水果分選機設(shè)計

水果分選機設(shè)計,水果分選機設(shè)計,水果,生果,瓜果,分選,設(shè)計 重 慶 理 工 大 學(xué)文 獻(xiàn) 翻 譯二級學(xué)院 機械工程學(xué)院 班 級 109040201 學(xué)生姓名 王鐵柱 學(xué) 號 10804020127 水果大小分選機這項發(fā)明是關(guān)于水果大小通用分選機的，采用振動工作臺對圓形水果如桔子，杏按大小分選，他同樣可用于非圓形水果或其他類型果實進(jìn)行分選，如黃瓜，梨，辣椒這一類。按照本發(fā)明這樣一個排序表有一個一般平固體無孔的表面,在其一端加載水果按大小分選，聯(lián)通加載面積和斜下面的是一個排序區(qū)由一個光滑無孔的波紋表面組成一個多元緊密排列的凹槽,擴展一般的方向振蕩和溝通他們的下端與集合區(qū)。依照本發(fā)明,這些錐形槽或空缺的上游在水果裝卸結(jié)束后，通過篩下水果可以排出一個收集區(qū)，分開收集大尺寸的水果放置區(qū)域。這個發(fā)明采用相應(yīng)的溝槽通道結(jié)構(gòu)化設(shè)計收集裝貨區(qū)域的水果，使主要尺寸水果在裝貨區(qū)振動結(jié)束后，使水果通過相應(yīng)尺寸的開孔槽后進(jìn)入收集區(qū)。在它的溝槽通道設(shè)計中，采用相應(yīng)的緩沖結(jié)構(gòu)，是水果流在到達(dá)篩選口處時速度減緩便于分類排放篩選水果。該發(fā)明的另一個特點是，分選機的水平加載面和和它的斜向下排序區(qū)之間有一個光滑的塑料浮凸，促使水果進(jìn)入分選通道，同時盡量減少對水果的傷害并便于清洗的消毒。在考慮到目前分選機的設(shè)計，我們現(xiàn)在將描述本發(fā)明的其他優(yōu)勢各功能。按圖紙其部分設(shè)計參數(shù)如下：圖1，是水果分選機的整體視圖，和刷選排序圖。圖2，是與頂部水平臺相連的分選槽的局部視圖和說明。圖3，是沿圖2中3-3線看去的的剖視圖。圖4，是一排篩選槽的縱面截斷圖?，F(xiàn)在我們進(jìn)行詳細(xì)的說明。圖1展示了工作臺邊框10這個振動排序面，它的四個角由12,14,16,184個桿來連接支撐，相應(yīng)的這4個連桿的另一端與機架20相連，并在機架20下面接兩水平平行桿22，用以約束機架的位置，24是一個電機與桿26相鏈接，26另一端一水平臺鏈接，用以驅(qū)動水平臺振動。按照本發(fā)明,排序邊框10和一般臥式平加載面積30,所有水果如杏、柳橙、檸檬和其他一般球形狀的水果就會裝載進(jìn)行大小分級。裝載區(qū)30與向下傾斜的波形分類面積32相連，波紋排序區(qū)32由一系列緊密并排的凹槽34組成,從裝載區(qū)域擴展30一般的方向振動的桌面,向下一個帶38收集水果到卸槽下端36。考慮圖2可以看出,這些槽狹窄的凸脊32和凸棱40和向下傾斜的反對側(cè)墻42,合并成一個狹窄的圓形窄基44。槽面34應(yīng)明顯小于框?qū)?0、深度至少大于水果的直徑。同樣像圖1,基極和斜邊的墻壁34,分離槽脊40在上端逐漸融入到平面的水果加載區(qū)域的表。所以,在振蕩的響應(yīng)操作框10的馬達(dá)24、水果加載在其上慢慢朝向上的兩端槽32對齊,并沿著山脊之間的溝槽34 40對他們分類進(jìn)入36。在目前優(yōu)選的發(fā)明,框10雖然以前描述為一般水平最好是處理一些小傾角。同時,排序區(qū)32水平偏轉(zhuǎn)角大約15。現(xiàn)在指出圖2,中間下出料端和接收端上34有開口槽通過提供50小個水果前的排放出料端36。按照本發(fā)明開口50沿設(shè)計方案向下振動,當(dāng)有一個長度遠(yuǎn)大于直徑的水果出現(xiàn)時,由于慮了最小直徑大小的主要水果。側(cè)邊緣的反對稱開口錐度50一個寬度在上游端不到預(yù)期的直徑的大小的水果要加載在負(fù)載區(qū)30，隨著水果進(jìn)入溝槽34從裝貨區(qū)域30他們被引導(dǎo)向出料端向下的波谷36在重力和主要尺寸的果實沿斜邊的墻進(jìn)入口50到達(dá)傳送帶38。尺寸小一點的水果,由于震動進(jìn)入上一個篩選口，落入傳送帶60上面。手機水果的傳送帶按水果分類的大小進(jìn)行排列。如圖2,同時考慮圖3和4,本發(fā)明還包括對溝槽內(nèi)的水果減速,而不是繼續(xù)向下沖而沒有進(jìn)入篩選孔50。圖2、3和4是由一對水平設(shè)置的嘴唇或鰭片形小板70,長度與孔50相等。通過圖4與圖3表示,小板70存在一些輕微的跟蹤偏差約2相對水平面，沿著水果移動到開口50。是通過的水果或進(jìn)入孔50的石鍋速度慢下來,以便有更多的時間為小尺寸的水果進(jìn)行篩選。溝槽34上的篩選孔可進(jìn)行對任意數(shù)量水果的分選。因此在圖1第二卸料口150也對下一個卸料口進(jìn)入水果的速度有一定阻礙作用。卸料口150的最大寬度大打低于卸料口50的寬度,后者則由重力下槽進(jìn)入到下一個篩選槽。依照本發(fā)明,排序邊框10包括其平面水平設(shè)置加載面30和其向下傾斜的排序區(qū)32包括34和水果溝槽運動制動的嘴唇70塑造成一個合適的塑料材料結(jié)構(gòu)如纖維增強聚酯樹脂,具有光滑無孔的表面和邊緣堅實的開口50和150以及鰭邊緣70。見圖1,排序邊框10三面都被封閉在一個框架80和這機架由不可或缺的部分框10。因此裝載面容易清洗和消毒。水果裝載在桌上,收到邊框80約束振動會傳到裝載水果臺面的各區(qū)域 ,以便引導(dǎo)水果進(jìn)入或通過開口150及其相關(guān)水果運動制動的鰭邊緣70到各自的收集區(qū)，并減小對水果的摩擦和損傷。本分選機結(jié)構(gòu)簡單但有效的操作和經(jīng)濟生產(chǎn)。在此陳述本發(fā)明：1。在整個水果大小分級機,通常橫向搖擺整理表有一般水平平裝載區(qū),水果應(yīng)該大小分級加載和向下傾斜的排序區(qū)有一個上層波紋表面在其寬度定義一系列并排密切相關(guān)的波谷擴展的方向,每個說波谷有振蕩的傾斜間隔側(cè)墻,引導(dǎo)向低排放水果的溝槽，小卸料口位于上面同時減小去下游的水果的速度。2。排序整個水果大小分級機卸料口包含一對鰭邊緣70上方水平設(shè)置，減小進(jìn)料速度。3。如2所述鰭邊緣70寬度和長度應(yīng)與卸料口尺寸相對應(yīng)。4。每個分選口形狀相似按大小從上至下排列，上邊通過小水果，下邊通過較大水果，依次通過個料口篩選分級。5。排序桌面是一個整塊的成型結(jié)構(gòu),便于消毒清洗。6。加載和分揀區(qū)域有一個光滑的固體閉鎖的表面。WHOLE FRUIT SIZE GRADER This invention relates to a whole fruit, size-grading apparatus and particularly to a novel and improved oscillating table for sorting fruit such as oranges, apricots and the like for collection according; to size. It could also be used to size grade or sort other produce such as cucumbers, pears, peppers and the like. In accordance with this invention such a sorting table has a generally flat solid imperforate surface at one end onto which is loaded fruit to be sorted as to size. Communicating with said loading area and sloping downwardly therefrom is a sorting area embodying a smooth imperforate corrugated surface constituting a plurality of closely spaced side-by-side grooves, channels or troughs which extend generally in the direction of table oscillation and communicate at their lower end with a collection area. In accordance with the invention, these troughs are provided with tapered slots or openings upstream of the discharge ends thereof through which undersize fruit can discharge to a collecting area separate from the collecting area into which the larger size fruit discharge. A feature of the