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1、主 謂 一 致一、主謂一致 主謂一致有許多原則，概括起來不外乎三種一致原則，即 ， （語言內(nèi)容上一致）， （謂語動詞的單復數(shù)形式和緊位于其前的主語一致）。 1.毗鄰一致（就近原則） (1)由連詞or, nor, neithernor, eitheror, not only but also, notbut.等連接的并列主語時，謂語動詞的單復數(shù)形式按毗鄰一致的原則，與貼近它的主語一致。例如： 1) He or you have taken my pen.2) You or he has taken my pen. 3) Are either you or Mary to go to the me
2、eting?(2)在there be結(jié)構(gòu)中，謂語動詞的單復數(shù)形式一般也采取就近原則,根據(jù)BE后的第一個名詞的單復數(shù)確定謂語的單復數(shù)形式。例如： 1)There is a desk and four benches in the office. 2)There are four chairs and a desk in the office. 3)Are there two exercise books and a dictionary on the desk.2.概念一致（語言內(nèi)容上一致及意義上的一致） 關(guān)鍵在于主語名詞的特殊性（1）有些集合名詞如crowd, family, team, or
3、chestra（管弦樂隊）, group, government, committee, class, school, couple 等，它們作主語時，謂語動詞的數(shù)要根據(jù)語言內(nèi)容而定。如果它們表示一個“集體單位”時，動詞用單數(shù)形式；如果表示“其中的各個成員”，則謂語用復數(shù)形式。關(guān)鍵是正確理解他們是表示“單位”還是表示“單位成員”例如： 1）Our class is made up of 56 students.2) Their class are having a meeting now.3) The team is headed by a very experienced coach.4)
4、The team are having a bath in the bathroom.注：如這類詞后跟有定語從句時，定語從句的謂語動詞也遵循概念一致的原則，強調(diào)具體成員時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)，關(guān)系代詞用who; 強調(diào)整體時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，關(guān)系代詞用which。例如： 1) It is my family which is a happy one.2) I love my family who are all sports lovers. (2)有些表示總稱意義的名詞，形式上是單數(shù)，而意義上卻是復數(shù)，謂語動詞要用復數(shù)形式，如people, police, cattle, poultry（家禽）等。
5、例如： 1）Cattle were allowed to graze on the village common. 2）The police are searching for a tall dark man with a beard. (3)有些名詞形式上是復數(shù)，而意義上卻是單數(shù)。如news, means, works.還有許多以ics結(jié)尾的學科名稱，如economics, physics, mechanics, politics等，還有以S 結(jié)尾的書名、國名、組織機構(gòu)，它們作主語時，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。例如： 1）Politics is required for study in mos
6、t middle schools in China. 2）Here is the news. 3) The United States is the only superpower in todays world.4）Every means is impossible.5) All means are impossible.注：以S 結(jié)尾的山脈、群島、瀑布（falls）、海峽（straits）等做主語時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。The Summer Olympic Games are held every four yeas.(4)數(shù)詞表示重量、度量、衡量、價值、時間、距離等復數(shù)名詞作主語，謂語動
7、詞用單數(shù)形式。例如1) Twenty miles is a long way to walk. 2) Three pints isnt enough to get me drunk. （5）the +形容詞作主語時，如主語指的是一類人或一類物時用復數(shù)謂語。常見的形容詞有：blind, deaf, disabled, dead, living, rich, poor, young, old, wounded, sick如果指的是單個人、事或抽象概念，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。all 表示所有人時，謂語動詞用復數(shù)，表示所有物時謂語動詞用單數(shù)。例如： 1) The blind are taught tra
8、des in special schools. 2）The new is sure to take the place of the old.注：the +Chinese, English, French, Japanese等表示民族的形容詞，表示整個國家的人民的名詞作主語，用復數(shù)謂語。如：The Chinese are a brave and hard-working people.The Chinese people is a brave and hard-working one.(6)用and連接的單數(shù)主語，表示兩個不同的人或物時用復數(shù)，表示同一個人或物、同一概念或配套用的東西時謂語動詞
9、用單數(shù)；前面有each, every, many a, no等修飾時，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。注*復數(shù)主語與each連用時，應不受each的影響，謂語動詞仍用復數(shù)形式。例如： 1) Each pen and each paper is found in its place. 2) The old workers and the young each have their own tools. 3）A teacher and friend is coming to see me this evening.4) A teacher and a friend are coming to see me
10、this evening.5) Early to bed and early to rise is good for ones health.“AND”連接表整體的例子有：3. 語法形式一致 （1）單數(shù)主語、單個動詞不定式、動名詞短語以及主語從句作主語時，謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。但是用and或bothand連接的動詞不定式短語、動名詞短語以及主語從句作主語時，謂語動詞則用復數(shù)形式。例如： 1) The performance was very funny. 2) Serving the people is my great happiness. 3) Whether well go depend
