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1、11.圖表作文 圖表作文是高考書面表達(dá)較常見的考查形式之一,要求考生通過(guò)對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)、文字內(nèi)容進(jìn)行分析,對(duì)前后變化、正反觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行對(duì)比,或者對(duì)某產(chǎn)品進(jìn)行介紹,系統(tǒng)而準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)出圖表所示內(nèi)容,并得出令人信服的結(jié)論。從體裁看,主要有說(shuō)明文、議論文和應(yīng)用文。在該文體中常常使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。 一、試題特征 1表格式 表格式書面表達(dá)就是將統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)或被說(shuō)明的事物直接以統(tǒng)計(jì)表的形式呈現(xiàn)出來(lái)。這類題目往往是介紹某種情況或辯論某種觀點(diǎn)與看法,體裁以說(shuō)明文和議論文為主。 2圖形式 主要有以下三種形式: (1)表示數(shù)據(jù)變化的曲線圖。 (2)表示數(shù)據(jù)大小或數(shù)量之間差異的柱狀圖。 (3)表示總體結(jié)構(gòu)變化的餅狀圖。 二、寫作步驟(
2、三段論) 1開門見山,點(diǎn)明圖表要反映的主題。 2中間段落對(duì)圖表的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行分析,可采用分類或?qū)Ρ葋?lái)表現(xiàn)主題,并闡明必要的理由。在敘述中切忌反復(fù)使用同一句型,忌反復(fù)出現(xiàn)圖表中的數(shù)據(jù)。 3發(fā)表自己的觀點(diǎn),對(duì)全文進(jìn)行小結(jié)。 三、注意事項(xiàng) 1認(rèn)真閱讀和掌握?qǐng)D表提供的信息,弄清設(shè)計(jì)者想通過(guò)圖表來(lái)反映的信息、問(wèn)題或現(xiàn)象。對(duì)于曲線圖形式,要認(rèn)真觀察坐標(biāo)系所顯示的數(shù)據(jù)信息,并密切注意交匯在坐標(biāo)橫軸和縱軸上的數(shù)字及單位;對(duì)柱狀圖和餅狀圖,要通過(guò)寬度相等的柱形的高度差別和各部分所占比例來(lái)判斷事物的動(dòng)態(tài)發(fā)展趨勢(shì),關(guān)注坐標(biāo)線的刻度單位及圖表旁邊的提示說(shuō)明。 2在掌握了全部信息的基礎(chǔ)上,著手分析這些信息或數(shù)據(jù),通過(guò)分析對(duì)
3、比,找出不同點(diǎn)和相似點(diǎn)。 四、常用句式 1描述圖表中的變化與發(fā)展趨勢(shì) 快速上升:rise(increase/go up)sharply(rapidly/ quickly/ dramatically) 緩慢下降:decrease(reduce/come down/decline/drop/fall) slowly(gradually) 2闡述事實(shí)的句式 As is apparently shown in the pie chart/graph/table above. 正如上面餅狀圖/曲線圖/表格所明顯呈現(xiàn)的 As far as.is concerned,much progress has be
4、en made. 就而言,已經(jīng)取得了很大進(jìn)步。 There is an increase of about.percent,compared with. 與相比較,大約增加了。 50% of the people surveyed express the satisfaction with.,while only 40% of them are satisfied with. 在調(diào)查中有50%的人對(duì)滿意,而僅有40%的人對(duì)滿意。 By comparison with.,it decreased(fell)/increased from.to. 和相比,從減少/增加到。 It is obviou
5、s from the graph/chart that.rank the first /highest,while.turn out to be the lowest. 圖中清楚顯示是排在第一位/最高的,而結(jié)果最低。 3表達(dá)原因的句式 The reason why/for.is that. 的原因是。 One may think of the change as a result of. 人們可能把這種變化認(rèn)作是的結(jié)果。 The change in.largely results from the fact that. 在上的變化很大程度上是由的事實(shí)造成的。 First/Firstly/To
6、begin with.;Second/Secondly/And then/Next.;Finally/Last but not least/Apart from the above reasons. 首先;其次;最后/最后但同樣重要的是/除了上述原因。 It is because of.that. 由于才。 4歸納總結(jié)或發(fā)表評(píng)論的句式 in a word(總之)/in short(簡(jiǎn)而言之)/generally speaking(總的說(shuō)來(lái))/to sum up(總之,概括地說(shuō))/in conclusion總之,最后/in summary總之 From what has been discuss
7、ed above,we can draw the conclusion that. 從以上的討論我們可以得出結(jié)論,。 Obviously/Apparently,if we want to.,it is necessary to do/that. 很明顯,如果我們想,是有必要的。 There is no doubt that attention must be paid to. 毫無(wú)疑問(wèn),我們必須注意。 I suggest the government take effective measures to. 我建議政府應(yīng)該采取有效措施來(lái)。 All in all,it is.that leads
8、to the phenomenon. 總而言之,是導(dǎo)致了這種現(xiàn)象。 【典例】每年的4月23日為“世界讀書日”。在今年的世界讀書日來(lái)臨之際,某中學(xué)的研究性學(xué)習(xí)小組分別對(duì)高一、高二和高三學(xué)生每周課外閱讀所花費(fèi)的時(shí)間情況進(jìn)行了調(diào)查,下面的圖表顯示了他們的調(diào)查結(jié)果。 根據(jù)上圖信息,請(qǐng)以“Senior High School Students Outside Reading”為題目,用英語(yǔ)寫一篇短文,內(nèi)容包括: 1.簡(jiǎn)要描述圖中信息; 2.分析產(chǎn)生這種結(jié)果的原因(如沒(méi)有認(rèn)識(shí)到閱讀的重要性、課外作業(yè)多); 3.談?wù)勀愕目捶ā?注意:詞數(shù)100120,文章的題目和開頭已經(jīng)給出(不計(jì)入總詞數(shù))。 Senior
9、 High School Students Outside Reading As is shown in the chart,_ 解析:本文屬于圖表作文,考生的寫作任務(wù)是首先陳述圖表顯示的對(duì)高中學(xué)生的課外閱讀現(xiàn)狀調(diào)查的結(jié)果,其次分析出現(xiàn)這種情況的原因,最后發(fā)表個(gè)人的看法。 根據(jù)表達(dá)的需要,文章應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),分為三個(gè)段落:第一段陳述調(diào)查的結(jié)果,第二段分析原因,第三段表達(dá)個(gè)人的看法。 優(yōu)美范文 Senior High School Students Outside Reading As is shown in the chart, senior high school students spen
