《基礎(chǔ)醫(yī)學(xué)英語(yǔ)》PPT課件.ppt

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Unit1,Holism,Word-Formation,homeo-相同，象；同一，同,(homeostasis),hypno-睡眠,（hypnosis/hypnotic/hypnotherapy）,psych/o心理，精神,(psychotherapy),ovari/o-卵巢,(ovarian),splen/o脾,(spleen),leuk/o白,(leukemia),lymph/o淋巴,(lymphoma),melan/o黑色,(melanoma),onco-瘤，腫,(oncology),anti-抗,防止,(antioxidant),tox/o毒，毒素,(genotoxic),intra-內(nèi)，內(nèi)部的,(intravenous),crani/o顱骨,(craniosacral),-ic的,(psychosomatic),-iatry醫(yī)療術(shù)，醫(yī)治法,(psychiatry),diet飲食,(dietitian),chemo-化學(xué),(chemotherapy),oxy-氧，氧化,(antioxidant),ven/o-,ven/i-靜脈,(venous),-stasis停滯，淤積,(homeostasis),-osis狀態(tài)，病態(tài)，病，癥,(hypnosis),-therapy治療,(chemotherapy),-emia血癥,(leukemia),-oma腫瘤,(melanoma),-logy學(xué)科，研究,(oncology),-ant劑,(antioxidant),-ous的,有的,分泌的,(venous),整體醫(yī)學(xué)的發(fā)展概況21世紀(jì)社會(huì)的發(fā)展以人為本，人的發(fā)展以健康為本。人是一個(gè)不可侵害的有機(jī)整體，人所需要的衛(wèi)生服務(wù)是整體性的服務(wù)，要提高這種服務(wù)必須樹立整體醫(yī)學(xué)觀，掌握系統(tǒng)整體的思維方式，開展生物-心理-社會(huì)醫(yī)學(xué)模式，做好以患者為中心而不是以疾病為中心的服務(wù)。,BackgroundKnowledge,醫(yī)學(xué)觀就是醫(yī)學(xué)工作者對(duì)醫(yī)學(xué)的本質(zhì)、構(gòu)成和目的的根本看法。整體醫(yī)學(xué)觀就是用整體觀認(rèn)識(shí)醫(yī)學(xué)的各個(gè)要素。世界上的任何事物都可以被看成是一個(gè)有一定內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)的系統(tǒng)整體，生命系統(tǒng)是按照從低級(jí)到高級(jí)的嚴(yán)格系統(tǒng)程序組成，也是從簡(jiǎn)單的原子開始，逐漸從低級(jí)到高級(jí)發(fā)展起來的。從分子細(xì)胞組織器官系統(tǒng)軀體個(gè)人兩個(gè)人家庭社會(huì)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。部分與整體之間存在著對(duì)立統(tǒng)一的辯證關(guān)系。整體總是由相互聯(lián)系、相互制約的各個(gè)部分構(gòu)成，沒有部分的整體和脫離整體的部分都是毫無意義的。,黑格爾曾指出：“一只手，如果從身體上割下來，按照名稱仍然可以稱為手，但按其實(shí)質(zhì)來說，已經(jīng)不是手了。”醫(yī)學(xué)的整體觀要求把醫(yī)學(xué)看成一個(gè)有機(jī)整體，從整體上來認(rèn)識(shí)醫(yī)學(xué)的性質(zhì)、對(duì)象和目的。整體醫(yī)學(xué)從廣義上是指從總體上研究醫(yī)學(xué)的結(jié)構(gòu)及其與各分體的關(guān)系，探討各個(gè)學(xué)科的發(fā)生、發(fā)展和演變規(guī)律的科學(xué)。亦即高度綜合的人體生命科學(xué)。在狹義上，它是指從整體水平出發(fā)，將人體看作是一個(gè)具有“自穩(wěn)態(tài)”性質(zhì)的開放系統(tǒng)，研究人與自然以及人體內(nèi)部各器官間信息聯(lián)系的一門醫(yī)學(xué)學(xué)科.,美國(guó)、日本整體醫(yī)學(xué)的概況20世紀(jì)后半期，西方發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家以技術(shù)革新為先導(dǎo)，推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，結(jié)果經(jīng)濟(jì)確實(shí)快速增長(zhǎng)起來，但經(jīng)濟(jì)高速增長(zhǎng)造成的諸多矛盾開始顯露，如環(huán)境的惡化日趨嚴(yán)重等，不少學(xué)者意識(shí)到問題的嚴(yán)重性，著書立說，提出改革或替代方案。對(duì)于醫(yī)療現(xiàn)狀提出的替代方案是“整體健康”。生物醫(yī)學(xué)模式等傳統(tǒng)的理念和做法日益顯露其弊端，現(xiàn)狀促使人們進(jìn)行反思，逐步認(rèn)識(shí)到：身體、精神、環(huán)境不可分離，使它們處于一種相互平衡調(diào)和的狀態(tài)才叫做健康。