invention is that the troughs are so structured as to receive the fruit from the loading area, guide the prime size fruit to the discharge end of the table while directing undersize fruit through the corresponding discharge openings in the troughs ahead of the trough discharge ends. In its preferred form said troughs have means associated therewith to retard the gravital flow of the fruit in said troughs across said undersize fruit discharge openings to facilitate the sorting of the fruit. Another feature of the invention is that the sorter table including both its horizontal flat loading area and its downward sloped sorting area comprise a one piece smooth surfaced solid imperforate plastic member which facilitates its function of sorting the fruit according to size while minimizing possible injury or brusing of the fruit and at the same time being readily cleaned and sanitized. Other features and/or advantages of the invention will be at once apparent, or will become so, upon consideration of the presently preferred embodiment of the invention which now will be described. Referring therefor to the accompanying drawings wherein like parts are identified by like reference numerals: FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a whole fruit size-grading apparatus including a sorting table according to the invention; FIG. 2 is an enlarged fragmented top plan view of the troughs comprising the sorting area of said table in accordance with the invention; FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken lengthwise of one of the troughs comprising the sorting area of said table the view being taken along line 3-3 of FIG.2 looking in the direction indicated by the arrows; FIG. 4 is a cross sectional view taken along lines 4-4 of FIG. 2 also looking in the direction indicated by the arrows. Now referring more specifically to FIG. 1, said view illustrates at 10 a one piece generally rectamgularly-shaped sorting table or platform constructed in accordance with the invention. Table 10 is shown pivotally connected adjacent its four comers to links 12-18 which in turn are pivotally suspended from a pair of parallel spaced tubular standards 20 0f a supporting frame 22 so that table 10 is free to be oscillated horizontally with a small vertical displacement in a fore and aft direction between and parallel to said standards 22. At 24 is a motor drivingly connected by link 26 to sorting table 20 to effect oscillation of the table through a generally horizontal plane and in the direction confined by said links 12-18. In accordance with this invention, sorting table 10 comprises a generally horizontal flat loading area 30 on which whole fruit such as apricots, oranges, lemons and other generally ball shaped fruit is loaded for size grading or sorting. Communicating with said loading area 30 is a downwardly sloped corrugated sorting area 32. Said corrugated sorting area 32 thus comprises a series of closely shaped side-by-side troughs, channels or grooves 34 which extend from the loading area 30 generally in the direction of oscillation of the table, downwardly to a belt 38 which collects fruit discharging from the lower end 36 of said troughs. Considering also FIG. 2 with FIG. 1 it will be seen that these troughs 32 are separated by narrow ridges 40 and have inwardly and downwardly sloping opposed side walls 42 which merge into a narrow rounded narrow base 44. Said troughs 34 have a width which is substantially less than the sizes of fruit to be sorted by oscillation of the table 10, a depth at least that of the prime size fruit and a width in the plane of the separating ridges which is greater than the diameter of said prime size fruit. Also, as seen best in FIG. 1, the base and sloping side walls of these troughs 34 and the separating ridges 40 at their upper end gradually merge into the flat surface of the fruit loading area of the table. So that with oscillation of the table 10 in response to operation of motor 24, fruit loaded thereon is slowly directed