2019-2020學(xué)年高中英語 Unit 5 First aid Section Ⅲ Grammar教學(xué)案 新人教版必修5

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1、Section Ⅲ　Grammar——省略 課前語法感知 Ⅰ.教材語法感知 教材原句 1．(1)First degree burns turn white when (they are) pressed. (2)If burns are on arms or legs, keep them higher than the heart, if (it is) possible. 2．There is no doubt that John's quick thinking and the first aid skills (that/which) he learned at schoo

2、l saved Ms Slade's life. 3．It shows (that) a knowledge of first aid can make a real difference. 探究發(fā)現(xiàn) (1)第1組例句為狀語從句的省略。當(dāng)狀語從句的主語和主句的主語一致時，或當(dāng)狀語從句的主語為it，而且從句謂語中含有be動詞時，可以把從句的主語和be動詞動詞一起省略。 (2)例句2為關(guān)系代詞的省略。當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在限制性定語從句中作賓語時可以省略。 (3)例句3體現(xiàn)的是當(dāng)及物動詞之后跟由連接詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時，that可以省略。 Ⅱ.真題語法感知 1．(2018·全國卷Ⅱ)Ch

3、ina's approach to protecting its environment while (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide，” says the bank's Juergen Voegele. 答案：feeding　此處是句子的省略形式。由“連詞＋doing”構(gòu)成，表示主動的動作。相當(dāng)于while it is feeding。 2．(2017·全國卷Ⅱ)Scientists have found that all

4、kinds of plants give out VOCs when (attack)． 答案：being attacked　when being attacked＝when they (all kinds of plants) are being attacked，句中省略了時間狀語從句中的主語和be動詞are。 3．(2015·北京高考)If (accept) for the job, you'll be informed soon. 答案：accepted　If條件狀語從句中省略了與主句主語一致的主語you和be動詞are，且動詞accept與主

5、語you之間是被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用其過去分詞形式。 4．(2015·江蘇高考)It is so cold that you can't go outside unless fully (cover) in thick clothes. 答案：covered　句意：天氣如此寒冷，你不能到外面去，除非你用厚衣服完全裹起來。unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句中省略了you are, cover與you之間為被動關(guān)系，故用過去分詞covered。 5．(2014·福建高考)In some countries, people eat with chopsticks, while in

6、 ， knives and forks. 答案：others　while后為省略形式，補充完整為“while in others people eat with knives and forks”。 課堂合作探究 省略是將句子中一個或多個成分省去，避免重復(fù)，使語言簡練、緊湊的一種語法手段。 在英語句子中，常見的省略情況有以下幾種： 一、并列句的省略 在由并列連詞and, but, while等連接的并列句中，后面的分句中可以省略與前面分句中相同的成分以避免重復(fù)。 The news made me angry, while (the news made) my

7、 sister happy. 這個消息使我生氣，然而卻讓我妹妹高興。 【即景活用1】單句寫作 ①Tom picked up a book on the floor and . 湯姆撿起了地板上的一本書并把它交給了老師。 ②His advice made me happy, but . 他的建議使我高興，卻使吉姆生氣。 ③He has a knowledge of first aid but . 他具備急救知識，但他的朋友不具備(急救知識

8、)。 答案：①(Tom) handed it to his teacher　②(his advice made) Jim angry?、踙is friend doesn't (have a knowledge of first aid) 二、復(fù)合句的省略 (一)狀語從句中的省略 1．在when, while, whenever, till, as soon as, if, unless, though, as if/though, as, whether等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中，若謂語部分含有be動詞，而主語又跟主句主語相同或從句主語為it，則從句中主語和be動詞常省略。 Wood giv

9、es off much smoke while (wood is) burning. 木頭燃燒時產(chǎn)生很多煙。 Though (they were) tired, they went on working. 雖然他們累了，但他們?nèi)岳^續(xù)工作。 Trees should be pruned (修剪) when (it is) necessary. 當(dāng)必要時，應(yīng)該修剪樹木。 Should you change your mind, no one would blame you. ＝If you should change your mind, no one would blame you