,美國(guó)在對(duì)越南戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中陣亡士兵的尸體進(jìn)行解剖時(shí)發(fā)展，營(yíng)養(yǎng)供應(yīng)全面的20歲左右的士兵，不少已患了動(dòng)脈硬化。美國(guó)人開始對(duì)自己生活方式及醫(yī)療保健體系的正確性產(chǎn)生懷疑。當(dāng)醫(yī)學(xué)領(lǐng)域的矛盾也同樣在日本顯露出來時(shí)，日本人開始重新重視自己的傳統(tǒng)思想文化，很快地接受了整體的觀念。,整體醫(yī)學(xué)的理論體系，現(xiàn)在尚未正式形成，但已具雛形，大致包括：(1)強(qiáng)調(diào)整體的健康觀；(2)治療的出發(fā)點(diǎn)是激發(fā)自然治愈力；(3)治療疾病的主角是患者自身，治療者不過是援助者；(4)把各種治療方法綜合起來加以應(yīng)用。美國(guó)整體醫(yī)學(xué)的興起，可以說是始于美國(guó)加利福尼亞州巴克萊整體健康中心的設(shè)立。此后，類似的整體健康中心很快在美國(guó)各大城市建立，在全美掀起了一個(gè)整體健康運(yùn)動(dòng)。,1987年，全美整體醫(yī)學(xué)協(xié)會(huì)成立，美國(guó)替代醫(yī)學(xué)的絕數(shù)門類都屬于整體醫(yī)學(xué)范疇。日本整體醫(yī)學(xué)的發(fā)端晚于美國(guó)，但其發(fā)展的勢(shì)頭超過了美國(guó)。這是因?yàn)槿毡驹械臇|洋醫(yī)學(xué)的傳統(tǒng)與整體醫(yī)學(xué)的觀念十分接近，因此，整體醫(yī)學(xué)傳至日本后便很快與東洋醫(yī)學(xué)結(jié)合起來，得到迅速普及。,我國(guó)整體醫(yī)學(xué)發(fā)展概況自從20世紀(jì)80年代我國(guó)實(shí)行改革開放以后，經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)得到迅速的發(fā)展，特別是我國(guó)進(jìn)入WTO后醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生必須適應(yīng)國(guó)際化的要求。21世紀(jì)社會(huì)的發(fā)展以人為本，人的發(fā)展以健康為本，健康才是人生最寶貴的財(cái)富。人是一個(gè)不可侵害的有機(jī)整體，人所需要的衛(wèi)生服務(wù)是一種整體性的服務(wù)，要提供這種服務(wù)必須樹立整體醫(yī)學(xué)觀，掌握系統(tǒng)整體性的思維方式。,隨著醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)的發(fā)展，傳統(tǒng)的生物醫(yī)學(xué)模式正在轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)樯?心理-社會(huì)醫(yī)學(xué)模式，要求臨床醫(yī)務(wù)人員具備的知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)符合這種模式要求，醫(yī)學(xué)院校完善自己的教學(xué)體系成立相應(yīng)的教研室。1979年北京大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院率先成立了醫(yī)學(xué)心理學(xué)教研室，至今幾乎所有的醫(yī)學(xué)學(xué)院已正式開設(shè)了醫(yī)學(xué)心理學(xué)的課程或講座。整體護(hù)理也在各級(jí)醫(yī)院得到深化和推廣。2002年我國(guó)創(chuàng)辦了中華全科醫(yī)生雜志，宣傳、交流、推廣整體醫(yī)學(xué)，使整體醫(yī)學(xué)得到普遍重視。,整體醫(yī)學(xué)的崛起給中醫(yī)藥學(xué)國(guó)際化帶來了機(jī)遇，整體醫(yī)學(xué)與中醫(yī)藥學(xué)的關(guān)系是十分密切的。從理論體系看，整體醫(yī)學(xué)的理論與中醫(yī)藥學(xué)的學(xué)說實(shí)際上是相通的。如黃帝內(nèi)經(jīng)中就提出“人與天地相參”的觀點(diǎn)?！叭伺c天地相參”可以認(rèn)為是黃帝內(nèi)經(jīng)對(duì)醫(yī)學(xué)認(rèn)識(shí)的根本指導(dǎo)思想，其含義可以歸結(jié)為四個(gè)方面：一是人是自然界運(yùn)動(dòng)變化的產(chǎn)物；二是自然界是人類賴以生存的基本條件；三是人體與自然界有著共同規(guī)律；四是人體生理機(jī)制與病理過程受自然界的影響，所以中醫(yī)藥學(xué)與整體醫(yī)學(xué)是相通的。,美國(guó)整體醫(yī)學(xué)主要表現(xiàn)替代療法的常用的十六種方法中，有5種屬中醫(yī)藥學(xué)范疇，日本整體醫(yī)學(xué)界也十分重視中醫(yī)學(xué)的各種療法。中醫(yī)、中藥、針灸、氣功、推拿被廣泛應(yīng)用于倡導(dǎo)整體醫(yī)學(xué)的醫(yī)院、診療所、療養(yǎng)院中，所以整體醫(yī)學(xué)的崛起將給中醫(yī)藥學(xué)的國(guó)際化帶來機(jī)遇。