toward the upper ends of the trough 32 into which they align themselves, one behind the other, and descend down the troughs 34 between the ridges 40 toward their discharge end 36. In the presently preferred embodiment of the invention, table 10 although previously described as generally horizontal preferably is disposed at some small angle of declination from true horizontal, for example one degree. Also, said sorting area 32 is disposed at a declination angle of approximately 15from horizontal. Referring now particularly to FIG. 2, intermediate the lower discharge end and upper receiving end of each said troughs 34 there are provided openings 50 through which undersized fruit discharges ahead of the discharge end 36 of the troughs. In accordance with this invention said discharge openings 50 are both tapered and elongated in the direction of table oscillation, thus having an axial length several times that of the diameter of the prime size fruit and a width at their downstream end which approaches that of, but is less than, the diameter of what is considered the minimum diameter of prime size fruit. The opposed side edges of said discharge openings 50 taper rearwardly to a width at their upstream end which is less than the expected diametric size of fruit to be loaded on the loading area 30. It will be appreciated therefore that as the fruit enter the troughs 34 from the loading area 30 they are guided downwardly toward the discharge end of the troughs 36 under the pull of gravity and the prime size fruit is guided by the sloping side walls of said troughs over said discharge openings 50 to belts 38. Smaller size fruit, however, will be engaged and therefore guided by the opposed side edges of the discharge openings 50 which extend into the side walls of the trough (FIGS. 3 and 4) toward the larger end of the openings 50 dropping therethrough as they reach that portion of the discharge opening having a width as great as or greater than the fruit diameter. The undersized fruit dropping through discharge openings 50 is caught and collected by belt 60 which is appropriately located for this purpose. It will be understood that the collecting belts 38 and 60 are so located and have a width related to the horizontal stroke of the oscillation of the table 10 such that belt 38 remains in continuous communication with the discharge end of the troughs and belt 60 remains continuously in communication with discharge aperture 50. Referring still to FIG. 2, and also considering FIGS. 3 and 4 therewith, the invention also includes retarding means to slow down the fruit as it is directed by the sloping sidewalls of the trough across the discharge openings 50, thereby to provide greater opportunity for undersize fruit to drop through the discharge opening 50 rather than continue to the discharge end of the trough. Such means is illustrated in said FIGS. 2, 3 and 4 as comprising a pair of generally horizontally disposed lips or fins 70 which are spaced over said discharge aperture 50 and arranged along the full length thereof. These inner edges are illustrated spaced apart a distance corresponding to the progressively tapering width of the discharge apertures 50 themselves. As illustrated by FIG. 4 with FIG. 3, said lips 70 present a generally horizontal track or one at some slight declination, for example 2 from true horizontal, along which the fruit moves over the discharge openings 50. Being disposed generally horizontal they slow down or retard the gravital pull of the fruit across the openings 50 so that there is more time for the smaller size fruit to be caught and discharge through said openings 50 to belt 60.It will be understood of course that the troughs 34 may be provided each with more than one discharge opening 50 so that the table may be utilized to sort the fruit into any required number of sizes. Thus in FIG. 1 a second discharge opening is illustrated at 150 which is generally arranged and shaped as is aperture 50 and is also provided with overlying lips 