10、. 萬一你改變主意，誰也不會怨你。 2．在than，as等引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句中常省略某些成分。 He runs as fast as Bob (runs)． 他和鮑勃跑得一樣快。 【即景活用2】單句寫作 ①Remember to calm down when . 記得有麻煩時要冷靜。 ②His opinion, whether ， would be considered. 他的意見，無論對錯，都會被考慮。 ③You shouldn't go to his party unless . 你不

11、應(yīng)該去他的聚會，除非你被邀請。 ④As we all know, Yao Ming is taller . 眾所周知，姚明比我們大多數(shù)人高。 答案：①(you are) in trouble　②(it is) right or wrong?、?you are) invited?、躷han most of us (二)定語從句中的省略 1．在限制性定語從句中，作賓語用的關(guān)系代詞whom，which，that可省略(但whom，which緊跟在介詞后時不能省略)。 He's the man (who/that/whom) you want to see.

12、 他是你想見的那個人。 2．the way作先行詞，關(guān)系詞that/in which在定語從句中作狀語時，關(guān)系詞可以省略；如果關(guān)系詞that/which在定語從句中作賓語，則that/which也可省略。 That is the way (in which/that) we solved the problem. 那就是我們解決那個問題的方法。 【即景活用3】單句寫作 ①We don't like he does the job. 我們不喜歡他工作的方式。 ②The computer was sold out.

13、 我想買的那種電腦賣光了。 答案：①the way (that/in which)?、?which/that) I wanted to buy (三)賓語從句中的省略 1．及物動詞后接賓語從句時，連接詞that一般可以省略；但如果及物動詞后接兩個或兩個以上that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，那么只有第一個that可以省略。 I truly believe (that) beauty comes from within. 我真的相信美麗來自內(nèi)心。 2．when, where, how和why引導(dǎo)的賓語從句有時可以僅保留引導(dǎo)詞。 You were late again, and I hop

14、e you will explain why (you were late again)． 你又遲到了，我希望你能解釋一下為什么。 【即景活用4】單句寫作 ①I it will clear up this afternoon and that they will come to say goodbye to us. 我認為今天下午天會放晴，他們會來向我們告別。 ②Our teacher will come here, but I don't know . 我們的老師將要來這兒，但是我不知道他什么時候來。 答案：①think

15、 (that)　②when (he will come) 課后演練提能 [基礎(chǔ)題] Ⅰ.單句語法填空 1．(2018·浙江高考改編)While regularly (eat) out seems to have become common for many young people in recent years, it's not without a cost. 答案：eating 2．—Did you tell her the bad news? —Yes, but I'd rather not . 答案：have 3．—Have you

16、 got any particular plans for the coming winter vacation? —Yes, possible, I'm going to visit my grandparents. 答案：if 4．(2017·天津高考)But that is not what many people have in mind when (think) of driverless cars. 答案：thinking 5．His job is to take care of the elders and (w

17、ash) their clothes. 答案：wash Ⅱ.單句寫作(用省略形式) 1．They attended the meeting on time . 正如計劃的一樣，他們按時出席了會議。 答案：as planned 2． to the market，these products enjoyed great success. 當(dāng)這些產(chǎn)品首次投放市場時，獲得了巨大的成功。 答案：When first introduced 3．The earth is our only home. If we d

18、on't care about it, who else ？ 地球是我們唯一的家園。如果我們不關(guān)注它，誰關(guān)注它？ 答案：will 4．He will come back，but we don't know . 他會回來的，可是我們不知道他什么時候回來。 答案：when (he will come back) 5．I must get it done . 無論付出什么代價，我都要把這件事做完。 答案：whatever the cost (may be) [能力題] Ⅰ.

