2013江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本《語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)虛擬語(yǔ)氣》.ppt

《2013江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本《語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)虛擬語(yǔ)氣》.ppt》由會(huì)員分享，可在線閱讀，更多相關(guān)《2013江蘇專轉(zhuǎn)本《語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)虛擬語(yǔ)氣》.ppt（65頁(yè)珍藏版）》請(qǐng)?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。

虛擬語(yǔ)氣,Definition,陳述語(yǔ)氣（theIndicativeMood）用來(lái)陳述一個(gè)事實(shí)，或提出一個(gè)想法，有肯定、否定、疑問(wèn)或感嘆等形式。,Thefishisnotalivewithoutwater.,虛語(yǔ)語(yǔ)氣（theSubjunctiveMood）表示說(shuō)話人的一種愿望、建議、命令、要求、有時(shí)是一種非真實(shí)的假設(shè)、料想，或是不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的與事實(shí)相反的愿望。,1.虛擬語(yǔ)氣的考點(diǎn)1、條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法；2、條件句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣的倒裝；3、名詞性從句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法；4、幾種特殊結(jié)構(gòu)中虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法；5、虛擬語(yǔ)氣與陳述語(yǔ)氣的判定。,,if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句,區(qū)別:,Ifitrainstomorrow,thecropswillbesaved.陳述語(yǔ)氣,Ifitrainedtomorrow,thecropswouldbesaved.虛擬語(yǔ)氣,If+主+did(were),主+would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形,IfIwereyou,Iwouldtryitagain.,1.如果我是你，我會(huì)再試一次。,2.如果我有一百萬(wàn)美元，我會(huì)買下這架飛機(jī)。,IfIhadonemilliondollars,Iwouldbuytheplane.,與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句,If+主+haddonesth,主+would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞完成式（havedone）,Ifhehadworkedhard,hewouldhavepassedtheexamination.,1.如果他努力學(xué)的話，他就通過(guò)這次考試。,IfIhadmarriedher,Iwouldhavebeenunhappy.,2.要是當(dāng)時(shí)我和她結(jié)了婚的話，那我是很不幸的。,與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句,與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的虛擬條件句(通常有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)),Ifhecameheretomorrow,Iwouldtellhimaboutit.,Ifheweretocomeheretomorrow,Iwouldtellhim.,1.如果他明天來(lái)的話,我會(huì)告訴他這件事.,2.如果他明天來(lái)的話,我會(huì)告訴他.,If+主+did(wereto/shoulddo),主+would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形,Ifyou__________tomorrow,you_________findthenewmanagerworkingintheoffice.,A.shouldcome;wouldB.wouldcome;wouldC.willcome;shouldD.comes;might,Iftheparents______atthehospitalearlieraftertheaccident,thechildwouldhavebeensaved.,A.arrivesB.arriveC.hadarrivedD.hasarrived,,,Ifhe_________he___________thatfood.,,Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.,A.waswarned;wouldnothavetakenB.