,整體醫(yī)學(xué)發(fā)展趨勢(shì)我國(guó)原有的衛(wèi)生服務(wù)體系采用各種衛(wèi)生服務(wù)相互獨(dú)立、各自為政、垂直管理的模式，分別由相應(yīng)的部門來管理，由專門的機(jī)構(gòu)來實(shí)施，由不同的專業(yè)人員來提供，相互之間缺乏協(xié)調(diào)和合作，難以實(shí)現(xiàn)橫向整合，這種模式不能適應(yīng)社會(huì)發(fā)展的需要。醫(yī)療服務(wù)是一種整體性服務(wù)，特別需要對(duì)衛(wèi)生服務(wù)進(jìn)行橫向整合，加強(qiáng)各部門、系統(tǒng)和人員之間的協(xié)調(diào)和合作，只有這樣才能充分滿足社會(huì)對(duì)衛(wèi)生服務(wù)的要求，才能使有限的衛(wèi)生資源產(chǎn)生最佳的效率和效益。,隨著整體醫(yī)學(xué)在國(guó)內(nèi)外的不斷發(fā)展，一個(gè)整體醫(yī)學(xué)理論體系即將建立，醫(yī)學(xué)研究的對(duì)象更為明確，醫(yī)學(xué)的最終目的將是鑒別疾病、治愈疾病、控制癥狀、預(yù)防疾病、幫助患者適應(yīng)癥狀和環(huán)境，盡可能恢復(fù)功能，滿足患者的需要，改善個(gè)人的生活質(zhì)量，進(jìn)而改善全體人民的生活質(zhì)量。整體醫(yī)學(xué)與中醫(yī)藥學(xué)的關(guān)系密切，整體醫(yī)學(xué)的崛起將給中醫(yī)藥學(xué)的國(guó)際化帶來機(jī)遇。現(xiàn)在應(yīng)解放思想，實(shí)事求是，大膽開拓，使中醫(yī)藥學(xué)進(jìn)一步走向世界。,Groupdiscussion,Whatdoyouknowabout:1.holism2.holisticmedicine3.holistichealth,Holism(fromholos,aGreekwordmeaningall,entire,total)istheideathatallthepropertiesofagivensystem(biological,chemical,social,economic,mental,linguistic,etc.)cannotbedeterminedorexplainedbythesumofitscomponentpartsalone.Instead,thesystemasawholedeterminesinanimportantwayhowthepartsbehave.Thetermholismwascoinedin1926,bytheSouthAfricanstatesmanGeneralJanChristianSmuts.,Introduction,holisticadj.describinganapproachtopatientcareinwhichthephysical,mental,andsocialfactorsinthepatientsconditionaretakenintoaccount,ratherthanjustthediagnoseddisease.Thetermisappliedtoarangeoforthodoxandunorthodoxmethodsoftreatments.機(jī)能整體性的描述照料病人的一種思路：應(yīng)考慮病人的身體、精神、以及社會(huì)等各方面因素，而不是僅僅考慮經(jīng)診斷的疾病。此術(shù)語(yǔ)適用于一系列正統(tǒng)的和非正統(tǒng)的治療方法。,UnderstandingtheText,PartIIntroduction(para.1-3)1.DefinitionofholisticmedicinegivenbyCanadianHolisticMedicalAssociation(para.1-2),AmericanHolisticMedicalAssociation(AHMA)(Foundedin1978)http:/www.holisticmedicine.org/,BritishHolisticMedicalAssociation(BHMA)(Formedin1983)http:/www.bhma.org/new_site/about.php,optimal-adj.thebestormostfavorableordesirablee.g.Anoptimalenvironmentforhealingwellbeing/wellness-n.healthalternate/alternative,DifficultPoints,AlternativeMedicine-替代醫(yī)學(xué)awiderangeoftreatmentsformedicalconditionsthatpeopleuseinsteadoforwithwesternmedicine.Itisoftenusedbythegeneralpublicandsomehealthcarepractitionerstorefertomedicaltechniqueswhicharenotknownoracceptedbythemajorityconventionalmedicalpractitioners.Suchtechniquescouldincludenon-invasive,non-pharmaceuticaltechniquessuchasMedicalHerbalism,Acupunture,hypnotherapy,naturopathyandmanyothers.However,thistermcanalsorefertoanyexperimentaldrugornon-drugtechniquethatisnotcurrentlyacceptedbyconventionalmedicalpractitioners.,2.Holistichealth/holistichealing(para.3)Questions:Whatisholistichealth?Whatisthegoalofholistichealing?,Holistichealthisaphilosophyofmedicalcarethatviewsphysicalandmentalaspectsoflifeascloselyinterconnectedandequallyimportantapproachestotreatment.Holistichealthisnotitselfamethodoftreatment,butisanapproachtohowtreatmentshouldbeapplied.,DifficultPoints,takesabroaderspectrumofmind,body,andspirit(para.3)spectrum-range,field,scope領(lǐng)域,范圍;譜;系e.g.broad-spectrumantibiotic廣譜抗生素healer(para.3)-apersonskilledinaparticulartypeoftherapy(Synonym:therapist),PartIIOverview(para.4-5),Questions:1.Whatarethehealthylifestylehabitspromotedbyhealthprofessionals?2.Whatdoesaholisticapproachgenerallymeaninmainstreammedicine?,Mainstreammedicine/careComplementarytherapy/medicinePreventivecare/publichealthHealthprofessionals/providersAmoreinclusiveapproachtoapersonshealth,DifficultPoints,Mainstream/Conventionalmedicinee.g.chemotherapysurgeryradiationtherapyhormonetherapy,ComplementaryMedicine補(bǔ)充醫(yī)學(xué),Anon-mainstreamhealthcareprovidedinadditionorinsteadofstandardmedicalpractice.Itisoftenusedbyconventionalmedicalpractitionerstorefertonon-invasive,non-pharmaceuticaltechniquesusedasacomplementtoconventionalmedicaltreatmentssuchasdrugsandsurgery.Thetermimpliesthatconventionalmedicineisusedasaprimarytoolandthenon-invasive,non-pharmaceuticaltechniquesareusedasasupplementwhenneeded.,Preventivecareisasetofmeasurestakeninadvanceofsymptomstopreventillnessorinjury.Thistypeofcareisbestexemplifiedbyroutinephysicalexaminationsandimmunizations.Theemphasisisonpreventingillnessesbeforetheyoccur.(compare:Publichealth),healthcareprovider/healthprofessional-Ahealthcareproviderorhealthprofessionalisanorganizationorpersonwhodeliversproperhealthcareinasystematicwayprofessionallytoanyindividualinneedofhealthcareservices.Healthcareprofessionalsincludephysicians,physicianassistants,supportstaff,nurses,pharmacists,therapists,psychologists,veterinarians(獸醫(yī)),dentists,optometrists(配鏡師),andawidevarietyofotherindividualsregulatedand/orlicensedtoprovidesometypeofhealthcare.,Amoreinclusiveapproachtoapersonshealth(para.5),inclusiveadj.