初三英語過去完成時講解與練習(xí).doc

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過去完成時 2013.7.13 育安學(xué)校新初三英語課 　初中英語過去完成時 1、 過去完成時的概念與結(jié)構(gòu)特點 概念：過去完成時表示在過去某一時間或動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動作，即“過去的過去（past-in-the-past）”。 ----|--------------------------|-------------------------------|----------------------------> 那時以前　那時　現(xiàn)在　　　　　　 　　構(gòu)成：過去完成時由“助動詞had+過去分詞”構(gòu)成，其中had通用于各種人稱。 　　Theyhadalreadyhadbreakfastbeforetheyarrivedatthehotel. 　　Shehadfinishedwritingthecompositionby10：00thismorning. 二、過去完成時的判斷依據(jù) 1.由時間狀語來判定 一般說來，各種時態(tài)都有特定的時間狀語。與過去完成時連用的時間狀語有： （1）by+過去的時間點。如： Ihadfinishedreadingthenovelbynineoclocklastnight. （2）bytheendof+過去的時間點。如： WehadlearnedovertwothousandEnglishwordsbytheendoflastterm.（3）before+過去的時間點。如： TheyhadplantedsixhundredtreesbeforelastWednesday. 2.由“過去的過去”來判定。 過去完成時表示“過去的過去”，是指過去某一動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動作，即動作有先后關(guān)系，動作在前的用過去完成時，在后的用一般過去時。這種用法常出現(xiàn)在： （1）賓語從句中 　　當(dāng)賓語從句的主句為一般過去時，且從句的動作先于主句的動作時，從句要用過去完成時。在told,said,knew,heard,thought等動詞后的賓語從句。如： 　　Shesaidthatshehadseenthefilmbefore. （2）狀語從句中 　　在時間、條件、原因、方式等狀語從句中，主、從句的動作發(fā)生有先后關(guān)系，動作在前的，要用過去完成時，動作在后的要用一般過去時。如： 　　WhenIgottothestation,thetrainhadalreadyleft. 　　Afterhehadfinishedhishomework,hewenttobed. 　　注意：before,after引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中，由于before和after本身已表達了動作的先后關(guān)系，若主、從句表示的動作緊密相連，則主、從句都用一般過去時。如： 　　Wheredidyoustudybeforeyoucamehere? Afterheclosedthedoor,helefttheclassroom. （3）表示意向的動詞，如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等，用過去完成時表示"原本…，未能…" Wehadhopedthatyouwouldcome,butyoudidnt. 3.根據(jù)上、下文來判定。 　　ImetWangTaointhestreetyesterday.WehadntseeneachothersincehewenttoBeijing. 練習(xí)一.用動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空（注意思考你的判定依據(jù)） 1 When I returned home， he _____ （leave）。 2 By ten yesterday evening， she ________（finish）writing. 3 He ______ （study） English for five years before he came here. 4 It ____ _____ （stop） raining when I wake up this morning. 5 I _____ （not read） the book because I had read it before. 6 She said she____ （be）to New Zealand twice. 7 When he _____（come） to China two years ago he found people didnt understand him at all though he ________（learn） some Chinese in his own country. 8 I saw Han Mei yesterday. We _____（not see） each other since I left Beijing. 9 When I got to his home， he_____（go） to bed. 10 She asked if Mr. Liu _____ already _____（come） back 三、過去完成時的主要用法　 　　1.過去完成時表示一個動作或狀態(tài)在過去某一時間或動作之前已經(jīng)完成或結(jié)束，即發(fā)生在“過去的過去”。如： WhenIwokeup,ithadstoppedraining. 我醒來時，雨已經(jīng)停了。（主句的動作發(fā)生在“過去的過去”） 　　2.過去完成時是一個相對的時態(tài)，表示的是“過去的過去”，只有和過去某一時間或某一動作相比較時才使用它。如： 　　Hetoldmethathehadwrittenanewbook.(hadwritten發(fā)生在told之前) 　　3.過去完成時需要與一個表示過去的時間狀語連用，它不能離開過去時間而獨立存在。此時多與already，yet，still，just，before，never等時間副詞及by，before，until等引導(dǎo)的短語或從句連用。如： 　　BeforeshecametoChina,GracehadtaughtEnglishinamiddleschoolforaboutfiveyears.　 　　Peterhadcollectedmorethan300Chinesestampsbythetimehewasten. 　　4.過去完成時表示某一動作或狀態(tài)在過去某時之前已經(jīng)開始，一直延續(xù)到這一過去時間，而且動作尚未結(jié)束，仍然有繼續(xù)下去的可能。如： 　　Bytheendoflastyear,hehadworkedinthefactoryfortwentyyears.（hadworked已有了20年，還有繼續(xù)進行下去的可能） 四、過去完成時與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別 　　現(xiàn)在完成時表示的動作發(fā)生在過去，但側(cè)重對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或造成的影響，與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)，其結(jié)構(gòu)為“助動詞have(has)+過去分詞”；過去完成時則是一個相對的時態(tài)，它所表示的動作不僅發(fā)生在過去，更強調(diào)“過去的過去”，只有和過去某時或某動作相比較時，才用到它。試比較： Ihavelearned1000Englishwordssofar. 到目前為止我已經(jīng)學(xué)會了1000個英語單詞。 Ihadlearned1000Englishwordstillthen. 到那時為止我已經(jīng)學(xué)會了1000個英語單詞。 —Imsorrytokeepyouwaiting.對不起，讓你久等了。 — Oh, not at all. I have been here only a few minutes.沒什么，我只等了幾分鐘。（“等”的動作從過去某一時間點持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在） 五、過去完成時與一般過去時的區(qū)別 　　雖然這兩種時態(tài)都表示過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，但在使用時應(yīng)注意以下幾點：　 　　1. 時間狀語不同：過去完成時在時間上強調(diào)“過去的過去”；而一般過去時只強調(diào)過去某一特定的時間。 　　比較：They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday. 　　They arrived at the station at ten yesterday. 　　2. 在沒有明確的過去時間狀語作標(biāo)志時，謂語動詞動作發(fā)生的時間先后須依據(jù)上下文來判斷：先發(fā)生的用過去完成時，后發(fā)生的則用一般過去時。 　　She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too. She had just won the first in the composition competition. 　　3. 