高考英語總復(fù)習(xí) 語法專項 專題6 情態(tài)動詞與虛擬語氣課件 新人教版.ppt

一,二,三,一、考查情態(tài)動詞的基本含義和用法(一)can與could1.表示能力,could主要指過去的能力,表示“過去有能力成功做成某事”時通常用was/wereableto。Thelittleboycanspeaktwoforeignlanguages.Couldthegirlreadbeforeshewenttoschool?Everyonewasabletoescapewhenthefirebrokeout.2.表示可能(理論上或是邏輯判斷上,并不涉及此事真的發(fā)生),常譯為“往往會,有時候可能會”,常用于肯定句中。Accidentscanhappenonrainydays.3.表示請求和允許。在問句中could比can語氣要委婉。Youcangobackhomenow.,一,二,三,4.表示驚異、懷疑、不相信等態(tài)度。主要用于否定句、疑問句或感嘆句中。Howcanyoubesocareless?5.表示推測,常用于否定句和疑問句中,語氣較強。Hecantbeintheclassroom;thelightisnoton.6.cannot/never.too/enough.表示“再也不為過”。Youcanneverbetoocarefulwhendrivingacar.7.cannotbutdosth./cannothelpbutdosth./cannotchoosebutdosth.表示“不得不,只好做某事”。Youcannotchoosebutgowithme.,一,二,三,(二)shall1.用于第二、三人稱的陳述句中,表示命令、許諾、警告、強制、威脅、決心等;此外,頒布法律、規(guī)定時也用shall。Thenewlawshallcomeintoeffectnextmonth.2.用于第一、三人稱的疑問句中,表示說話人征求對方的意見或向?qū)Ψ街甘尽hallthemanstandingoutsidehaveatry?,一,二,三,(三)must1.表示主觀上的“必須,應(yīng)該”,其否定形式mustnt表示禁止。對比:haveto表示客觀上的“不得不”,可用于各種時態(tài)。Youmustlistencarefullyinclass.Studentsmustntplaywithmobilephonesinclass.Ihadlostmykey,soIhadtowaitoutdoors.2.表示“非要,偏要”做某事,表達出說話者的一種不滿情緒。Whymustyoubetalkingsoloudlywhenothersaresleeping?3.表示對具體事情的推測,意為“一定,肯定”,語氣較強,只用于肯定句中。HemustcomefromAmerica.,一,二,三,(四)should1.表示義務(wù),常譯為“應(yīng)該”,用于各種人稱。Parentsshouldtakecareoftheirbabies.2.表示預(yù)測可能性,譯為“可能,(按道理)應(yīng)該”,多指對未來合乎理想的情況或結(jié)果的一種期盼。Itsnearly8oclock.Heshouldbehereatthemoment.3.表示驚訝、意外等,常譯為“竟然,居然”。Iamsurprisedthatyoushouldspeakillofme.4.用在if條件句中,表示可能性很小的一種虛擬語氣,常譯為“如果”。IfIshouldseehim,Iwouldtellhimthenews.,一,二,三,(五)will與would1.表示意愿,用于各種人稱的陳述句中。would常指過去的意愿。Ifyouwillreadthebook,Illgiveittoyou.2.表示請求,用于疑問句中。would語氣較委婉。Willyouclosethewindow?3.表示某種傾向或習(xí)慣性動作,常譯為“總是,慣于”。would可表示過去反復(fù)發(fā)生的動作或某種傾向,后面接表示動作的動詞,不能接表示狀態(tài)的詞。對比:usedto表示過去的習(xí)慣動作或狀態(tài),強調(diào)現(xiàn)在已不存在。Hewouldsitintheparkwhichusedtobeafactoryreadingforhours.,一,二,三,(六)may與might1.表示請求、允許、許可,might比may語氣委婉。Youmayusemybike.2.表示推測,常用于陳述句中,語氣比較弱,把握性不大。might語氣比may還要弱。Hemaygoout.3.mayaswell+動詞原形,意為“最好,倒不如”。Youmayaswelldoitatonce.4.maywell+動詞原形,意為“完全能,很可能”。Herappearancehaschangedsomuchthatyoumaywellnotrecognizeatfirstsight.5.may用于祈使句中,表示祝愿。Mayyoureturninsafety.,一,二,三,(七)need與dare1.二者都可以作為情態(tài)動詞和行為動詞。當作情態(tài)動詞時,后面要接動詞原形,通常用于否定句、疑問句和條件句中。用作行為動詞時,其變化和一般的動詞相同,有人稱和數(shù)的變化,構(gòu)成否定句和疑問句時要借助于助動詞do,does,did。dare用作行為動詞,用于否定句和疑問句時,常省略后面的to。Youneednthurry;heneedstodressup.Thelittledidntdare(to)gooutatnightalone.2.need作行為動詞時,若主語為動作的承受者時用動詞的主動形式表示被動意義或用不定式的被動形式。