19、閱讀理解 A (2019·遼寧省五校協(xié)作高三聯(lián)合模擬)Airbags, now found in almost every vehicle, have saved countless lives and largely reduced the seriousness of injuries in crashes. Similar technology could greatly reduce broken hips (髖部) resulting from a fall, something most seniors fear. Dr Robert Buckman and his star

20、t-up company, ActiveProtective in Allentown, Pennsylvania, has developed a promising solution, a wearable airbag that can protect hip bones in the event of a fall. The idea was the result of Dr Buckman's years as a doctor at Temple University. He noticed how many elderly people were being brought in

21、to hospitals with broken hips due to falls, and how they often never completely recovered from the injuries. He started to ask what he could do for these people, and that was when he started trying to figure out whether there was a way of helping people who were at the highest risk of falling and su

22、ffering these kinds of injuries. The device is worn much like a regular belt, but on the outside of the clothing, it includes sensors that monitor the movement of hips. If the device detects that the person is falling, an airbag opens before the person hits the ground, cushioning the fall. When the

23、 wearer hits the ground, the bag reduces the force to the hip bones by 90 percent, enough to avoid the majority of hip injuries. With one out of every three people aged 65 and older suffering serious falls each year, ActiveProtective has a big market for its wearable device. It also has the potenti

24、al to sizably reduce hip-related health care expenses: Hip injuries among the elderly cost the US health care system in 2012 $ 30 billion, which doesn't include the long-term care expenses associated with the high percentage of patients that can no longer live independently. 篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了可穿戴安

25、全氣囊的發(fā)明緣由、工作原理以及可能帶來的影響。 1．What is the purpose of the ActiveProtective's airbag? A．To avoid hip injuries among seniors. B．To protect seniors from car accidents. C．To help seniors with their daily nursing. D．To help doctors deal with serious injuries. 答案：A　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Similar technology could

26、greatly reduce broken hips (髖部) resulting from a fall, something most seniors fear.”和第二段中的“a wearable airbag that can protect hip bones in the event of a fall”可知，the ActiveProtective's airbag的目的是避免老年人髖部受傷，故選A。 2．What inspired Dr Robert Buckman to make the device? A．A report on seniors' health. B．

27、A serious fall he experienced. C．His work experiences as a doctor. D．Suggestions of seniors at Temple University. 答案：C　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“He noticed how many elderly people were being brought into hospitals with broken hips due to falls, and how they often never completely recovered from the injuries.

28、 He started to ask what he could do for these people”可知，當(dāng)醫(yī)生時的所見促使Dr Robert Buckman制造這個裝置，故選C。 3．How does the device mainly work? A．By reducing the effects of falling. B．By speeding up bone recovery. C．By predicting road conditions. D．By preventing people from falling. 答案：A　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“If the

29、 device detects that the person is falling, an airbag opens before the person hits the ground, cushioning the fall. When the wearer hits the ground, the bag reduces the force to the hip bones by 90 percent, enough to avoid the majority of hip injuries.”可知，這個裝置在人將要摔倒在地的那一刻，安全氣囊自動打開，以減弱身體撞擊地面的強度；當(dāng)穿戴者撞

30、擊地面時，安全氣囊將髖骨受的沖擊力降低了90%，這足以避免大部分的髖部受傷，故選A。 4．What does the author think of the ActiveProtective's airbag? A．It still needs improving. B．It has a promising future. C．It may encourage seniors to do exercise. D．It may increase America's expenses on seniors. 答案：B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“ActiveProtective ha

31、s a big market for its wearable device. It also has the potential to sizably reduce hip-related health care expenses”可推知，這個裝置前景很好，故選B項。 B In many sports, physical contact is part of the game. But when athletes hit their heads, the hit can cause concussions (腦震蕩) . Concussions have long been a c

32、oncern for professional athletes, but they've become more common among young players too. Between 2001 and 2009, the number of kids under 19 visiting doctors for concussions each year increased by 62 percent. Engineers are developing new helmets (頭盔), and new rules are limiting physical contact in

33、some sports. But are these efforts enough to protect kids' brains? Concussions can happen during many types of activities. But sports like football and soccer are especially risky. When you run or jump, your body is moving at an increased speed. A sudden hit causes you to move faster in a different

34、 direction. “It's like when you're on a bus and it makes a sudden stop，” says Dr Kevin Crutchfield, an expert at a sports concussion center in Baltimore, Maryland. “You hit the inside of the bus.” This hit damages the brain. It affects the way the brain functions. So some sports require athletes t