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetakenC.wouldbewarned;hadnottakenD.wouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottaken,Ididn’tseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe__________,shewouldhavemetmybrother.,A.hascomeB.didcomeC.cameD.hadcome,Ifmylawyer_______herelastSunday,he_______mefromgoing.,A.hadbeen;wouldhavepreventedB.hadbeen;wouldpreventC.were;wouldpreventD.were;wouldhaveprevented,,,倒裝的If虛擬句,,條件狀語(yǔ)的倒裝：,如果條件狀語(yǔ)中有were,had,should時(shí),可以倒裝成：Were/Should/Had+主+其他,WereIyou,Iwouldtryitagain.,Hadhebeenthereyesterday,hewouldhaveseenthefilm.,Shoulditsnowtomorrow,wewouldn’tgoout.,IfIwereyou,Iwouldtryitagain.,Ifhehadbeenthereyesterday,hewouldhaveseenthefilm.,Ifitshouldsnowtomorrow,wewouldn’tgoout.,,,,,_________theexam,hewouldhaveattendacollege.,A.IfhepassedB.HadhepassedC.WerehepassedD.Ifheshouldpass,_______fiveminutesearlier,youcouldhaveseenthemoff.,A.IfyoushouldarriveB.IfyouarriveC.HadyouarrivedD.Shouldyouarrive,________itraintomorrow,weshouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheScienceMuseum.,A.WereB.shouldC.wouldD.will,,wish引導(dǎo)的虛擬句,,IwishIrememberedtheaddress.,我要是記得地址就好了。（真可惜我忘了）,HowIwishhehadnotleft.,要是他沒(méi)有離開(kāi)這里就好了。（他已離開(kāi)）,Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.,要是明天下雨就好了。（說(shuō)話人以預(yù)料明天不會(huì)下雨）,wish+thatHowIwishIfonly,,did/were現(xiàn)在,haddone過(guò)去,would/might/woulddo將來(lái),5.Ifonly(1)…要是就好了=IwishIfonlyIknewhisnamenow!Ifonlywehadfollowedyouradvicelasttime!IfonlyIcouldseehimagainnextyear!,要是我們的父母能和我們住在一起就好了。,Ifonlyourparentscouldlivewithus!,IfonlyIhadn’tmissedthetrain!,要是我沒(méi)錯(cuò)過(guò)火車就好了.,Exercises:,“HaveyouvisitedtheScienceMuseum?”“No,butIreallywishI_______.”,A.hadB.didC.haveD.will,Ididn’tgototheparty,butIdowishI_____there.,A.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.went,IwishI_________youyesterday.,A.seeB.didseeC.hadseenD.weretosee,,-----Heisabraveman.-----Yes,IwishI_________hiscourage.,A.HaveB.hadC.willhaveD.wouldhave,Tomcantakehiscarapartandputitbacktogetheragain.Icertainlywishhe_____mehow.,A.teachesB.willteachC.hastaughtD.wouldteach,Thepictureexhibitionboredmetodeath.IwishI___________toit.,A.hadn’tgoneB.haven’tgoneC.didn’tgoD.couldnothavegone,HowIwishI__________that!Everybodypresentwasangrywithme.,A.didn’tgoB.hadn’tdoneC.wouldn’tdoD.wasn’tdoing,,asif/though,區(qū)別：,,{,HespeaksEnglishasif/thoughheisfromtheUSA.陳述語(yǔ)氣,HespeaksEnglishasif/thoughhewerefromtheUSA.虛擬語(yǔ)氣,,2.asif/though+Clause,,現(xiàn)在：過(guò)去：將來(lái):,did/were(現(xiàn)在),haddone(過(guò)去),Shelovesthebabyasifitwereherownson.HespeaksasifhehadbeentotheUnitedStates.,would+動(dòng)詞原形(將來(lái)),虛擬語(yǔ)氣SubjunctiveMood,退一步海闊天空,evenif/though,wish,,ifonly等從句的虛擬與它相同。,,名詞性從句中要求用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的動(dòng)詞,如果我是你，我就聽(tīng)從他的建議。,IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavetakenhisadvice.,從句表示現(xiàn)在，主句表示過(guò)去,如果你聽(tīng)我的話，現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)這么糟糕了。,從句表示過(guò)去，主句表示現(xiàn)在,如果這些天一直沒(méi)下雨，我們現(xiàn)在可以進(jìn)行工作了。,從句表過(guò)去進(jìn)行，主句表現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行,Ifyouhadlistenedtome,youmightnotbeinsuchtroublenow.,Ifithadn’tbeenrainingthosedays,weshouldbegoingonwiththeworks.,注意:主從句時(shí)間不一致情況下的虛擬語(yǔ)氣(混合條件句):有時(shí)條件從句中的動(dòng)作和結(jié)果與主句中的動(dòng)作，發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致，這時(shí)動(dòng)作的形式應(yīng)根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間加以調(diào)整。,Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,youwouldbeabletofinishtheworknow.如果你當(dāng)時(shí)聽(tīng)了我的話，現(xiàn)在就能完成這份工作了。（從句說(shuō)明過(guò)去，主句說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在。）IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonetoherbirthdayparty.如果我是你，我就去參加她的生日晚會(huì)了。（從句說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在，主句說(shuō)明過(guò)去。）,Ifyouhadn’tlentmesomemoney,Icouldn’thaveboughtthenewhouseandmostlikelyIwouldbestilllivinginthedangeroushousenow.假若你不借錢給我，我不可能買下這幢新房，很可能現(xiàn)在還住在危房里。（從句說(shuō)明過(guò)去，主句說(shuō)明過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在。）,,,suggest,order,demand,propose,command,request,desire,insist,require,adviceetc.引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，以(should)+v原的形式出現(xiàn)。,Weallsuggestthathe(should)finishhishomeworkfirst.,Thecaptaincommandedthatallthesailors(should)getdowntoworkatonce.,It’ssuggested(ordered,demanded,proposed,commanded,requested,desired,insisted,required)that…后面的主語(yǔ)從句中要使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，也以(should)+v原.的形式出現(xiàn)。,It’sorderedthatonlyGerman(should)betaughtatschoolsinAlsasandLorin.,,,It’srequestedthatallthestudents(should)wearschooluniformsatschool.,,,以上這些動(dòng)詞的名詞形式后面的表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中也要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，也應(yīng)以(should)+v原.的形式出現(xiàn)。,Mysuggestionisthatyou(should)gohomefirstbeforecominghere.,Hisrequestthathiscost(should)bepaidbythehouriscompletelyreasonable.,Theordercamethatthework(should)befinishedtwodaysaheadoftime,Myadviceisthatyou(should)practisespeakingEnglishasoftenaspossible,注意:當(dāng)suggest表示“暗示”;insist表示“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”時(shí)不用虛擬！,HisaccentsuggestshecomesfromHunan.,Iinsistthathewaswrong,Hissilencesuggestedthatheagreedwithmydecision,Heinsiststhatdoingmorningexercisesdoesgoodtopeople’shealth.,,虛擬語(yǔ)氣特殊句型：,1.wouldratherthat,現(xiàn)在：過(guò)去：未來(lái)：,,過(guò)去時(shí),過(guò)去完成時(shí),過(guò)去時(shí),Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.,Iwouldratheryouhadgone,too.,Don’tcome.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.,注意:在主語(yǔ)＋would(had)rather＋that賓語(yǔ)從句中，從句謂語(yǔ)一般用過(guò)去式表示虛擬形式。例如:,我真希望你告訴我真相。,I’dratheryoutoldmethetruth.,我寧愿不再見(jiàn)著你。,I’dratherIdidn’tseeyouagain.,我倒希望他們和我一起去。,Iwouldrathertheywentwithme.,(1)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去時(shí)(系動(dòng)詞用were),意指主從句謂語(yǔ)表示的動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生.例如:,他看起來(lái)好象病了.,Helooksasifhewereill.,他感到他應(yīng)該獨(dú)自對(duì)發(fā)生的事情承擔(dān)責(zé)任.,Hefeltasifhealonewereresponsibleforwhathadhappened.,(2)對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用had+過(guò)去分詞,意指從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前.