Thehouseneedsrepairing.=Thehouseneedstoberepaired.3.Idaresay為習(xí)慣說法,意為“我想,大概”。Idaresayshedarenotspeaktoherfatherinthismanner.,一,二,三,二、考查“情態(tài)動詞+havedone”的用法1.表示后怕、責備或遺憾,一,二,三,2.表示對過去事實的推斷,一,二,三,三、了解虛擬語氣的基本知識1.虛擬條件句,一,二,三,例如:Wewouldgowithyouifwehadtime.如果我們有時間,就和你一起去。Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldnothavefailedintheexams.如果你早聽了我的建議,你考試就能通過了。Ifitshouldrainthisafternoon,thebasketballmatchwouldbeputoff.要是今天下午下雨,籃球比賽就延期舉行。,(1)錯綜時間條件句在句子Ifyouhadworkedhardyesterday,youwouldbetirednow.(如果你昨天工作很辛苦的話,那你現(xiàn)在就會很疲勞。)中,主句的動作和從句的動作發(fā)生的時間不一致。(2)如果虛擬條件句中含有were/had/should,有時可把if省略,將were/had/should提至主語之前,形成倒裝句;但否定形式的not不可提到主語前。,一,二,三,2.含蓄條件句有時假設(shè)的情況并不以條件從句表示,而是由otherwise,but,or,without等介詞或副詞來表示虛擬條件。有時亦可用分詞短語或者名詞短語來代替條件狀語從句,要注意對語氣的判斷。例如:IwouldhavecomesoonerbutIdidntknowthattheywerewaitingforme.我本該早一些到,但我不知道他們在等我。Borninbettertimes(=Ifhehadborninbettertimes),hewouldhavebeenascholar.如果出生在更好的時代,他早就成為學(xué)者了。Afewhoursearlier(=Ifyouhadcomeafewhoursearlier),youwouldhavebeenabletomeetthefamouswriter.要是你早來幾個小時,你就能見到這位著名的作家了。,一,二,三,3.虛擬語氣在名詞性從句中的運用(1)wish后面的賓語從句一般用虛擬語氣,表示一種不可能實現(xiàn)的愿望。其謂語動詞構(gòu)成形式為:過去時:表示現(xiàn)在不可能實現(xiàn)的愿望過去完成時:表示過去不可能實現(xiàn)的愿望could/would/might+動詞原形:表示將來不可能實現(xiàn)的愿望例如:Iwish(that)Iwereabirdandcouldflyfreelyinthesky.我希望我是只小鳥,能在天空自由飛翔。,一,二,三,(2)在主語從句中,下面的幾種情況謂語動詞通常用“should+動詞原形”,should可省略?！癐tis+形容詞+that.”句型。常見的形容詞有important,necessary,natural,funny,strange,surprising,astonishing等。如:Itisnecessarythatwe(should)masteraforeignlanguage.我們掌握一門外語是有必要的?！癐tis+名詞+that.”句型。常見的名詞有advice,suggestion,proposal(提議,建議),requirement,desire,order等。如:Itwasapitythatyoushouldbesocareless.你這么粗心真是可惜。,一,二,三,“Itis+動詞的過去分詞+that.”句型。常見的動詞有advise,order,propose,request,suggest,demand,require等。如:Itwasorderedthatparking(should)notbeallowedinfrontofthebuilding.規(guī)定樓前不準停車。(3)在下列動詞后的賓語從句中,謂語動詞用“should+動詞原形”,should可省略。這類動詞有:insist,urge,order,command,request,demand,require,suggest,advise,propose,recommend等。如:Shesuggestedwe(should)leavehereatonce.她建議我們馬上離開。,一,二,三,insist/suggest各有兩種意思,要用不同的語氣。insist表示“堅決要求”時,用虛擬形式,即should+do;表示“堅稱,堅持說”時,用陳述語氣,表示事實。suggest表示“建議”時,用虛擬形式;表示“表明,暗示”時,用陳述語氣。Herpalefacesuggestedthatshewasill,andherparentssuggestedthatshehaveamedicalexamination.她蒼白的臉色說明她病了,她的父母建議她做個醫(yī)療檢查。Heinsistedthatshewasseriouslyillandthat(should)besenttohospitalatonce.他堅稱她得了重病,并且堅決要求她應(yīng)馬上被送往醫(yī)院。,一,二,三,(4)在含有advice,order,demand,proposal(提議),requirement,suggestion等名詞的表語從句、同位語從句中,謂語動詞用“should+動詞原形”,should可省略。