高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí) part2 第7講 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與虛擬語(yǔ)氣課件 新人教版
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1、2013屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)課件屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)課件新人教版全國(guó)通用 常見(jiàn)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有:must, can(could), may(might), ought to, need, dare, shall(should), will(would), have (had) to, used to, had better, would rather。注意:注意:need,dare也可用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。把下列句子變?yōu)榉穸ň?,疑?wèn)句把下列句子變?yōu)榉穸ň洌蓡?wèn)句(每空一詞每空一詞)1. I dare say he is innocent.否定句:I _ _ _ he is innocent.疑問(wèn)句:_ _ _
2、he is innocent?1情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法上有何共同特征?情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法上有何共同特征?say notdaresayI Dare把下列句子變?yōu)榉穸ň?,疑?wèn)句把下列句子變?yōu)榉穸ň?,疑?wèn)句(每空一詞每空一詞)1情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法上有何共同特征?情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法上有何共同特征?2. You need give a further explanation of your design.否定句: You _ _ _ a further explanation of your design.疑問(wèn)句: _ _ _ a further explanation of your design?givenot need gi
3、veyou Need 1情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法的共同特征:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法的共同特征:1肯定句中放在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前:主語(yǔ)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞原形。2. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞無(wú)人稱和數(shù)的變化。3. 大部分情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有現(xiàn)在式和過(guò)去式兩種形式。4. 否定式構(gòu)成是在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面直接加“not”。5. 疑問(wèn)句將情態(tài)動(dòng)詞直接提到主語(yǔ)前。 翻譯下列句子,體會(huì)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞翻譯下列句子,體會(huì)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can/could的用法的用法1. Take care while fishing! You know not all the children can swim. 2. I think the work can be completed ahead of
4、time. 2can/could有哪些用法?有哪些用法?釣魚時(shí)小心些!你知道不是所有孩子都會(huì)游泳。我認(rèn)為這項(xiàng)工作能提前完成。3. You cant take the book out of the room.你不可以將這本書拿出室外。4. It can be quite windy there, especially in Spring. 2can/could有哪些用法?有哪些用法?那里有時(shí)容易刮風(fēng),特別在春季。5. It cant be our headmaster. He has gone abroad.那個(gè)人不可能是我們的校長(zhǎng)。他已經(jīng)出國(guó)了。6. I heard you could sp
5、eak several languages.我聽(tīng)說(shuō)你會(huì)講幾種語(yǔ)言。7. Could I use your bike this afternoon when you dont use it?8. It could be very cold in winter in some southern cities of China.2can/could有哪些用法?有哪些用法?今天下午你不用自行車時(shí)我可以用一下嗎?中國(guó)南方的一些城市冬天里可能會(huì)很冷的。2can的主要用法有:的主要用法有:1. 表能力,翻譯為“能夠/會(huì)”。2. 表可能性,翻譯為“可能/會(huì)”。3. 表許可,翻譯為“可以”,用于否定句,表示不允
6、許,翻譯為“不可以/不能”。4. 表示偶然發(fā)生的可能性,翻譯為“有時(shí)會(huì)”。5. 用于否定句,表推測(cè),翻譯為“不可能”。2 could的主要用法有:的主要用法有:1. can的過(guò)去式 could表過(guò)去的能力。2. could 表委婉,禮貌語(yǔ)氣,不是真正的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。3. could表示有可能,但可能性不如“can”大。翻譯下列句子,體會(huì)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞翻譯下列句子,體會(huì)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞shall/should的用法的用法1. I shall go on a holiday with my parents next autumn.2. (1)You shall do as you see me do. (2)He
7、shall be punished if he disobeys. 3shall/should有哪些用法?有哪些用法?我明年秋季將同父母去度假。(1)你照我的樣子辦。(2)他若不服從就要受到處罰。3. (1)You shall have my answer tomorrow. (2)She shall get her share. 4. (1)Shall I get you some coffee, Miss Fleure? (2)What shall he do next? 3shall/should有哪些用法?有哪些用法?(1)你明天可以得到我的答復(fù)。(2)她可以得到她的一份。(1)費(fèi)勒小
8、姐,我給您來(lái)點(diǎn)咖啡好嗎?(2)他下一步干什么呢?5. Should I open the window? 6. You shouldnt be sitting in the sun. 7. Its 4:30. They should be in New York by now. 3shall/should有哪些用法?有哪些用法?我可以開(kāi)窗戶嗎? 你不應(yīng)該坐在陽(yáng)光下?,F(xiàn)在是4點(diǎn)半,他們應(yīng)該到達(dá)紐約了。8. If he should drop in, give him my message.9. Im sorry that you should think so badly of me. 10.