35、o wear helmets. Helmets help reduce the force of a hit. The hard outer shell spreads the force over a larger area. Inside a helmet, a plastic or air-filled lining also helps soften the blow. Steve Rowson is an engineer at Virginia Tech. In his lab, he tests how helmets hold up against different typ

36、es of hits. No helmet can prevent concussions completely, says Rowson. But he's found that when wearing a newer football helmet, the player's head doesn't gain speed as much after a hit. That lowers the risk of concussions. Many youth sports teams have set limits on physical contact to reduce the r

37、isk of concussions. In soccer, most concussions happen as a result of headers—shots or passes made with the head. That's why many people think kids shouldn't head the ball until high school. These efforts should help, says Crutchfield. But the best way to prevent long-term brain injuries, he says,

38、is to stop playing immediately if you suffer concussion. “Protect yourself today so you can play again tomorrow.” 篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇說明文。青少年在運動中因頭部撞擊導(dǎo)致腦震蕩的比例在逐年增高，工程師、醫(yī)生和教練正采取措施預(yù)防腦震蕩的發(fā)生。 5．Concussions among young players . A．a(chǎn)re rare before 2001 B．seem extremely worrying C．cause kids to lose int

39、erest in sports D．a(chǎn)re mostly caused by wearing no helmets 答案：B　推理判斷題。由第二段中的“more common”和“each year increased by 62 percent”可知，青少年因體育運動導(dǎo)致腦震蕩的情況越來越嚴(yán)重，令人擔(dān)憂。 6．The author mentions the sudden stop of the bus to . A．stress it's dangerous to ride buses B．show human brains are easily damaged

40、C．give a better explanation of concussions D．remind people to wear helmets while playing sports 答案：C　推理判斷題。作者在第五段中提到公共汽車急剎車時人們會受到撞擊，將之與人們在運動時發(fā)生腦震蕩的情況相比較，使這一概念更容易被理解。 7．What does Steve Rowson think of the newer football helmets? A．They vary a lot in size. B．They work better than the old ones. C

41、．They slow down the players' running speed. D．They allow the players to move their heads more freely. 答案：B　細節(jié)理解題。由倒數(shù)第三段中的“But he's found that ... lowers the risk of concussions.”可知，新款頭盔效果更好些，可以更好地保護運動員的頭部免受傷害。 8．Dr Crutchfield suggests that after receiving a concussion, young players should

42、 . A．never head the ball B．a(chǎn)void dangerous sports C．play other kinds of sports D．stop playing the sport for a while 答案：D　細節(jié)理解題。由最后一段中的“stop playing immediately if you suffer concussion”可知，Crutchfield建議年輕的運動員在運動中發(fā)生腦震蕩時，一定要及時停止運動，這樣才能避免給大腦造成長期的損傷，才有利于今后更好地進行這項運動。 Ⅱ.語法填空 David will never forge

43、t what happened to him the day before yesterday. He 1 (eat) something at home when he received a strange phone call from a hospital. The caller said his son 2 (fall) to the ground unconscious on the way to school and 3 it was he who took him to hospital. David hung up and rushed to his s

44、on's classroom, only 4 (find) him listening to the teacher attentively. He suddenly realized that he 5 (cheat), but he felt relieved. Just at that time the phone rang again, saying, “Your son is in great danger and he needs an immediate operation which costs 48,000 yuan. The doctors here say

45、 they will not operate on your son until they are paid.” When 6 (ask) from where the caller had taken his son to hospital, the caller rang off. David gave a big smile and said, “What a pity it is！” The cheater might have thought he could get money from David. If 7 ， he was wrong. Such phone

46、calls are common these days, and many of David's 8 (colleague) have received similar calls recently. Therefore, all parents should be sensitive 9 such tricks so as not to 10 (cheat). 1． 　2. 　3. 　4. 5． 　6. 　7. 　8. 9． 　10. 答案：1.was eating　2.had fallen　3.that　4.to find　5.had been cheated　6.asked　7.so　8.colleagues　9.to 10．be cheated - 10 -