11、s on the weather. 4) Many natural materials are becoming scarce. 5) Both you and I arestudents. 6) What I think and what I seek have been fairly reflected in my paper.（2）由as well as, with, along with, together with； rather than, except, but, besides, in addition to，beyond, including; no less than，mo
12、re than, other than, as much as等引起的結(jié)構(gòu)跟在主語后面，謂語動詞看他們前面的名詞。例如： 1) The man together with his wife and children sits there watching tv. 2) His sister no less than you is wrong.3) Tome like many of his classmates enjoys learning English. (3)有些代詞只能指單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，當它們在句子中作主語時，盡管在意義上是多數(shù)，謂語動詞仍要用單數(shù)形式。這類代詞有either, nei
13、ther, each, one, another, the whole, many a , more than one，none, one and a half.還有一些如 somebody, someone, something, anyone, anything, anybody, everyone, everything, everybody, no one, nothing, nobody等不定代詞做主語時謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。例如： 1) Neither of the two answers is correct.2) Everything around us is matter. (
14、我們周圍的所有東西都是物質(zhì)。)3) The whole book talks about the sufferings the Chinese people suffered in the past.4) More than one student has passed the examination.* More students than one have passed the examination. More than 2 hundred students have passed the examination.5) One and a half bananas was rotten.
15、 (4) kind, sort, typed 等與of構(gòu)成的短語做主語時，采用語法一致的原則，視of前的名詞的單復數(shù)而確定謂語的單復數(shù)。1）This kind of books sells well= A book of this kind sells well.= This kind of book sells well.2) These kinds of books sell well.= Books of this kind sell well.(5) 由分數(shù)、百分數(shù)、half, all, part, any, some, rest, most, a lot, lots, plenty
16、+of +可數(shù)名詞復數(shù)用復數(shù)謂語；+不可數(shù)名詞時，用單數(shù)謂語。若將OF 短語省略時，要根據(jù)前面出現(xiàn)過的它們所指代的名詞的單復數(shù)形式而定。如：1）There is plenty of water in the pail. 2）There are plenty of eggs in the box. 3）Two-thirds of the water in most river is polluted.4) Two-thirds of the students enjoy playing football. 5）There are 56 students in our class and half
17、 are league members.6) I have only drunk half of the milk and the other half is spoiled.（6）quantity of + 不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式; quantities of + 可數(shù)與不可數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞用復數(shù)形式。amount(只修飾不可數(shù)名詞), variety, mass與其相當。例如： 1）Great quantities of milk are needed in this city. 2）There is a large quantity of milk. （7）當量詞+OF+名詞復數(shù)
18、或不可數(shù)名詞做主語時，謂語動詞單復數(shù)形式變化要根據(jù)前面的量詞的單復數(shù)形式變化來完成。如：1）One pair of trousers costs 25 yuan. There is a discount if you buy two.*主謂一致的其他注意事項：一、 定語從句的主謂一致 一般來講，定語從句中的動詞在人稱和數(shù)方面應該與它的先行詞保持一致。例如： 1Dont choose me，who am not qualified for this job不要選我，我不適合做這項工作。 2Anyone who has questions to ask， please come to my off
19、ice this afternoon有問題要問的人，今天下午到我辦公室來。 3He is the only one of those workers who is able to do this job他是那些工人中唯一能做此工作的人。 He is one of those workers who are able to do this job.He is not the only one of those workers who are able to do this job.二、名詞性從句的主謂一致 主語是名詞性從句（常用what，whatever，when，where，why ，how，
20、that，whether等引導放在句首）時，動詞通常用單數(shù)形式。例如： 1Whatever he says is of no importance無論他說什么都不重要。 2What I want is money.3. What I want are books.3That he will come is certain他肯定會來。 三、特例：The number of students is increasing.A number of students are burdened with much homework.The population of China is larger than that of any other country in the world.The population in that small village live mainly on rice.The Smiths are having dinner.I want to go to the Smiths.My uncles is not far away from here.
主謂一致 (2)