9、He said I should call him Doctor Smith instead of Mr. Smith. 3shall/should有哪些用法?有哪些用法?他若來(lái)訪,就將我的消息給他。你竟把我想得這樣壞,我感到遺憾。他說(shuō)我應(yīng)該叫他史密斯博士而不是史密斯先生。3shall 的主要用法有:的主要用法有:1用于第一人稱代替will,表將來(lái)或意愿;2用于第二、三人稱,shall表義務(wù);3用于第二、三人稱,表許諾;4用于第一、三人稱疑問(wèn)句,表征詢意見(jiàn)。 3should的主要用法有:的主要用法有:1. 用于第一人稱疑問(wèn)句,表征詢意見(jiàn);2. 表義務(wù),可用于各種句式,通常指將來(lái); 3. 表推測(cè)
10、,暗含很大的可能; 4. 在從句中,表虛擬語(yǔ)氣; 5. should也可表惋惜、憂慮、歡樂(lè)、驚訝等感情色彩; 6. 在間接引語(yǔ)中,表達(dá)shall的過(guò)去式。4will/wouldwill/would有哪些用法?有哪些用法?翻譯下列句子,體會(huì)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞翻譯下列句子,體會(huì)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞will/would的用法的用法1. We will fight on until final victory is won. 2. Will you help me with my work? 3. Every morning he will have a walk along this river. 我們要一直戰(zhàn)斗到勝利為
11、止。在我工作方面幫助我好嗎?每天早上他都會(huì)沿著河流散步。4. If you will read this article,you will realize you are wrong. 5. I told him not to go, but he would not listen to me.6. Would you please take a seat? 4will/wouldwill/would有哪些用法?有哪些用法?假如你愿意看這篇文章,你就會(huì)認(rèn)識(shí)到你錯(cuò)了。我要他不要去,但是他不愿聽(tīng)我的意見(jiàn)。請(qǐng)就座,好嗎?7. On Sundays he would come to our villa
12、ge and work with us. 8. If you had come earlier, you would have seen him. 4will/wouldwill/would有哪些用法?有哪些用法?在大多數(shù)星期天,他會(huì)到我們村子里來(lái)與我們一道干活。假如你早點(diǎn)來(lái),你就會(huì)見(jiàn)到他。表示虛擬。4will 的主要用法有:的主要用法有:1表示意志、意愿;2在疑問(wèn)句中用于第二人稱,表示請(qǐng)求或詢問(wèn)對(duì)方的意思;3表示習(xí)慣、經(jīng)常性、傾向性,有“慣于、總是”等意義;4在if,when,until等連詞引導(dǎo)的表示時(shí)間或條件的從句中要用一般時(shí)表將來(lái),但在if 從句中有時(shí)為了表示意愿也可用will,有“愿
13、意”的意思。4would 的主要用法有:的主要用法有: 1. will 的過(guò)去式,表示對(duì)過(guò)去時(shí)間的意志、意愿、決心;2. 表示請(qǐng)求或個(gè)人的想法、看法,使語(yǔ)氣婉轉(zhuǎn);3. 表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作,著重動(dòng)作的重復(fù),有“總是、總會(huì)”等意思;4. 表示虛擬。 翻譯下列句子,體會(huì)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞翻譯下列句子,體會(huì)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may/might的用法的用法1. (1) You may go home now. (2) May I borrow your towel? Yes,you may./No, you cant(mustnt). 5may/might有哪些用法?有哪些用法?(1)你現(xiàn)在可以回家。 (2) 我可以借用
14、你的毛巾嗎? 是的,你可以。/不行,你不可以。/不,你決不能借用我的毛巾。2. She may come to your birthday party tomorrow. 3. He studies hard in order that he may pass the exam.4. May you succeed.5may/might有哪些用法?有哪些用法?或許她明天會(huì)來(lái)參加你的生日宴會(huì)。為了考試及格他學(xué)習(xí)很用功。祝你成功。5. (1)You may well say so. (2)We may as well start at once.(1)你很有理由這么說(shuō)。 (2)我們不妨立刻動(dòng)身吧。
15、5may/might有哪些用法?有哪些用法? 6. He sold his house in order that he might pay his debt.為了要還債他把房子賣掉了。 7. Might I go now? Yes,you may./No,you cant(mustnt)5may/might有哪些用法?有哪些用法?我現(xiàn)在可以走嗎?是的,你可以走。/不,你不能/決不可走。8. This approach might work and please try it.這種方法也許奏效,試試吧。5may的主要用法如下:的主要用法如下:1. may在肯定句中表達(dá)許可,在疑問(wèn)句中用于征求意