10、d less time on outofclass reading as their grade rises. On average, students in Senior One spend seven hours on reading per week and those in Senior Two four hours, with Senior Three students spending only two hours on reading. There are several reasons for this. First, most students dont attach eno
11、ugh importance to outside reading. As a consequence, their spare time is often taken up by other activities. Second, with their grade becoming higher, they have more homework to do, leaving less spare time for reading. In my opinion, it is very important for students to do more reading to broaden th
12、eir horizons. Meanwhile, teachers should encourage their students outofclass reading by offering them a list of good books. 點(diǎn)評(píng):文章結(jié)構(gòu)完整,層次清晰。第一段描述圖表的內(nèi)容和趨勢(shì),第二段分析原因,第三段發(fā)表議論。第二段使用了主題句“There are several reasons for this.”。然后使用First和Second列出了高中學(xué)生課外閱讀的時(shí)間隨年級(jí)升高而遞減的兩種原因。 文中使用的常用短語(yǔ)有:spend time on sth.“花費(fèi)時(shí)間做某事”,
13、attach importance to“重視”,as a consequence“結(jié)果”, broaden their horizons“拓寬他們的視野”。 優(yōu)美句式有:with their grade becoming higher“隨著年級(jí)升高”,it is very important for students to do more reading“學(xué)生多閱讀是很重要的”。 2Some riders of ebikes and bicycles come and go in all directions,ignoring traffic lights and other vehicle
14、s. Such rude riding contributes to the disorder of traffic.Thus the avoidable road accidents become unavoidable. 3From 2005 to 2014,the total number of private cars in China rose sharply from 32 million to 154 million.Currently,China had 15% of the worlds total vehicles. 【寫作內(nèi)容】 1用約30個(gè)單詞概述上述信息的主要內(nèi)容;
15、2結(jié)合上述信息,簡(jiǎn)要分析導(dǎo)致交通問(wèn)題的主要原因; 3根據(jù)你的分析,從社會(huì)規(guī)范(rules and regulations)和個(gè)人行為兩方面談?wù)勀愕玫降膯⑹?不少于兩點(diǎn))。 【寫作要求】 1寫作過(guò)程中不能直接引用原文語(yǔ)句; 2作文中不能出現(xiàn)真實(shí)姓名和學(xué)校名稱; 3不必寫標(biāo)題。 【評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)】 內(nèi)容完整,語(yǔ)言規(guī)范,語(yǔ)篇連貫,詞數(shù)適當(dāng)。 _ _ _ 參考答案: The traffic issue is a hard nut to crack. It not only affects our everyday life, but may also threaten peoples lives. The
16、three selections presented above are typical examples. Quite a few things give rise to the traffic problem. In spite of the largescale construction of roads and highways, there is still much room for improvement, because of the ever increasing number of cars these years. What s worse, some drivers,
17、cyclists and pedestrians do not think it vital to obey traffic rules. In fact, traffic rules are part of the rules and regulations closely related to public order. Without them, people could not enjoy harmony or the country would be in chaos. But rules alone dont secure an orderly society. It is the
18、 people who obey the rules that matter. It is everybodys duty to observe them to keep our society in order and going on the right track. 解析:今年江蘇高考英語(yǔ)采用了“材料類圖形提綱類”形式,綜合考查考生閱讀材料,識(shí)圖和寫作能力,較往年有所創(chuàng)新,也增加了難度。材料分為三部分:第一部分講述了一位老奶奶阻止車輛停放引發(fā)的爭(zhēng)議。第二部分講述了行人和自行車不遵守紅綠燈,導(dǎo)致交通事故發(fā)生的現(xiàn)象。第三部分是圖表和文字,反映近幾年車輛的數(shù)量激增現(xiàn)象。要求第一段用30個(gè)單詞概
19、括材料內(nèi)容;第二段分析導(dǎo)致交通問(wèn)題的原因;第三段從社會(huì)規(guī)則和個(gè)人行為談?wù)剢⑹?不少于兩點(diǎn))。 點(diǎn)評(píng):范文嚴(yán)格按照“三步走”的格局,第一段用短短26字(不含標(biāo)點(diǎn))概括了所給材料,得益于使用了“not only.but also.”這一經(jīng)典句型;第二段分析了導(dǎo)致交通問(wèn)題的原因,使用了“give rise to, largescale construction of, the increasing number of, (be) vital to”等高級(jí)詞匯,同時(shí)“whats worse”銜接詞的恰當(dāng)使用使該段條理清晰。第三段句型多樣,變換使用了“Without虛擬語(yǔ)氣,It is.who.強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,It is ones duty to do sth.”等句型,為文章增色不少。