/enough.表示“再也不為過(guò)”。Youcanneverbetoocarefulwhendrivingacar.7.cannotbutdosth./cannothelpbutdosth./cannotchoosebutdosth.表示“不得不,只好做某事”。Youcannotchoosebutgowithme.,一,二,三,(二)shall1.用于第二、三人稱(chēng)的陳述句中,表示命令、許諾、警告、強(qiáng)制、威脅、決心等;此外,頒布法律、規(guī)定時(shí)也用shall。Thenewlawshallcomeintoeffectnextmonth.2.用于第一、三人稱(chēng)的疑問(wèn)句中,表示說(shuō)話(huà)人征求對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)或向?qū)Ψ街甘?。Shallthemanstandingoutsidehaveatry?,一,二,三,(三)must1.表示主觀上的“必須,應(yīng)該”,其否定形式mustnt表示禁止。對(duì)比:haveto表示客觀上的“不得不”,可用于各種時(shí)態(tài)。Youmustlistencarefullyinclass.Studentsmustntplaywithmobilephonesinclass.Ihadlostmykey,soIhadtowaitoutdoors.2.表示“非要,偏要”做某事,表達(dá)出說(shuō)話(huà)者的一種不滿(mǎn)情緒。Whymustyoubetalkingsoloudlywhenothersaresleeping?3.表示對(duì)具體事情的推測(cè),意為“一定,肯定”,語(yǔ)氣較強(qiáng),只用于肯定句中。HemustcomefromAmerica.,一,二,三,(四)should1.表示義務(wù),常譯為“應(yīng)該”,用于各種人稱(chēng)。Parentsshouldtakecareoftheirbabies.2.表示預(yù)測(cè)可能性,譯為“可能,(按道理)應(yīng)該”,多指對(duì)未來(lái)合乎理想的情況或結(jié)果的一種期盼。Itsnearly8oclock.Heshouldbehereatthemoment.3.表示驚訝、意外等,常譯為“竟然,居然”。Iamsurprisedthatyoushouldspeakillofme.4.用在if條件句中,表示可能性很小的一種虛擬語(yǔ)氣,常譯為“如果”。IfIshouldseehim,Iwouldtellhimthenews.,一,二,三,(五)will與would1.表示意愿,用于各種人稱(chēng)的陳述句中。would常指過(guò)去的意愿。Ifyouwillreadthebook,Illgiveittoyou.2.表示請(qǐng)求,用于疑問(wèn)句中。would語(yǔ)氣較委婉。Willyouclosethewindow?3.表示某種傾向或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作,常譯為“總是,慣于”。would可表示過(guò)去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或某種傾向,后面接表示動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞,不能接表示狀態(tài)的詞。對(duì)比:usedto表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在已不存在。Hewouldsitintheparkwhichusedtobeafactoryreadingforhours.,一,二,三,(六)may與might1.表示請(qǐng)求、允許、許可,might比may語(yǔ)氣委婉。Youmayusemybike.2.表示推測(cè),常用于陳述句中,語(yǔ)氣比較弱,把握性不大。might語(yǔ)氣比may還要弱。Hemaygoout.3.mayaswell+動(dòng)詞原形,意為“最好,倒不如”。Youmayaswelldoitatonce.4.maywell+動(dòng)詞原形,意為“完全能,很可能”。Herappearancehaschangedsomuchthatyoumaywellnotrecognizeatfirstsight.5.may用于祈使句中,表示祝愿。Mayyoureturninsafety.,一,二,三,(七)need與dare1.二者都可以作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和行為動(dòng)詞。當(dāng)作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí),后面要接動(dòng)詞原形,通常用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句和條件句中。用作行為動(dòng)詞時(shí),其變化和一般的動(dòng)詞相同,有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化,構(gòu)成否定句和疑問(wèn)句時(shí)要借助于助動(dòng)詞do,does,did。dare用作行為動(dòng)詞,用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句時(shí),常省略后面的to。Youneednthurry;heneedstodressup.Thelittledidntdare(to)gooutatnightalone.2.need作行為動(dòng)詞時(shí),若主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)用動(dòng)詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義或用不定式的被動(dòng)形式。Thehouseneedsrepairing.=Thehouseneedstoberepaired.3.Idaresay為習(xí)慣說(shuō)法,意為“我想,大概”。Idaresayshedarenotspeaktoherfatherinthismanner.,一,二,三,二、考查“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+havedone”的用法1.表示后怕、責(zé)備或遺憾,一,二,三,2.