-1)coveringawidescope;involvingmuchoreverything;2)all-around,general,comprehensive,e.g.gender-inclusive不分性別的all-inclusive包羅萬(wàn)象的,PartIIIPromotionofUse(para.6-7),Questions:1.Whatarethecomplementarytherapiesmentionedinpara.6?2.Whatarethedifferentkindsofcancerclaimedtobecuredbyholisticmethodsinpara.7?,DifficultPoints,anecdotal(para.7)-informal(unscientific）ArttherapyHypnosisImageryMeditationPsychotherapySpiritualityandprayeryoga,ArtTherapy藝術(shù)療法Othercommonnames:creativeartstherapy,expressiveartstherapyArttherapyisusedtohelppeoplemanagephysicalandemotionalproblemsbyusingcreativeactivitiestoexpressemotions.Itprovidesawayforpeopletocometotermswithemotionalconflicts,increaseself-awareness,andexpressunspokenandoftenunconsciousconcernsabouttheirillnessandtheirlives.Expressiveartstherapyorcreativeartstherapymayalsoincludedanceandmovement,drama,poetry,phototherapyandothers,aswellasthemoretraditionalartmethods.,Hypnosis催眠療法Othercommonnames:Hypnotherapy,HypnoticSuggestion,Self-HypnosisHypnosisisastateofrestfulalertnessduringwhichapersonusesdeeplyfocusedconcentration.Thepersoncanberelativelyunawareof,butnotcompletelyblindto,herorhissurroundings,andmaybemoreopentosuggestion.Itisconsideredtobeatypeofcomplementarytherapy.,Imagery想象(療法)Othercommonnames:GuidedImagery,VisualizationImageryinvolvesmentalexercisesdesignedtoallowthemindtoinfluencethehealthandwellbeingofthebody.,Meditation冥想(療法)Othercommonnames:mindfulnessmeditation,transcendentalmeditationMeditationisamind-bodyprocessthatusesconcentrationorreflectiontorelaxthebodyandcalmthemind.Ithasbeendefinedastheintentionalself-regulationofattention,amentalfocusonaparticularaspectofonesinnerorouterexperience.OnecommonlypracticedtypeisTranscendentalMeditation,whichinvolvesrepeatingawordorphrase,eithersilentlyoraloud.Anotherismindfulnessmeditation,inwhichapersonobservessensations,perceptions,andthoughtswithoutjudgmentastheyarise.,Psychotherapy心理/精神療法Othercommonnames:Therapy,Counseling,PsychologicalIntervention,PsychotherapeuticTreatmentPsychotherapycoversawiderangeofapproachesdesignedtohelppeoplechangetheirwaysofthinking,feeling,orbehaving.,SpiritualityandPrayer宗教/精神療法Othercommonnames:Religion,spiritualhealingSpiritualityisgenerallydescribedasanawarenessofsomethinggreaterthantheindividualself.Itisoftenexpressedthroughreligionand/orprayer,althoughtherearemanyotherpathsofspiritualpursuitandexpression.,Yoga瑜珈Othercommonname:HathaYogaYogaisaformofnon-aerobicexercisethatinvolvesaprogramofpreciseposture,breathingexercises,andmeditation.Yogacanbeausefulmethodtohelprelievesomesymptomsofchronicdiseasessuchascancer,arthritis,andheartdiseaseandcanleadtoincreasedrelaxationandphysicalfitness.Availablescientificevidencedoesnotsupportyogaasaneffectivetreatmentforcanceroranyotherdisease;however,itmayenhancequalityoflife.Somecancertreatmentcentersevenofferyogainadditiontostandardmedicaltreatment.,PartIVCoverage(para.8-11),Questions:1.Whatdoallpractitionersstresswhentheyarepracticingholisticmedicine?