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1、定語從句結(jié)構(gòu)圖解按圖索驥重慶市開縣臨江中學付驥 一、 語法概述定語從句是高中階段的一個重要的語法,也是每年高考必考的語法之一。對絕大部分學生來說，要掌握好它是非常困難的。在此,筆者談談在定語從句的實際教學中的兩點體會-五大基本句型的復習和定語從句結(jié)構(gòu)圖解。愿能以饗讀者。二、 五大基本句型 五大基本句型是初中英語中已學過的最基本的句型。在老師的眼中學生早就掌握了，這樣你就可能高估了學生的能力。在講定語從句之前,你一定要給學生復習復習,(尤其是雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)和賓語補足結(jié)構(gòu))。它們是定語從句的基礎。否則,學生在學定語從句時,就無法找出先行詞在從句所作的成分。(一)五大基本句型如下：1.S+V eg. Th
2、e spot meeting will begin next week S + V + Tom didt go to work for his sore foot today. S + V + + 2.S+V+O eg. Mummy treats me like a baby. S + V + O + 3.S+V+P eg. Bamboo is hollow inside. S + V+ P + 4.S+V+O（間）+O（直） eg. My sister shows me a new vase; S + V + （O間）+（O直）5.S+V+O+C eg. We usually call hi
3、m Jim. S + V + O + C(n)Our chinese should make each foreigner feel friendly. S + V + O + C(inf.)This news make us surprised. S + V + O + C(adj.) (二) 雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)和賓語補足結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)別:賓語補足結(jié)構(gòu)中,賓語與其補足語間有著邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，可以在賓語和補語間加上一個be 動詞進行判斷;而雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)中直接賓語和間接賓語之間則沒有。主句:S+V+(修飾語)+先行詞從句:關(guān)系詞 + (修飾語) + S + V + (修飾語) + O + 狀語關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系代詞時間
4、狀語地點狀語原因狀語方式狀語whenwherewhyhowduring/at/on+whichat/in+whichfor+whichin+whichwho/thatwhich/hatwhose=of which/whomwhomwhich/thatwhich/as有無the/theonly修飾one;有則V用單數(shù) 117:46:17246:171:46:173:46:174:46:17117:46:172:46:17317:46:174117:46:17有the first, only,few修飾,只用that四、實戰(zhàn)演練(一)、用適當?shù)年P(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞填空。1.That is the f
5、actory _ I worked last year.2.That is the factory _ I visited last year.3.Ill never forget the days _ we stayed happily together.4.Ill never forget the days _ we spent happily together.5.The reason _ Mary was late for class is unknow.6. The reason _ he explained at the meeting is not true.7.Look out
6、! Dont get too close to the house _ roof is under repair.8.The Nanjing-changjiang Bridge is the longest bridge _ has ever been built since liberation.9.The man died last night, _ is a lie; _ is known to all,the earth is round.10.He is one of the students who _ here just now. He is the only one of th
7、e students who _ here just now.【解析】:1、 從句屬五大句型(1)，先行詞the factory在句中作地點狀語，在結(jié)構(gòu)圖中，按線路進行，應填關(guān)系副詞where。2、 從句屬五大句型(2), 先行詞the factory在句中作visited的賓語, 在結(jié)構(gòu)圖中，按線路進行，應填關(guān)系代詞which/that。3、 從句屬五大句型(1)，先行詞the days在句中作時間狀語，在結(jié)構(gòu)圖中，按線路進行，應填關(guān)系副詞when。4、 從句屬五大句型(2), 先行詞the days在句中作spent的賓語, 在結(jié)構(gòu)圖中，按線路進行，應填關(guān)系代詞which/that。5、
8、從句屬五大句型(2)，先行詞the reason在句中作原因狀語，在結(jié)構(gòu)圖中，按線路進行，應填關(guān)系副詞why。6、 從句屬五大句型(2), 先行詞The reason在句中作explained的賓語, 在結(jié)構(gòu)圖中，按線路進行，應填關(guān)系代詞which/that。7、 從句屬五大句型(3)，先行詞the house在句中作主語的修飾語，在結(jié)構(gòu)圖中，按線路進行，應填關(guān)系代詞whose/of which the,因為whose roof=of which the roof/the roof of which。8、 從句屬五大句型(1), 先行詞bridge在句中作主語, 且先行詞前有the longe