表示對(duì)過(guò)去事實(shí)的推斷,一,二,三,三、了解虛擬語(yǔ)氣的基本知識(shí)1.虛擬條件句,一,二,三,例如:Wewouldgowithyouifwehadtime.如果我們有時(shí)間,就和你一起去。Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldnothavefailedintheexams.如果你早聽(tīng)了我的建議,你考試就能通過(guò)了。Ifitshouldrainthisafternoon,thebasketballmatchwouldbeputoff.要是今天下午下雨,籃球比賽就延期舉行。,(1)錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句在句子Ifyouhadworkedhardyesterday,youwouldbetirednow.(如果你昨天工作很辛苦的話(huà),那你現(xiàn)在就會(huì)很疲勞。)中,主句的動(dòng)作和從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致。(2)如果虛擬條件句中含有were/had/should,有時(shí)可把if省略,將were/had/should提至主語(yǔ)之前,形成倒裝句;但否定形式的not不可提到主語(yǔ)前。,一,二,三,2.含蓄條件句有時(shí)假設(shè)的情況并不以條件從句表示,而是由otherwise,but,or,without等介詞或副詞來(lái)表示虛擬條件。有時(shí)亦可用分詞短語(yǔ)或者名詞短語(yǔ)來(lái)代替條件狀語(yǔ)從句,要注意對(duì)語(yǔ)氣的判斷。例如:IwouldhavecomesoonerbutIdidntknowthattheywerewaitingforme.我本該早一些到,但我不知道他們?cè)诘任?。Borninbettertimes(=Ifhehadborninbettertimes),hewouldhavebeenascholar.如果出生在更好的時(shí)代,他早就成為學(xué)者了。Afewhoursearlier(=Ifyouhadcomeafewhoursearlier),youwouldhavebeenabletomeetthefamouswriter.要是你早來(lái)幾個(gè)小時(shí),你就能見(jiàn)到這位著名的作家了。,一,二,三,3.虛擬語(yǔ)氣在名詞性從句中的運(yùn)用(1)wish后面的賓語(yǔ)從句一般用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,表示一種不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成形式為:過(guò)去時(shí):表示現(xiàn)在不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望過(guò)去完成時(shí):表示過(guò)去不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望could/would/might+動(dòng)詞原形:表示將來(lái)不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望例如:Iwish(that)Iwereabirdandcouldflyfreelyinthesky.我希望我是只小鳥(niǎo),能在天空自由飛翔。,一,二,三,(2)在主語(yǔ)從句中,下面的幾種情況謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”,should可省略。“Itis+形容詞+that.”句型。常見(jiàn)的形容詞有important,necessary,natural,funny,strange,surprising,astonishing等。如:Itisnecessarythatwe(should)masteraforeignlanguage.我們掌握一門(mén)外語(yǔ)是有必要的。“Itis+名詞+that.”句型。常見(jiàn)的名詞有advice,suggestion,proposal(提議,建議),requirement,desire,order等。如:Itwasapitythatyoushouldbesocareless.你這么粗心真是可惜。,一,二,三,“Itis+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞+that.”句型。常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞有advise,order,propose,request,suggest,demand,require等。如:Itwasorderedthatparking(should)notbeallowedinfrontofthebuilding.規(guī)定樓前不準(zhǔn)停車(chē)。(3)在下列動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”,should可省略。這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有:insist,urge,order,command,request,demand,require,suggest,advise,propose,recommend等。如:Shesuggestedwe(should)leavehereatonce.她建議我們馬上離開(kāi)。,一,二,三,insist/suggest各有兩種意思,要用不同的語(yǔ)氣。insist表示“堅(jiān)決要求”時(shí),用虛擬形式,即should+do;表示“堅(jiān)稱(chēng),堅(jiān)持說(shuō)”時(shí),用陳述語(yǔ)氣,表示事實(shí)。suggest表示“建議”時(shí),用虛擬形式;表示“表明,暗示”時(shí),用陳述語(yǔ)氣。Herpalefacesuggestedthatshewasill,andherparentssuggestedthatshehaveamedicalexamination.她蒼白的臉色說(shuō)明她病了,她的父母建議她做個(gè)醫(yī)療檢查。Heinsistedthatshewasseriouslyillandthat(should)besenttohospitalatonce.他堅(jiān)稱(chēng)她得了重病,并且堅(jiān)決要求她應(yīng)馬上被送往醫(yī)院。