16、見(jiàn)。2. may 在肯定句中表達(dá)可能性,即“或許;也許”;may not 表達(dá)“也許不” 3. may在目的狀語(yǔ)從句中表達(dá)目的。4. may在May sb. do sth.句式中表達(dá)祝愿。5. may well do sth. 意為“有理由做某事”,may as well意為“不妨做某事”。5might的主要用法如下:的主要用法如下:1. may的過(guò)去式,表示過(guò)去時(shí)間下的目的。 2. may的過(guò)去式,但并非是實(shí)際過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài),在疑問(wèn)句中表達(dá)更加委婉的請(qǐng)求語(yǔ)氣。 3. may的過(guò)去式,但并非實(shí)際過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài),表示可能性相對(duì)may要小。 翻譯下列句子,體會(huì)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞翻譯下列句子,體會(huì)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞need/dar
17、e的用法的用法1. (1) I need a dictionary, so I need to go to the bookstore. (2) How often does your hair need washing? (3) You dont need to wash your car every day. 6need/dare有哪些用法?有哪些用法?(1) 我需要一本詞典,因此我要去趟書店。 (2)你的頭發(fā)需要多久洗一次?(3)你不必每天洗車。2. (1) Its only eight oclock. Need you go so early? (2) You neednt tell
18、him about it as I have told him. 3. (1) I dare to jump down from the top of the wall. (2) She doesnt dare (to) meet her teachers eyes. (1)才8點(diǎn),你需要去這么早嗎? (2)你不必跟他說(shuō)那件事,我已經(jīng)告訴他了。 6need/dare有哪些用法?有哪些用法?(1)我敢從那墻頭上跳下來(lái)。 (2)她不敢與老師對(duì)視。4. (1) How dare she do things like that to me? (2) Most girls darent catch th
19、e mouse. (3) If you dare say that to our teacher, I would vote for you. (1)她怎么敢對(duì)我做那樣的事情?(2)大多數(shù)女孩子不敢捉老鼠。(3)假如你敢把那件事告訴老師,我就會(huì)投你的贊成票。6need/dare有哪些用法?有哪些用法?6need既可作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,也可作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,其主要用既可作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,也可作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,其主要用法如下:法如下: 1可用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,意為“需要;必要”,后面可接名詞、動(dòng)名詞或動(dòng)詞不定式等作賓語(yǔ)。其否定式和疑問(wèn)式借助助動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行變化。2. need作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,通常用于疑問(wèn)句和否定句中,后接動(dòng)詞原形。這時(shí)ne
20、ed沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化,也沒(méi)有時(shí)態(tài)的變化。6dare 既可作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,也可作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,其主要既可作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,也可作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,其主要用法如下:用法如下: 1. 用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,此時(shí)其后接動(dòng)詞不定式,但在否定句中to可以省略,且dare有人稱和數(shù)以及時(shí)態(tài)的變化。 2. dare用作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,主要用于疑問(wèn)句、否定句和條件句中,后跟動(dòng)詞原形,沒(méi)有人稱和數(shù)的變化,但可以有過(guò)去式形式。翻譯下列句子,體會(huì)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞翻譯下列句子,體會(huì)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞used to/ ought to的用法的用法1. I used to write poetry when I was young. 7used to/ ought to有哪
21、些用法?有哪些用法?我年輕時(shí)常常寫詩(shī)(現(xiàn)在不寫了)。 2. (1) He usednt to come here. (2) He didnt use to come here. (3) Used he to come here? (4) Did he use to come here? (1)他過(guò)去不常來(lái)這兒。 (2)他過(guò)去不常來(lái)這兒。 (3)他過(guò)去常來(lái)這兒?jiǎn)幔?4)他過(guò)去常來(lái)這兒?jiǎn)幔?used to/ ought to有哪些用法?有哪些用法?3. We ought to leave at once. 4. That ought to be enough food for all of us.