(Para.8)2.Whatdoesholisticmedicineinvolve?(Para.9-10),DifficultPoints,Helicobacterpylorisupplement:補(bǔ)品(natural/botanical/health/dietary/nutritional)syntheticinterferonhealingtouch,HelicobacterPylori:幽門螺桿菌Helicobacterpyloriisabacteriumthatinfectsthemucusliningofthehumanstomach.ManypepticulcersandsometypesofgastritisarecausedbyH.pyloriinfection,althoughmosthumanswhoareinfectedwillneverdevelopsymptoms.Thisbacteriumlivesinthehumanstomachexclusivelyandistheonlyknownorganismthatcanthriveinthathighlyacidicenvironment.Itishelix-shaped(hencethenamehelicobacter)andcanliterallyscrewitselfintothestomachliningtocolonize.(helix-螺旋線),早在一個(gè)世紀(jì)前就有人發(fā)現(xiàn)胃內(nèi)存在一種螺旋狀微生物，由于長(zhǎng)期未能分離而未受到重視。直至1983年澳大利亞佩思皇家醫(yī)院的Warren和Marshall報(bào)道從胃內(nèi)成功地分離出“未鑒定的彎曲狀桿菌”(unidentifiedcurvedbacilli)后,才引起醫(yī)學(xué)界的廣泛興趣，從各方面進(jìn)行了深入的研究。人們?cè)谘芯窟@種細(xì)菌的生物學(xué)物性時(shí)，曾幾次對(duì)其易名，直到1989年才正式將其命名為:幽門螺桿菌（Helicobacterpylori,Hp）,interferons干擾素-small,naturalorsyntheticproteinandglycoproteincytokines(細(xì)胞素)thatareproducedbyleucocytes,T-lymphocytes,andfibroblasts(成纖維細(xì)胞)inresponsetoinfectionandotherbiologicalstimuli.Incancertreatment,theyareusedasimmunotherapyagainsttheproliferation(增生)ofcancercells.,Healingtouch觸摸治療,HealingTouchisarelaxing,nurturingenergytherapy.Gentletouchassistsinbalancingyourphysical,mental,emotional,andspiritualwell-being.HealingTouchworkswithyourenergyfieldtosupportyournaturalabilitytoheal.Itissafeforallagesandworksinharmonywithstandardmedicalcare.,HealingTouchisusedinawidevarietyofsettingsincludinghospitals,longtermcarefacilities,privatepractices,hospices(臨終關(guān)懷醫(yī)院),andspas(療養(yǎng)院).JanetMentgen,RN,foundedHealingTouchin1989asacontinuingeducationprogramfornurses,otherhealthcareprofessionals,andlaypersons.TodayHealingTouchhasspreadinternationallyandistaughtinuniversities,medicalandnursingschools,andothersettingsinternationally.,ReducingstressCalminganxiety,depressionDecreasingpainStrengtheningtheimmunesystemEnhancingrecoveryfromsurgeryCompletingcareforneckandbackproblemsSupportingcancercareCreatingasenseofwell-beingEasingacuteandchronicconditions,Someofthebenefitsofhealingtouch,PartVAshorthistory(para.12-13)PartVIScientificevidence(para.14-15),Questions:1.Whydoesscientificresearchgenerallynotfocusonholisticmedicineitselfasacureforcanceroranyotherdisease?