,一,二,三,(4)在含有advice,order,demand,proposal(提議),requirement,suggestion等名詞的表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”,should可省略。如:Myadviceisthatyou(should)treatherwell.我的忠告是你應(yīng)該善待她。Hemakesthedemandthatshe(should)leavetheplaceatonce.他要求她立刻離開(kāi)這個(gè)地方。(5)wouldrather后面的賓語(yǔ)從句一般用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,表示愿望,意為“寧愿,但愿”。其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成形式為:一般過(guò)去時(shí):表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的情況的虛擬過(guò)去完成時(shí):表示對(duì)過(guò)去的情況的虛擬Georgeisgoingtotalkaboutthegeographyofhiscountry,butIdratherhefocusedmoreonitsculture.喬治將要談?wù)撽P(guān)于他的國(guó)家的地理情況,但是我寧愿他更多地關(guān)注它的文化。,一,二,三,4.虛擬語(yǔ)氣在定語(yǔ)從句中的用法在“Itis(high/about)time(that).句型”中,定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式,或用should+動(dòng)詞原形(其中should通常不省略)。此句型意為“(現(xiàn)在)該”,用來(lái)表示提議。Itis(high)timethatyouwenttoschool.你該去上學(xué)了。5.asif/asthough引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句和方式狀語(yǔ)從句中常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。,Hestoodupandofferedherhisseat,asifhehadreadhermind.他站起來(lái)給她讓座,他好像讀懂了她的心思。,一,二,三,6.在ifonly引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中,常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,表示愿望,意為“要是就好了”。Ifonly+句子相當(dāng)于HowIwish+that從句。Lookatthetroublewerein.Ifonlywehadtakenourteachersadvice!看看我們所處的困境,要是我們接受老師的建議就好了!,.完成句子(高考真題變式訓(xùn)練)1.Peoplearerecyclingmanythingswhichthey(throw)awayinthepast!2.Ihaveawordwithyou?Itwonttakelong.3.AlthoughyoufindbargainsinLondon,itsnotgenerallyacheapplacetoshop.4.therenomoderntelecommunications,wewouldhavetowaitforweekstogetnewsfromaroundtheworld.5.IfMrDewey(be)present,hewouldhaveofferedanypossibleassistancetothepeoplethere.6.Ivepreparedallkindsoffoodforthepicnic.Doyoumeanwebringanythingwithus?,wouldhavethrown,Can,can,Were,hadbeen,neednt,7.Itwassadtomethatthey,sopoorthemselves,bringmefood.8.Lifeisunpredictable;eventhepoorestbecometherichest.9.Wewouldratherourdaughter(stay)athomewithus,butitisherchoice,andsheisnotachildanylonger.10.IstillremembermyhappychildhoodwhenmymothertakemetoDisneylandatweekends.,should,might,stayed,would,.單句改錯(cuò)1.Ifonlyhelayquietlyasthedoctorinstructed,hewouldnotsuffersomuchnow.2.HowIwisheveryfamilyhasalargehousewithabeautifulgarden!3.Iinsistedhewenttoseeadoctor,butheinsistednothingwaswrongwithhim.4.Yourauntinvitesyoutothemoviestoday.Iwouldrathershewilltellmetomorrowthantoday.5.Wouldyouhavecalledherup?Yes,butIhadbeenbusydoingmyhomework.,答案:layhadlain,答案:hashad,答案:wentgo/shouldgo,答案:willtelltold,答案:hadbeenwas,6.Itgotitsnamefromthewoodenwallthatwasusedtostandwherethestreetnowruns.7.Ipickedupthisbookfromasecond-handbookshopifyoushouldknow.8.IfyouwontdoasItellyou,youcantgetthechancetobepromotedbecausethecompetitionisjusttoofierce.9.Martinhasntbeenintouchwithmeforages.Hemustntgetmynewcellphonenumber.10.Thedoorcouldntopen,nomatterhowhardshepushed.,答案:去掉was,答案:shouldmust,答案:cantshant,答案:mustntcant,答案:couldntwouldnt,