22、 7used to/ ought to有哪些用法?有哪些用法?我們應(yīng)該馬上離開(kāi)。那些應(yīng)該夠我們大家吃的了。5. (1) He ought not to go now, ought he? (2) Ought we to have our clothes washed by our parents? (1)他現(xiàn)在不該走,是嗎? (2)我們?cè)撟尭改笧槲覀兿匆路幔?7used to/ ought to有哪些用法?有哪些用法?71used to的意思是“過(guò)去經(jīng)常,而現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)終止的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)”。其中的to是不定式符號(hào)不是介詞,所以其后接動(dòng)詞原形。2. used to作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,可直接在used后加n
23、ot構(gòu)成否定式,直接將used置于句首構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)式,但與一般的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞不同的,它也可像普通動(dòng)詞那樣借助助動(dòng)詞did構(gòu)成否定式和疑問(wèn)式,此時(shí)used改為 use。 73. ought to表示義務(wù)或責(zé)任。意為“應(yīng)該”。 4. ought to表示推斷。意為“應(yīng)該”、“可能”。 5. 在否定句中用ought not 或oughtnt,在疑問(wèn)句中將ought提到主語(yǔ)之前。 翻譯下列句子,體會(huì)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞翻譯下列句子,體會(huì)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞had better/ would rather的用法的用法1.(1) Youd better work out a plan for your future career. (2
24、) He had better fly to Beijing, which saves quite a lot of time.8had better/ would rather有哪些用法?有哪些用法?(1)你最好為日后的職業(yè)生涯作出規(guī)劃。(2)他最好坐飛機(jī)去北京,這樣節(jié)約大量時(shí)間。(3) Wed better not blame each other before the truth comes out.(4) Hadnt we better have a discussion about the coming school sports meet?8had better/ would ra
25、ther有哪些用法?有哪些用法?(3)事情沒(méi)弄清楚之前,我們最好不要互相指責(zé)。(4)關(guān)于下次校運(yùn)會(huì),我們是否最好討論一下?2. (1) Liu Hulan would rather die than give in. (2) I would spend more time on my work rather than turn to others for help. (3) Rather than refuse to help you, I would borrow money from my friends.8had better/ would rather有哪些用法?有哪些用法?(1)劉胡
26、蘭寧死不屈。(2)工作方面,我寧愿多花些時(shí)間也不愿求助別人。(3)我寧可向我的朋友借錢,也不會(huì)拒絕幫助你。(4) Id rather you paid me in cash.(5) Id rather we hadnt seen each other before.(6) I would rather not have such a car, which always breaks down halfway.8had better/ would rather有哪些用法?有哪些用法?(4)我寧愿你付我現(xiàn)金。(5)我寧愿我們以前互不認(rèn)識(shí)。(6)我寧愿沒(méi)有這樣一輛總是半途拋錨的車。8had bett
27、er的主要用法如下:的主要用法如下:1意思為“最好”,表達(dá)建議,后接動(dòng)詞原形;2had為固定用詞,不可改為has或have;3其否定式為had better not,不可為had not better;4其疑問(wèn)形式常為否定式,即Hadnt sb. /sth. better do?8would rather的主要用法如下:的主要用法如下:1. 常見(jiàn)句式為sb. would rather dothan do,意思是“寧愿做什么而不愿做什么”。注意 than后面的內(nèi)容為否定項(xiàng);2. 句式為sb. would rather dothan do可改寫為sb. would dorather than do
28、3. 上述句式中rather than do 可提前至句首:Rather than do, sb. would do84. would rather可以接賓語(yǔ)從句,表達(dá)與現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)以及過(guò)去相反的愿望。表達(dá)與現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)的愿望相反時(shí),從句動(dòng)詞一律用一般過(guò)去時(shí),表達(dá)與過(guò)去相反的愿望時(shí),從句動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí);5would rather 的否定式為would rather not do。 9must / have to有哪些用法?有哪些用法?翻譯下列句子,體會(huì)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞翻譯下列句子,體會(huì)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must / have to的用法的用法1. (1) You must do as you are told.
29、(2) Must we hand in our duty report before school is over? Yes, you must./ No, you neednt./No,you dont have to.(1)你必須遵囑行事。(2)我們必須放學(xué)前上交值日?qǐng)?bào)告嗎? 是的,必須/不,不必。 (3) You mustnt talk like that.2. (1) They must be in the room, for the light is on. (2)He must be listening to music now. He cant hear us. (3) This
30、 kind of book must have been sold out last month. 9must / have to有哪些用法?有哪些用法? (3)你不得那樣說(shuō)話。 2. (1)他們一定在房間,因?yàn)闊羰橇恋摹?(2)他一定在聽(tīng)音樂(lè),(所以)聽(tīng)不到我們說(shuō)話。 (3)這種書上個(gè)月一定賣完了。 3. All men must die.4. If you must go, at least wait till the rain stops. 5. The machine must break down at this busy hour. 9must / have to有哪些用法?有哪些
31、用法?3人必有一死。 4如果你堅(jiān)持要走,至少也要等雨停了再走。 5正忙的時(shí)候機(jī)器偏偏壞了。6. There are too many objections and the local government has to cancel the new plan. 7. There being no bus, I had to take a taxi home.8. They dont have to buy another computer at present.9must / have to有哪些用法?有哪些用法?6因反對(duì)意見(jiàn)太多,當(dāng)?shù)卣缓萌∠@項(xiàng)新計(jì)劃。7沒(méi)有了公交車,我只好坐出租車回家