例如:,她英語(yǔ)說(shuō)的很好就象是在英國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)的一樣.,ShespokeEnglishwellasifshehadstudiedEnglishinEngland.,我記得整件事情就象是昨天發(fā)生的一樣.,Irememberthewholethingasifithadhappenedyesterday.,(3)對(duì)未來(lái)的虛擬謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用would+動(dòng)詞原形,意指從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后.例如:,史密斯太太哭得心都快碎了.,Mrs.Smithsobbedasifherheartwouldbreak.,Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit__________.,A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken,Theactoris58yearsold.Butheactsasifhe_______ayoungman.,A.isB.willbeC.amD.were,Thecloudsaregettingdarkeranddarker.Itlooksasifit_______rain.,A.isgoingtoB.willC.wasgoingtoD.would,注意：如果表示的事情可能會(huì)發(fā)生，那么狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用陳述語(yǔ)氣。,Itlooksasifyouaretired.,3.It’s(about/high)time+that---,,過(guò)去時(shí),should+V.,你該走了。,It’shightimethatyouwent.It’shightimethatyouweregoing.It’shightimethatyoushouldgo.,我們?cè)撊ニX(jué)了。,It’stimethatwewenttobed.It’stimethatweshouldgotobed.,,,,,,4.without和butfor構(gòu)成虛擬。butfor要不是Withoutsunlight,people’slifewouldbedifferentfromtoday.Butforyourhelp,Iwouldn’thavefinishedthework.Withoutyourhelp,Iwouldhavefailed.Butforwater,itwouldbeimpossibletoliveinthedesert.,,,,,5.Ifonly(1)…要是就好了=IwishIfonlyIknewhisname!Ifonlywehadfollowedyouradvice!IfonlyIcouldseehimagain!,要是我們的父母能和我們住在一起就好了。要是我沒(méi)錯(cuò)過(guò)火車就好了！,Ifonlyourparentscouldlivewithus!,IfonlyIhadn’tmissedthetrain!,(2)=aslongas常用陳述語(yǔ)氣.如果我們緊密團(tuán)結(jié)就一定能戰(zhàn)勝一切困難.Wecansurelyovercomethesedifficultiesifonlywearecloselyunited.,6.It’snecessary/strange/natural/important+that---Clause從句中的動(dòng)詞要用虛擬，即（should）+動(dòng)詞原形,Itisimportantthatwe(should)masteraforeignlanguage.Itisstrangethatsherefusetocometotheparty.It’snecessarythatweshouldstudyhard.,7.otherwise和supposing也可以引導(dǎo)虛擬語(yǔ)氣。例如：,Thestormstopped,otherwisethesailorswouldhavefallenintothesea.,I’mgettingcold,otherwiseIwouldkeepher.,Suppose(supposing)yourfriendsknewhowyouarebehavinghere,whatwouldtheythink?,8.sothat與inorderthat二者引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)部分應(yīng)該用may/might/can/could/etc.+動(dòng)詞原形Shestayedathomeforafewdayssothatshemighthavemoretimetostudyit.Shelistenedcarefullyinorderthatsheminghtdiscoverexactlywhathewanted.Hewenttothestationinataxisothatheshouldnotmissthetrain.,9.用“may+動(dòng)詞原形”表示祝愿，但愿，此時(shí)may須置于句首,Maygoodluckbeyours!祝你好運(yùn)！Mayyoubehappy!祝你快樂(lè)！Mayyoudoevenbetter!祝你取得更大成就Longlivethepeople!人民萬(wàn)歲！“Godblessyou,”saidthepriest.牧師說(shuō)：“愿上帝保佑你！”,,含蓄條件句,非真實(shí)條件句中的條件從句有時(shí)不表出來(lái)，只暗含在上下文中，這種句子叫做含蓄條件句。含蓄條件句大體有三種情況:,1.條件暗含在短語(yǔ)中。如：,WhatwouldIhavedonewithoutyou?(條件暗含在分詞短語(yǔ)withoutyou中),Itwouldbeeasiertodoitthisway.(條件暗含在不定式短語(yǔ)todoitthisway中),Butforyourhelpwecouldn’thavesucceededintheexperiment.