70 which retard movement of fruit thereacross. As illustrated the widest lateral dimension of opening 150 is substantially less than the widest dimension of the downstream discharge opening 50 wherefore it is adapted to receive one size of fruit while rejecting larger sizes, the latter then proceeding by gravitation down the troughs to the next discharge end of the trough.In accordance with the invention, sorting table 10 including its flat horizontally disposed loading area 30 and its downwardly sloped sorting area 32 including troughs 34 and the fruit movement retarding lips 70 are moulded into a one piece unit of suitable plastic material such as fiber reinforced polyester resin sometimes referred to as fiberglass and characterized by smooth solid imperforate surfaces and rounded edges about the discharge openings 50 and 150 as well as along the edges of the fins 70. Preferably also, as illustrated in FIG. 1, the sorting table 10 is enclosed by a three-sided frame or ledge 80 (only the discharge end thereof being left open) and this ledge comprises an integral part of the moulded table 10. The sorting table is therefore readily cleaned and sanitized. Fruit is confined on the table by said ledge 80 and is also capable of flowing from the loading area onto the troughs of the sorting area in reponse to oscillation of the table and so as to be guided by the sloping side walls and/or edges of the discharge openings 150 and their associated fruit-movement-retarding lips or fins 70 to the respective discharge areas without bruising or being injured.The structure is simple but effective in its operation and economical to manufacture.Thus having described the invention I claim:1. In a whole fruit size grader, a generally horizontally oscillated sorting table having a generally horizontal flat loading area on which fruit to be size-graded is loaded and a downwardly sloped sorting area having an upper corrugated surface across its width defining a series of side-by-side close related troughs extending in the direction of said oscillation, each said troughs having inwardly-sloped spaced side walls which guide the fruit downwardly toward the lower discharge end of the troughs, the side walls and base of said troughs at their upper end merging into the generally horizontal flat surface of the loading area of the sorting table to receive said fruit therefrom as the table is oscillated, each said troughs having at least one discharge opening upstream of their lower end, said discharge opening having a generally tapered shape of a width through which full size fruit cannot pass, the narrow end of said tapered discharge opening being located upstream so as to engage and direct undersized fruit for discharge through the downstream wider end of said opening, and having means arranged over said discharge opening of the troughs to slow down the movement of the fruit over said undersized fruit discharge openings.2. The sorting table of a whole fruit size grader as claimed in claim l wherein said fruit movement retarding means includes a pair of horizontally disposed lips spaced above and on opposed sides of said discharge openings.3. The sorting table of claim 2 wherein said lips are co-planar and define a tapered space therebetween of a width and length corresponding to that of the discharge opening with which it is associated.4. The sorting table of a whole fruit grader as claimed in claim 3 wherein each said troughs have a further undersized fruit discharge opening upstream of the first discharge opening, said further opening being of similar shape and disposition but of lesser width than the first mentioned discharge opening.5. The sorting table of a whole fruit grader as claimed in claim l wherein the table is a one-piece molded structure which is readily sanitized.6. The sorting table of claim 5 wherein its loading and sorting areas have a smooth solid imperforate surface.專利US4216865 - Whole fruit size grader - Google 專利 http:/books.google.com/patents/US4216865?hl=zh-CN