32、。8他們目前沒(méi)有必要再買臺(tái)電腦。must的主要用法有:的主要用法有:1. 在肯定句,疑問(wèn)句中表示必須、命令或強(qiáng)制,意為“必須,得”。在否定句中表禁止,意為“不得,決不可”;92表示肯定的推測(cè),意為“一定”。推測(cè)句式有三種,分別是對(duì)現(xiàn)在所處的狀態(tài)或正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作以及過(guò)去所處的狀態(tài)或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作的推測(cè),說(shuō)話者語(yǔ)氣十分肯定。must be(現(xiàn)在)一定是或處于某種狀態(tài);must be doing(現(xiàn)在)一定正在做某事;must have done sth.過(guò)去一定做了某事;93. 表示不可避免性。意為“必然要,必定會(huì)”; 4. 表示主張,意為“一定要,堅(jiān)持要”; 5. 表示出乎意料或與愿望相反,意為“偏
33、要”。9have to的主要用法有:的主要用法有:1側(cè)重客觀上的必須,可譯為“不得不”;2have to有時(shí)態(tài)變化。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)為have/hasto;過(guò)去時(shí)為had to,將來(lái)時(shí)為will have to;3have to的否定形式是dont have to,相當(dāng)于neednt。9 10情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 have done的含義?的含義?翻譯下列句子,體會(huì)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞翻譯下列句子,體會(huì)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 have done的用法的用法 1. (1)It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 昨晚一定下雨了,因?yàn)榈孛孢€是濕的。史密斯先生不可能去
34、了北京,因?yàn)槲覄偛胚€在圖書館見(jiàn)過(guò)他。 屋里沒(méi)有燈,他們可能出去了嗎?(2) Mr. Smith cant have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now. (3) There is no light in the room. Can they have gone out? 10情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 have done的含義?的含義?2. (1) My father could have gone to college but at that time the Culture Revolution broke out. (2)
35、The accident couldnt have occurred if you hadnt drunk.我父親本來(lái)可以上大學(xué)的,但是當(dāng)時(shí)文化大革命發(fā)生了。 你如果不喝酒,就不會(huì)出事了。10情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 have done的含義?的含義? 3. (1) What has happened to George? I dont know. He may have got lost. (2) When he arrived,the post office might have been closed,but Im not sure. 喬治發(fā)生了什么事?我不知道,他可能迷路了。 他到達(dá)時(shí),郵局也
36、許關(guān)門了,不過(guò)我沒(méi)把握。10情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 have done的含義?的含義? (3) You may as well go to the booking office.The tickets may not have been sold out.4. (1) I would have told you all about the boys story, but you didnt ask me. 你不妨去一下售票廳,說(shuō)不定票沒(méi)賣完呢。我本來(lái)會(huì)告訴你這個(gè)小男孩的故事,但是你沒(méi)有問(wèn)我。10情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 have done的含義?的含義? (2) I wouldnt have attende
37、d the party but Tom repeatedly asked me to.5. (1) Tom, you are too lazy. The work should have been finished yesterday. 10情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 have done的含義?的含義?我本不想去參加那個(gè)聚會(huì),可是當(dāng)時(shí)湯姆不停地叫我去(因此,我只好去了)。 湯姆,你太懶惰了,這項(xiàng)工作本來(lái)應(yīng)該昨天就做完的。這是你我之間的事。你不應(yīng)該讓所有的人都知道。 他說(shuō)我貪得無(wú)厭。他竟然說(shuō)出了那樣的話!10情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 have done的含義?的含義?(2) This is between you
38、 and me. You ought not have told the whole world. (3) He said I was greedy.He should have said that!6. (1) He need have hurried to the station. In that case, he wouldnt have missed the train. (2) I neednt have bought so much wine only five people came.10情態(tài)動(dòng)詞情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 have done的含義?的含義?他本來(lái)需要快點(diǎn)去車站,那樣的話,他就不會(huì)
39、誤了火車。 我本來(lái)沒(méi)有必要買這么多酒,只來(lái)了5個(gè)人。 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 have done均與過(guò)去時(shí)間有關(guān),是對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的情況的推測(cè),猜測(cè),評(píng)價(jià)或指責(zé),不指向?qū)?lái)和現(xiàn)在。具體用法如下:具體用法如下: 1musthavedone 表示對(duì)過(guò)去事情的肯定推測(cè),譯成“一定做過(guò)某事”,該結(jié)構(gòu)只用于肯定句; 在否定和疑問(wèn)句中must改為cant 或couldnt,譯成“不可能做過(guò)某事”或“可能做過(guò)嗎?”102. couldhavedone表示對(duì)過(guò)去事情的假設(shè),意思是本來(lái)有能力做或本來(lái)具備條件做某事而沒(méi)有做。否定句表示本來(lái)不可以做某事,而實(shí)際做了。3. may/mighthavedone 表示對(duì)過(guò)去事情的推測(cè),意思
40、是“也許已經(jīng)做了某事”。might與may意思相同,但可能性更小。否定句表示“也許還沒(méi)做”。4. wouldhavedone 表示 “本來(lái)會(huì)/想做”,事實(shí)上沒(méi)做。否定句表示本來(lái)不想/會(huì)做某事,而實(shí)際做了。105. should/ought tohavedone 意思是“本來(lái)應(yīng)該做某事,而實(shí)際沒(méi)做?!?否定句表示本來(lái)不應(yīng)該做某事,而實(shí)際做了。含有指責(zé)對(duì)方或自責(zé)的含意。另外,還有“竟然做了”的意思。6. needhavedone表示本來(lái)需要做某事而沒(méi)有做?!皀eednthavedone”則表示“本來(lái)不需要做某事而做了”。10 虛擬語(yǔ)氣是一種動(dòng)詞形式,表示說(shuō)話人的一種愿望、假設(shè)、懷疑、猜測(cè)、建議等含