(暗含條件是butforyourhelp),Thissamething,happeninginwartime,wouldleadtoadisaster.(條件暗含在分詞短語(yǔ)happeninginwartime中),Hemusthavethestrengthofahippopotamus,orhenevercouldhavevanquishedthatgreatbeast.(暗含條件是連詞or),Alone,hewouldhavebeenterrified.(暗含條件是alone),2.條件暗含在上下文中。如：,Youmightstayhereforever.(可能暗含ifyouwantedto)Wewouldhavesucceeded.(可能暗含ifwehadkepttrying)Yourreputationwouldberuined.(可能暗含ifyoushouldacceptit)Iwouldappreciatealittleofyourtime.(可能暗含ifyouweresokindastogivemealittleofyourtime),3.在不少情況下，虛擬式已變成習(xí)慣說(shuō)法，很難找出其暗含的條件。如：Youwouldn’tknow.你不會(huì)知道。Iwouldliketocome.我愿意來(lái)。Iwouldn’thavedreamedofit.這是我做夢(mèng)也不會(huì)想到的。Hetoldthestoryinsuchminutedetailthathemighthimselfhavebeenaneye-witness.他將那事講的非常仔細(xì)，簡(jiǎn)直就象他親眼看見(jiàn)一樣,1Hesuggestedthatthemeetingputoff.A.notbeB.shouldnotC.wouldn’tD.benot2Itisstrangethatheso.A.thinksB.thinkC.thoughtD.willthink3IwishImyuncleyesterday.A.metB.havemetC.wouldmeetD.hadmet4Theoldprofessorgaveordersthattheexperimentbefore6.A.wasfinishedB.willfinishC.befinishedD.shallbefinished,,,5.Shesaysshe’dratherhe____tomorrowinsteadoftoday.A.hadB.shouldleaveC.leavesD.left6.It’salready5o’clocknow.Don’tyouthinkit’sabouttime____?A.wearegoinghomeB.ifsheleavesC.wewenthomeD.ifshehadleft,7It’shightimehehome.A.goesB.wentC.willgoD.isgoingtogo8yousucceedandyoubehealthy.A.May…mayB.Wish…wishC.Hope…h(huán)opeD.Should…may9Galileoinsistedthattheearthroundthesun.A.shouldmoveB.moveC.movesD.AorB,10IfonlyI____tomyparents’advice!A.listeningB.listenC.amlisteningD.hadlistened11---Whydidn’tyoucometothepartyyesterday?---I____,butanunexpectedvisitorcametoseeme.A.didB.wouldC.hadD.wasgoingto12I’dratheryou____methenews.A.nottellB.nottotellC.didn’ttellD.hadn’ttold,1.TheboywhowentswimmingintheNo-swimmingZonedrownedintheriver.,,,,Iftheboyhadn’tgoneswimmingintheNo-swimmingZone,hewouldn’thavedrownedintheriver.,,HadtheboynotgoneswimmingintheNo-swimmingZone,hewouldn’thavedrownedintheriver.,2.Billywasbadlybittenbymosquitoesbecauseheforgottousethemosquitonetlastnight.,,,IfBillyhadrememberedtousethemosquitonetlastnight,hewouldnothavebeenbittenby…,,,HadBillyrememberedtousethemosquitonetlastnight,hewouldnothavebeenbittenby…,3.Themothercarelesslyputtheknifewithinthebaby’sreach,andthebabycutherselfwhileplayingit.,,,,Ifthemotherhadcarefullyputtheknifeoutofthebaby’sreach,thebabywouldn’thavecutherself.,,Hadthemothercarefullyputtheknifeoutofthebaby’sreach,thebabywouldn’thavecutherself.,4.Thestudentsgotfood-poisoningaftereatingthepotatoesinthedining-room.,Ifthestudentshadnoteatenthepotatoesinthedinning-room,theywouldn’thavegotfood-poisoning.,,,Hadthestudentsnoteatenthepotatoesinthedinning-room,theywouldn’thavegotfood-poisoning.,,5.Theparentsputthethermosontheground.Theirsonkickeditandgotburnt.,,,,Iftheparentshadputthethermosinasafeplace,theirsonwouldn’thavekickeditandgotburnt.,,Hadtheparentsputthethermosinasafeplace,theirsonwouldn’thavekickeditandgotburnt.,