(Para.14)2.Accordingtohealthprofessionals,whatdoesapersonshealthdependon?(Para.15),DifficultPoints,cost-effective(para.14)-adj.economicalintermsofthegoodsorservicesreceivedforthemoneyspent.成本效益高的,經(jīng)濟(jì)的,上算的,劃得來的clergy(para.15)-n.clergymen,thebodyofpeopleordainedforreligiousservice.牧師;教士,PartVIIPossibleproblemsorcomplications(para.16)Question:Inyouropinion,whatlimitationdoesholisticmedicinehave?,OtherTermsAssociatedwithHolisticMedicine,NaturopathyHomeopathy(homoeopathy)Allopathy,Naturopathicmedicine(alsoknownasnaturopathy,ornaturalmedicine)isacomplementaryandalternativemedicinewhichemphasizesthebodysintrinsicabilitytohealandmaintainitself.Naturopathsprefertousenaturalremediessuchasherbsandfoodsratherthansurgeryorsyntheticdrugs.Naturopathicpracticeincludesmanydifferentmodalities.Practitionersemphasizeaholisticapproachtopatientcare,andmayrecommendpatientsuseconventionalmedicinealongsidetheirtreatments.,Homeopathy(homoeopathy)Asystemofmedicinebasedonthetheorythatlikecureslike.Thepatientistreatedwithextremelysmallquantitiesofdrugsthatarethemselvescapableofproducingsymptomsofhisparticulardisease.ThesystemwasfoundedbySamuelhahnemann(1755-1843)attheendof18thcenturyandisfollowedbyaminorityofdoctorsintheUK.ThereisaRoyalLondonHomeopathicHospital.,順勢(shì)療法以“以毒攻毒”理論為基礎(chǔ)的醫(yī)學(xué)體系。用極小量的藥物治療病人，而該藥本身就能產(chǎn)生病人所患疾病的癥狀。該體系由創(chuàng)立于18世紀(jì)末，目前在英國(guó)仍被少數(shù)醫(yī)生沿用。并有一所倫敦皇家順勢(shì)療法醫(yī)院。homeopathic(homoeopathic)adj.(1)oforrelatingtohomeopathy順勢(shì)療法的，與順勢(shì)療法有關(guān)的(2)infinitesimallysmall,asappliedtothedoseofadrug極小的（指一藥物的劑量）,Allopathyisatermforconventionalmedicine,usedmostfrequentlybyitscritics.ThewordwascoinedbySamuelHahnemann.Allopathyn.-theorthodoxsystemofmedicine,inwhichtheuseofdrugsisdirectedtoproducingeffectsinthebodythatwilldirectlyopposeandsoalleviatethesymptomsofadisease.對(duì)抗療法一種傳統(tǒng)的醫(yī)療體系，藥物使用的目的為在體內(nèi)直接對(duì)疾病癥狀產(chǎn)生作用而加以緩解。,PhrasesintheText,1.holisticmedicine/health/healing2.alternative/alternatemedicine3.modalitiesofdiagnosisandtreatment4.mainstream/conventionalmedicine(care)5.healthprofessionals/plementarytherapy7.preventivecare,8.radiation/hormonetherapy9.oralhygiene10.genotoxicagents11.syntheticinterferon12.sideeffects13.physicaltherapists,