41、義,虛擬語(yǔ)氣所表示的含義不是客觀存在的事實(shí)。包括兩種情況:與事實(shí)相反,純屬假設(shè);雖然還不是事實(shí),但可能變?yōu)槭聦?shí)。注意:注意:不能把虛擬語(yǔ)氣簡(jiǎn)單地理解為“不可能”的事實(shí)。如:If I were you,Id make a change in life.我當(dāng)然無(wú)法變成你,所以這是純粹的不可能成為事實(shí)的假設(shè)。但在Its high time that we had dinner.中顯然表達(dá)“大家應(yīng)該去”,而且這種呼吁很快就會(huì)變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實(shí)??梢?jiàn),此句表達(dá)的是說(shuō)話人的一種“提醒,建議”含義的虛擬語(yǔ)氣。翻譯下列句子,指出虛擬語(yǔ)氣主、從句對(duì)應(yīng)的時(shí)間翻譯下列句子,指出虛擬語(yǔ)氣主、從句對(duì)應(yīng)的時(shí)間1. If she k
42、new English, she would not ask me for help. 1條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣有哪些情況?條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣有哪些情況?如果她懂英語(yǔ)的話,她不會(huì)找我?guī)兔Φ摹木渑c現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反,主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反。 2. If you should go to the moon tomorrow, what would you take with you?3. If I had been more careful, I would have taken the first place in the maths contest. 1條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣有哪些情況?條件
43、狀語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣有哪些情況?假如明天你去月球,你會(huì)帶什么去?從句與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反,主句與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反。假如我再細(xì)心些,我就在這次的數(shù)學(xué)競(jìng)賽中獲一等獎(jiǎng)了。從句與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反,主句與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反。4. If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now. 5. Had he known her address, he would have gone to visit her. 1條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣有哪些情況?條件狀語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣有哪些情況?如果他們以前努力學(xué)習(xí)的話,現(xiàn)在做就會(huì)容易些。從句與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反,主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反(混合時(shí)間
44、)。如果他知道她的地址,他會(huì)去看她的。從句(倒裝)與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反,主句與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反。1從句主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式(be的過(guò)去式一般用were)would/ should/ could/ might 動(dòng)詞原形與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反had 過(guò)去分詞would/ should/ could/ might have 過(guò)去分詞與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式,should 動(dòng)詞原形,were to 動(dòng)詞原形would/ should/ could/ might 動(dòng)詞原形1注意:注意:有時(shí)條件從句中的動(dòng)作和主句中的動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致(表示錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間的虛擬語(yǔ)氣),這時(shí)動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間加以調(diào)整。如:
45、If you had listened to the doctor, you would be all right now. 如果你當(dāng)初聽(tīng)了醫(yī)生的話,身體現(xiàn)在就好了。(從句動(dòng)作指過(guò)去,主句動(dòng)作指現(xiàn)在)11主從句時(shí)間不一致時(shí),主從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的表達(dá)形式采用組裝法,即從句對(duì)應(yīng)什么時(shí)間就用相對(duì)應(yīng)的表達(dá)式,同樣主句對(duì)應(yīng)什么時(shí)間也用相對(duì)應(yīng)的表達(dá)式。2在虛擬條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,如果含有had,should 或were時(shí),可將if省略,將這些詞提前。用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式完成句子,并簡(jiǎn)述理由用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式完成句子,并簡(jiǎn)述理由1. (1) The teacher suggested that we _ (mak
46、e) good use of every minute here. (2) His silence suggested he _(not agree) to our new plan. 2賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣有哪些情況?賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣有哪些情況? (should) make didnt agree 2. (1) I wish I _(see) her last night. (2) The little girl wishes she _(have) a pair of wings. (3) I wish I _ (go) to Mars to explore space. could