如:Myadviceisthatyou(should)treatherwell.我的忠告是你應(yīng)該善待她。Hemakesthedemandthatshe(should)leavetheplaceatonce.他要求她立刻離開這個地方。(5)wouldrather后面的賓語從句一般用虛擬語氣,表示愿望,意為“寧愿,但愿”。其謂語動詞構(gòu)成形式為:一般過去時:表示對現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼那闆r的虛擬過去完成時:表示對過去的情況的虛擬Georgeisgoingtotalkaboutthegeographyofhiscountry,butIdratherhefocusedmoreonitsculture.喬治將要談?wù)撽P(guān)于他的國家的地理情況,但是我寧愿他更多地關(guān)注它的文化。,一,二,三,4.虛擬語氣在定語從句中的用法在“Itis(high/about)time(that).句型”中,定語從句的謂語動詞用過去式,或用should+動詞原形(其中should通常不省略)。此句型意為“(現(xiàn)在)該”,用來表示提議。Itis(high)timethatyouwenttoschool.你該去上學(xué)了。5.asif/asthough引導(dǎo)的表語從句和方式狀語從句中常用虛擬語氣。,Hestoodupandofferedherhisseat,asifhehadreadhermind.他站起來給她讓座,他好像讀懂了她的心思。,一,二,三,6.在ifonly引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中,常用虛擬語氣,表示愿望,意為“要是就好了”。Ifonly+句子相當于HowIwish+that從句。Lookatthetroublewerein.Ifonlywehadtakenourteachersadvice!看看我們所處的困境,要是我們接受老師的建議就好了!,.完成句子(高考真題變式訓(xùn)練)1.Peoplearerecyclingmanythingswhichthey(throw)awayinthepast!2.Ihaveawordwithyou?Itwonttakelong.3.AlthoughyoufindbargainsinLondon,itsnotgenerallyacheapplacetoshop.4.therenomoderntelecommunications,wewouldhavetowaitforweekstogetnewsfromaroundtheworld.5.IfMrDewey(be)present,hewouldhaveofferedanypossibleassistancetothepeoplethere.6.Ivepreparedallkindsoffoodforthepicnic.Doyoumeanwebringanythingwithus?,wouldhavethrown,Can,can,Were,hadbeen,neednt,7.Itwassadtomethatthey,sopoorthemselves,bringmefood.8.Lifeisunpredictable;eventhepoorestbecometherichest.9.Wewouldratherourdaughter(stay)athomewithus,butitisherchoice,andsheisnotachildanylonger.10.IstillremembermyhappychildhoodwhenmymothertakemetoDisneylandatweekends.,should,might,stayed,would,.單句改錯1.Ifonlyhelayquietlyasthedoctorinstructed,hewouldnotsuffersomuchnow.2.HowIwisheveryfamilyhasalargehousewithabeautifulgarden!3.Iinsistedhewenttoseeadoctor,butheinsistednothingwaswrongwithhim.4.Yourauntinvitesyoutothemoviestoday.Iwouldrathershewilltellmetomorrowthantoday.5.Wouldyouhavecalledherup?Yes,butIhadbeenbusydoingmyhomework.,答案:layhadlain,答案:hashad,答案:wentgo/shouldgo,答案:willtelltold,答案:hadbeenwas,6.Itgotitsnamefromthewoodenwallthatwasusedtostandwherethestreetnowruns.7.Ipickedupthisbookfromasecond-handbookshopifyoushouldknow.8.IfyouwontdoasItellyou,youcantgetthechancetobepromotedbecausethecompetitionisjusttoofierce.9.Martinhasntbeenintouchwithmeforages.Hemustntgetmynewcellphonenumber.10.Thedoorcouldntopen,nomatterhowhardshepushed.,答案:去掉was,答案:shouldmust,答案:cantshant,答案:mustntcant,答案:couldntwouldnt,