9、st修飾,在結(jié)構(gòu)圖中，按線路進行，應填關(guān)系代詞that。9、 從句屬五大句型(3)，先行詞是指整個從句的內(nèi)容, 在結(jié)構(gòu)圖中，按線路進行，應填關(guān)系代詞which/as和 As。注意:as常與said,imagined,well-known,expected,pointed out,see.連用。10、 從句屬五大句型(3)，在結(jié)構(gòu)圖中，按線路，應填were和was。(短語one of the students前無修飾語,因此先行詞應為the students, 故V應用復數(shù)概念; 如果one of the students前有the/the only修飾語, 先行詞則為one, 則用單數(shù)概念)
10、(二)、用適當?shù)慕樵~+關(guān)系代詞填空。1.The fur coat _ the lady was dressed was very expensive.2.It is a family of eight children,all_ are studying music.3.The family_ I stayed in Rome is coming to England soon.4.He has written a book, the name _ I have completely forgotten.5.The emperor,_ the papace was built, was ver
11、y cruel.6.The town,_ they came, was in the north of the provinc.7.Can you suggest a time_ it will be convenent to meet?8.The story,_ the film is based, is a true one.9.Is this the man _ house the police found your lost TV set?10.The books on this theory,_ this is one example, are all written in easy
12、 English. 【解析】:1、 從句屬五大句型(2), 按題意先行詞the fur coat在句中作be dressed (in) 的賓語, 在結(jié)構(gòu)圖中，按線路進行，應填in which。2、 從句屬五大句型(2), 按題意先行詞children在句中與all (of)一起作主語,在結(jié)構(gòu)圖中，按線路進行，應填of which。3、 從句屬五大句型(2), 按題意先行詞The family在stay in +地點+(with) sb結(jié)構(gòu)中構(gòu)成(with) sb，在句中作方式狀語, 在結(jié)構(gòu)圖中，按線路進行，應填with whom。4、 從句屬五大句型(2), 按題意先行詞a book在句中與t
13、he name (of)一起作forgotten的賓語,在結(jié)構(gòu)圖中，按線路進行，應填of which。5、 從句屬五大句型(1), 按題意先行詞The emperor在do sth (for) sb 結(jié)構(gòu)中作介詞的賓語,在結(jié)構(gòu)圖中，按線路進行，應填for whom。6、 從句屬五大句型(2), 按題意先行詞The town在句中作come (from) 的賓語, 在結(jié)構(gòu)圖中，按線路進行，應填from which。7、 從句屬五大句型(3), 按題意先行詞a time在to do sth (at)+時間結(jié)構(gòu)中構(gòu)成(at)+時間，在句中作時間狀語, 在結(jié)構(gòu)圖中，按線路進行，應填at which。8
14、、 從句屬五大句型(2), 按題意先行詞The story在句中作be based (on) 的賓語, 在結(jié)構(gòu)圖中，按線路進行，應填on which。9、 從句屬五大句型(2), 按題意先行詞the man在find sth (from) sbs house 結(jié)構(gòu)中與house一起作介詞的賓語,在結(jié)構(gòu)圖中，按線路進行，應填from whose。10、 從句屬五大句型(1), 按題意先行詞this theory在one example(of)結(jié)構(gòu)中作介詞的賓語,在結(jié)構(gòu)圖中，按線路進行，應填of which。 (三)、選擇填空。1.-Mom, what did your doctor say? -
15、He advised me to live _the air is fresher. 2006年 (四川卷) A. in where B. in which C. the place where D. where 【解析】從句屬五大句型(3), 先行詞在句中無法找到, 故該句型不屬定語從句,應為地點狀語從句。本題考察了定語從句與地點狀語從句的區(qū)別?！綝】2. I saw a woman running towards me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was, she had run back in the direction _
16、 she had come. 2006年（重慶卷）A. of which B. by which C. in which D. from which 【解析】從句屬五大句型(1), 按題意先行詞the direction用在come (from) 后構(gòu)成(from) the direction在句中作方式狀語, 在結(jié)構(gòu)圖中，按線路進行進行，應填from which?！綝】3. Jenny was very sad over the loss of the photos she had shot at Canada, this was a memory she especially treasu