47、have seen/had seenhad would go2賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣有哪些情況?賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣有哪些情況?3. (1) Id rather you _(see) the film yesterday. (2) Id rather you _ (be) here now. (3) Wed rather you _(go) here tomorrow. had seen were went2賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣有哪些情況?賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣有哪些情況?2賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣主要有三種情況:賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣主要有三種情況:1表示建議,命令,請(qǐng)求,要求,意圖含義的動(dòng)詞sugg
48、est, advise,insist, order,command, require,request,demand, ask,prefer 等引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,句式結(jié)構(gòu)為主語(yǔ)should動(dòng)詞原形,其中should可以省略。但要should表“暗示,表明”,insist表示“堅(jiān)決認(rèn)為,堅(jiān)持說(shuō)”時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句用實(shí)際陳述語(yǔ)氣。22. wish之后的賓語(yǔ)從句,表示一種沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)或根本不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望,常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。其主要形式有三種:對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬wish主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式(be用were)對(duì)過(guò)去情況的虛擬wish主語(yǔ)had過(guò)去分詞對(duì)將來(lái)情況的虛擬wish主語(yǔ)would動(dòng)詞原形 23. wo
49、uld rather引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句,從句為過(guò)去時(shí)間,動(dòng)詞用had done; 從句為現(xiàn)在時(shí)間,動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去式(be用were);從句是將來(lái)時(shí)間,動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去式。根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示完成下列句子根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示完成下列句子1. It is necessary that I _ (return) it right now. 我有必要馬上把它還回去。2. Its strange that he _ (be) so rude. 他竟如此無(wú)禮,真是奇怪。3. It was ordered that the room _(clean) 按要求這間房要打掃。3主語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣有哪些情況?主語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣有哪
50、些情況?should returnshould be(should) be cleaned3主語(yǔ)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的句式主要有三種:主語(yǔ)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的句式主要有三種:1在It is important/necessary that等主語(yǔ)從句中,從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用should動(dòng)詞原形。should此時(shí)表達(dá)“應(yīng)該”的意思。2在It is amazing (strange, surprising, astonishing, a pity, a shame) that從句中有時(shí)也用should,此時(shí)表示說(shuō)話人的驚異、懊悔、失望等情感,常含有“竟然”之意。3若不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣則不帶感情色彩,比較:Its a pi
51、ty that he failed the exam. 他考試沒(méi)及格,真是遺憾。Its a pity that he should have failed the exam. 他考試竟沒(méi)及格,真是遺憾。33. It is (was) ordered (suggested, required, requested) that從句中,從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用should動(dòng)詞原形。should此時(shí)表達(dá)“應(yīng)該”的意思。4表語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣有哪些情況?表語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣有哪些情況?翻譯下列句子,找出表語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣表達(dá)翻譯下列句子,找出表語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣表達(dá)形式形式1. His suggestion i
52、s that we should do our work more carefully. 他的建議就是我們的工作應(yīng)該更細(xì)心些。表語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣表達(dá)形式為:(should) 動(dòng)詞原形。2. It looks as if the old man were the king of the zoo.看起來(lái)老人就像動(dòng)物園的國(guó)王。表語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣表達(dá)形式為:主語(yǔ)過(guò)去式。4表語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣有哪些情況?表語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣有哪些情況?4使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的表語(yǔ)從句句式主要有:使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣的表語(yǔ)從句句式主要有:1The名詞is/was that表語(yǔ)從句。這些名詞是表示請(qǐng)求、要求、命令、建議等意義的名詞如:
53、advice, desire, decision, idea, instruction, order, plan, proposal, recommendation, request, requirement, suggestion, wish等。表語(yǔ)從句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)為:(should) 動(dòng)詞原形。42. It looks as if表語(yǔ)從句。如表達(dá)的與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反用過(guò)去式,與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。不過(guò),要注意如果表達(dá)的內(nèi)容是真實(shí)可信的,則用直陳語(yǔ)氣,使用實(shí)際時(shí)態(tài)。如:It is getting dark. It looks as if it is going to rain. 天變暗了