當(dāng)兩個或兩個以上接連發(fā)生的動作用 and 或 but 連接時，按時間順序，只需用一般過去時來代替過去完成時；另外，在 before ， after ， as soon as 引導(dǎo)的從句中，由于這些連詞本身已經(jīng)表示出時間的先后，因此也可以用過去時來代替過去完成時。 He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper. 練習(xí)二 （注意有的不是過去完成時） 1. We _____________ (paint) the house before we ______________ (move) in. 2. That rich old man _____________ (make) a will before he _____________ (die). 3. They _____________ (study) the map of the country before they ________ (leave). 4. The robbers _____________ (run away ) before the policemen_______ (arrive). 5. I __________ (turn off) all the lights before I ____________ (go) to bed. 6. Paul __________ (go) out with Jane after he __________ (make) a phone call. 7. Tom __________ (say) he ___________ (read) the book twice. 8. Our plan ____________ (fail ) because we _____________ (make) a bad mistake. 9. When the chairman ______________ (finish) speaking, he _____________ (leave)the hall. 10.The Reads __ ______ (finish) lunch when I ________________(get) to their house. 11.When I ______________(arrive) at the station, he ____________________(leave). 12.We _______________(learn) about 4000 English words by the end of last term. 13. I waited until he _______________(finish) his homework. 14. We were surprised at what she ________already ______(do) 15.She ____________(not go) to Qingdao because she ________________ (be) there before. 16. He ______________(not tell) you the news yet. 17. He said he _____________already_________(give) the book to the teacher. 18. I ______________(be) to Shanghai before. 19. She told me she _________________(be) to Sanya three times. 20.She _____________(play) the guitar while her sister_______________(sing). 單項選擇 1．He asked me _____ during the summer holidays. A. where I had been B. where I had gone C. where had I been D. where had I gone 2. What ____ Jane ____ by the time she got home? A. did, do B. has, done C did, did. D. had, done 3. I ______ 900 English words by the time I was ten。 A. learned B. was learning C. had learned D. learnt 4. She ______lived here for ______ years. A. had, a few B. has, several C. had, a lot of D. has, a great deal of 5. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _____ the dinner already. A had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked 6. She said she __________ the principle already A .has seen B. saw C. will see D. had seen 7. She said her family _______ themselves ______ the army during the war. A. has hidden, from B. had hidden, from C. has hidden, with D. had hidden, with 8. By the time he was ten years old, he _________. A. has completed university B. has completed the university C. had completed an university D. had completed university 9. She had written a number of books ______ the end of last year. A. for B. in C. by D. at 10. He _____ to play ____ before he was 11 years old. A had learned, piano B. had learned, the piano C. has learned, the piano D. learns ,piano. 11. What _______ Annie ____ by the time he was ten? A. did, do B. did, did C. has, done D. had done 12 .He ___ in the factory for three years before he joined the Army. A. has worked B. works C. had worked D. will work 13. By the end of last week, they ____ the bridge. A. has completed B. completed C. will complete D. had completed 14. Ben hates playing _____ violin, but he likes playing ____ football. A. a…the B. the… the C. / …the D. the…/ 15. By the time he was 4, he ______ a lot of German words. A. had learned B. has learned C. learned D. learns 16 .Jim turned off the lights and then _____ the classroom. A. was left B. had left C. has left D. left 17.They _________ in Guangzhou since 2000. A. lived B. had lived C. have lived D. were living 18. The train from Beijing_______ ten minutes ago. A. has arrived B. was arriving C. arrived D. had arrived 19. The students _________ their classroom when the visitors arrived. A . have cleaned B. had cleaned C. was cleaned D. have been cleaned 20. Fergie_______ the project in one hour. A. have finished B. will finish C. finishes D. has finished 21. The man ________ his coat and went out. A. put on B. had put on C. will put on D. was putting on 22 My mother_____ in that factory at the age of 18. A. had worked B. has worked C. worked D. works 23. Dad ________ while he _______ TV. A .fell asleep…watch B. was falling asleep…watched C. fell asleep……was watching D. had fallen asleep…watched A D C A A D B D C B D C D D A D C C B B A C C