17、red. 2006年（廣東卷） A. as B. if C. when D. where【解析】從句屬五大句型(3)，先行詞是指整個主句的內(nèi)容, 但是它在從句中不充當任何成分，故該句型不屬定語從句,應為原因狀語從句。本題考察了定語從句與原因狀語從句的區(qū)別?！続】4. Women _ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those _ dont. 2006年（北京卷） A. who; 不填B. 不填; whoC. who; who D. 不填; 不填
18、【解析】從句屬五大句型(2), 先行詞Women在句中作主語, 在結(jié)構(gòu)圖中，按線路進行，應選【C】5. We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us _we gave some bells and glasses. 2006年（湖南卷）A. to which B. to whom C. with whom D. with which 【解析】從句屬五大句型(4), 按題意先行詞them在句中作give sth to sb結(jié)構(gòu)作介詞的賓語, 在結(jié)構(gòu)圖中，按線路進行，應選【B】。
19、6. She was educated at Beijing University, _ she went on to have her advanced study abroad. 2006（陜西卷）A. after which B. from which C. from that D. after that 【解析】從句屬五大句型(2)，按題意先行詞是指整個主句的內(nèi)容,在句中又構(gòu)成了(after) sth作介詞的賓語,在結(jié)構(gòu)圖中，按線路進行，應選【A】。 7. The Beatles, many of you are old enough to remember, came from Li
20、verpool. 2006年（天津卷）A. what B. that C. how D. as【解析】從句屬五大句型(3), 按題意先行詞是指整個主句的內(nèi)容,在句中作remember的賓語, 在結(jié)構(gòu)圖中，按線路進行，應選【D】。8. I was given three books on cooking, the first _ I really enjoyed. 2006年（浙江卷） A. of thatB. of whichC. thatD. which【解析】從句屬五大句型(2), 按題意先行詞three books在句中與the first (of)一起作enjoyed的賓語,在結(jié)構(gòu)圖中
21、，按線路進行，應選【B】。9. My most famous relative of all, _ who really left his mark on America, was Rob Sussel, my great-grandfather. 2006年（江蘇卷） A. oneB. the oneC. heD. someone【解析】從句屬五大句型(5), 按題關(guān)系代詞為who已給出,在句中作主語。 本題是考察根據(jù)從句找出先行詞。根據(jù)題意關(guān)系代詞指人，常用the one代替，故選【B】 10. Were just trying to reach a point both sides wi
22、ll sit down together and talk. 2006年（山東卷） A. where B. that C. when D. which 【解析】從句屬五大句型(1)，先行詞a point在句中作地點狀語，在結(jié)構(gòu)圖中，按線路進行，應選【A】。11.You can find whatever you need at the shopping centre，_ is always busy at the weekend. 2006年（上海春季）A. that B. where C. what D. which【解析】從句屬五大句型(3), 先行詞the shopping centre
23、在句中作主語,在結(jié)構(gòu)圖中，按線路進行，且該句為非限制性定語從句，故【D】12.Some pre-school children go to a day care center,_ they learn simple games and songs. 2007年（全國卷）A. while B.there C. then D. where【解析】從句屬五大句型(2), 先行詞a day care center在句中作地點狀語，在結(jié)構(gòu)圖中，按線路進行，應選【D】。 13.Last week, only two people came to look at the house,_ wanted to
24、buy it. 2007年（安徽卷）A.none of them B.both of them C.none of whom D.neither of whom【解析】從句屬五大句型(2), 按題意先行詞only two people在句中作主語,在結(jié)構(gòu)圖中，按線路進行，應選【D】。14.Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree _ they can be controlled on purpose. 2007年（重慶卷） A.with which B.to which C.of which D.for which 【解析】從句屬五大句型(2), 按題意先行詞the degree在句中構(gòu)成to sth(達到某種程度)作句中作賓語,在結(jié)構(gòu)圖中，按線路進行，應選【B】。15.We shouldnt spend our money testing so many people, most of _ are healthy. 2007年（北京卷） A.that B.which C.what D.whom【解析】從句屬五大句型(3), 按題意先行詞many people在句中與most of一起作主語,在結(jié)構(gòu)圖中，按線路進行，應選【D】。用心 愛心 專心 115號編輯
英語定語從句結(jié)構(gòu)圖解―按圖索驥人教版