54、,看來(lái)要下雨了(跡象表明要下雨,根據(jù)經(jīng)驗(yàn)判斷此種情況下通常會(huì)下雨)。5同位語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣有哪些情況?同位語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣有哪些情況? 用同位語(yǔ)從句翻譯下列句子,注意同位語(yǔ)從句用同位語(yǔ)從句翻譯下列句子,注意同位語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式 我們應(yīng)該采取措施喚醒環(huán)保意識(shí),他這個(gè)建議為大家所接受。His suggestion that we should take measures to arouse our awareness of environmental protection is accepted by us all. 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。5 在“名詞that”同位語(yǔ)從句中,如
55、果名詞為表示建議、勸告、命令等含義的名詞如:advice 建議,demand 要求,desire 愿望, decision 決定, idea意見(jiàn), motion 提議, order命令, proposal 提議, requirement 要求, request 請(qǐng)求,regulation 規(guī)章, suggestion 建議等名詞時(shí),其同位語(yǔ)從句要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu):主語(yǔ)(should) 動(dòng)詞原形。6定語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣有哪些情況?定語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣有哪些情況?翻譯下列句子,找出定語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣表達(dá)形式翻譯下列句子,找出定語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣表達(dá)形式 是搞大掃除的時(shí)候了。It is about/
56、high time that we had/ should have a thorough cleaning.6 定語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣比較少見(jiàn),在“是做某事的時(shí)候了”句式中從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用should do 或過(guò)去式。7含蓄虛擬條件句有哪些情況?含蓄虛擬條件句有哪些情況?翻譯下列句子,并將含蓄條件句改為翻譯下列句子,并將含蓄條件句改為if條件句條件句1. To have studied harder, you would have passed the examination. 假如你學(xué)習(xí)更用功些,你就考試及格了。(To have studied harderIf you had studied
57、 harder) 假若多給些時(shí)間,我會(huì)做得更好。(Given more timeIf I had been given more time)假若這次失敗了,那你怎么辦?(Failing this time If you failed this time)2. (1) Given more time, I would have done it better. (2) Failing this time, what would you do? 7含蓄虛擬條件句有哪些情況?含蓄虛擬條件句有哪些情況?3. (1)But for your help we couldnt have succeeded i
58、n the experiment. (2)I would be still working on the problem without your help.如果沒(méi)有你的幫助,我們的實(shí)驗(yàn)是不會(huì)成功的。(But for your helpIf it hadnt been for your help)如果你當(dāng)時(shí)不幫我,我現(xiàn)在還在解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題呢。(without your helpIf you hadnt helped me)7含蓄虛擬條件句有哪些情況?含蓄虛擬條件句有哪些情況?4. (1)Another word, and I would beat you flat. (2)A few hours
59、 earlier, and you would have seen the famous writer. 你再說(shuō)一句話,我就把你打倒在地。(Another wordIf you said another word) 要是你早來(lái)幾個(gè)小時(shí),你就見(jiàn)到這位著名的作家了。(A few hours earlierIf you had come a few hours earlier, you)7含蓄虛擬條件句有哪些情況?含蓄虛擬條件句有哪些情況?5. (1) I didnt know that he was a cheat, or else I wouldnt have believed him. (2)
60、 Im really very busy, otherwise I would certainly go there with you. 我不知道他是個(gè)騙子,不然我也不會(huì)相信他了。(or elseif I had known he was a cheat)我真的是太忙了,不然我就會(huì)同你一道去了。(otherwiseif I were not so busy)7含蓄虛擬條件句有哪些情況?含蓄虛擬條件句有哪些情況?6. Anyone who had seen that painting might have taken it for a photo. 7. (1) I would write to
61、 her, but I dont know her address. 凡是看過(guò)那畫的人,都可能把它看成是照片。(Anyone who had seen that paintingIf anyone had seen that painting)我會(huì)給她寫信的,就是不知道她的地址。 (but I dont know her address if I knew her address)7含蓄虛擬條件句有哪些情況?含蓄虛擬條件句有哪些情況?(2)I would have attended her wedding ceremony, but I was so occupied. 8. Dont bot
62、her to read all these papers. It would take too long. 本想?yún)⒓铀幕槎Y的,但當(dāng)時(shí)我太忙。(but I was so occupied if I hadnt so occupied) 不要費(fèi)事看所有這些文件了,那會(huì)花太多時(shí)間。(Dont bother to read all these papersIf you read all these papers,it) 7含蓄虛擬條件句有哪些情況?含蓄虛擬條件句有哪些情況?7 所謂含蓄虛擬條件句即沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)明顯的假設(shè)條件,而是把條件從句隱藏在上下文中的一類條件句,其主要用法及表現(xiàn)形式可歸納如下:其主要用法及表現(xiàn)形式可歸納如下:1. 將條件隱含在不定式短語(yǔ)中;2. 將條件隱含在現(xiàn)在分詞或過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)中;3. 將條件隱含在介詞短語(yǔ)中,常見(jiàn)介詞有but for和without;4. 將條件隱含在名詞短語(yǔ)中;75. 將條件隱含在某些連詞中, 常見(jiàn)連詞有 otherwise和or else;6. 將條件隱含在定語(yǔ)從句中;7. 將條件隱含在but引導(dǎo)的并列句中;8. 將條件隱含在其他形式的上下文中。
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