1附 錄The Development of the Conservation of Asphalt PavementAsphalt pavement in the use of the process, constantly subject to the role of repeated traffic loads, climate impact and asphalt pavement materials, physical and chemical changes, over time, will have a pit, crack, swarming spore, subsidence, while eating, Ma surface , peeling and loose a variety of damage, if not repaired, the damage will be expanded rapidly and affect the normal passage of vehicles, and may lead to a greater degree of damage. Asphalt Pavement Maintenance vehicle is dedicated to timely repair the damage part of the special vehicles. Shown as an ordinary car Asphalt Pavement Maintenance.1 Classification and function According to the nature of road paving materials, road vehicles can be divided into a comprehensive conservation Asphalt Pavement Maintenance trucks and cement trucks Pavement Maintenance two categories, this book introduces the Asphalt Pavement Maintenance Truck. Asphalt Pavement Maintenance vehicles is divided into trailers by the way traffic and two types of self-propelled.Towed Asphalt Pavement Maintenance vehicles are a variety of equipment and devices will be installed on the trailer chassis, the general use of self-powered engine output range of devices and equipment, from a car or tractor to the construction of sections of the conservation work carried out.Self-Asphalt Pavement Maintenance vehicles are a variety of equipment and devices will be installed on the vehicle chassis or exclusive as the self-end, removed from the chassis host two types of motivation and self-engines. At present, the production of integrated conservation of the asphalt is the most self-propelled vehicles of.Based on the technical level of the road, the quality and quantity of the different selection of different types of Asphalt Pavement Maintenance vehicles. High-grade highway mileage in the asphalt pavement of more than 300km for the use of large-scale conservation of self-propelled vehicles; medium-sized self-propelled vehicle for the conservation of 200-300km of high-grade asphalt pavement minor repairs, maintenance; 200km below the asphalt pavement for the use of high-grade self-small conservation of vehicles. Daily Maintenance of Asphalt Pavement in general for the use of small self-propelled or towed vehicle conservation.Asphalt Pavement Maintenance for road vehicles in addition to day-to-day tasks of conservation, but also other facilities can be used for highway maintenance, traffic engineering facilities, such as spraying and cleaning, snow removal, cleaning the road surface, cut away weeds, spraying, planting and trimming trees.22 multi-purpose road vehicles at home and abroad overview of conservation and development trends2.1 Overview abroadAsphalt Pavement Maintenance Machinery abroad have been a hundred years the history of high-grade highway for minor repairs of the asphalt pavement of the integrated conservation of mechanical operations have 60-a 70-year history. Them according to the functions and operations can be divided into the following.(1)With infrared heating function Pavement Maintenance car models for the United States on behalf of Thermal Power Corporation (Thermal PowerCo.) King of the road. Its most prominent feature of the old material can be recycled in situ, thereby bring about considerable savings in asphalt mixture, in favor of environmental protection and conservation of energy. At the same time, as a result of mixture with the original road is a natural joints combination of old and new roads close, you can extend the life of the new road. The model applicable to shallow holes, cracks, cracks and other damage to the handling of the asphalt pavement. The vehicle is equipped with hot-mix boxes, asphalt tanks and sprinkler systems, and infrared propane gas heater, compaction tools, waste tanks.(2)Mixture with hot boxes and broken pavement compaction tool Pavement Maintenance car model is the United States on behalf of Akzo Nobel company TP4-based integrated conservation vehicles. The more the number of vehicles in foreign countries, usually with the following equipment: 7t heat insulation material boxes, spiral out of feeder, asphalt spraying device, and vibration-ho ram broken. The models applied to patch small pit operation.(3)Jet car repair on behalf of the conservation model is the official music of the high road repair company cars, the largest high-pressure injection is characterized by the adoption of the ways in which a different charge of the emulsified asphalt and aggregate to be mixed and sprayed into the pits to deal with in to achieve the purpose of maintenance and repair of the road the car can be opened to traffic immediately. The model applies to a smaller stream of pits of repair work.(4)Comprehensive conservation repair work on behalf of car models produced LeeBoy the United States 1200-S-type of asphalt pavement repair vehicle integrated. It has a miller, spraying asphalt, paving and other features, equipped with a milling machine, paving equipment, asphalt me, hydraulic sprinkler system and asphalt-ho. The model applies to a small area of repair operations.2.2 Overview of domesticWith highway construction in China's rapid development, in particular, the traffic mileage of highway continues to increase, the domestic machinery of the road more and more emphasis on conservation. The 20th century, some of the 80's started a lot of 3companies have developed products to market. On the integrated conservation of vehicles, the domestic current owners have developed the following types of conservation.(1)TP4-based Pavement Maintenance car full hydraulic control, with storage, crushing, compaction equipment and other road maintenance equipment Yung Road, Maung. It is the introduction of the United States in Xi’an building auromatically ? Akzo Nobel technology, enterprise development by the domestic products.(2)Regeneration asphalt mixture characterized by the conservation of cars expected to regeneration with the old, old asphalt can generally through the addition of some new materials and renewable sources of new agents is expected to achieve the old shop, with a broken, regeneration, compaction equipment and other attachments. However, this equipment can not be used for high-grade renewable materials for road maintenance, the use of occasions by a lot of restrictions.(3)Heating wall with regeneration in situ conservation of vehicles on the road to soften it, harrow, Tim the new material, first-class one-stop operating pressure, energy saving, environmental protection. Both drive electric drive, there are hydraulic driven. Because development time is too short, the reliability of the product there are still large deficiencies. In addition, because the device can only use the new asphalt mixture, there is also a conservation site is not expected to work without problems.2.3 Asphalt Pavement Maintenance of our direction of development of carConservation equipment available in the planned economy era developed. With highway construction in China's rapid development. China's existing mechanisms for road maintenance is no longer suited to this situation, the state departments are to develop new policy and regulatory road maintenance to adapt to this change, it is foreseeable that this policy applies to the new norms of conservation equipment market will be favored .4附 錄瀝青路面的養(yǎng)護(hù)發(fā)展瀝青路面在使用過(guò)程中，不斷承受行車載荷的反復(fù)作用、氣候的影響和瀝青路面材料的物理化學(xué)變化，隨著時(shí)間的推移，將產(chǎn)生坑槽、裂縫、涌包、沉陷、啃邊、麻面、脫皮和松散等各種損壞，如不及時(shí)修補(bǔ)，這些損壞將迅速擴(kuò)大，影響車輛的正常通行，并可能造成更大程度的損害。瀝青路面綜合養(yǎng)護(hù)車就是專門用于及時(shí)修補(bǔ)路面損害部分的專用車輛。所示為普通瀝青路面綜合養(yǎng)護(hù)車。1、分類及功用根據(jù)路面鋪筑材料的性質(zhì)，路面綜合養(yǎng)護(hù)車可分為瀝青路面綜合養(yǎng)護(hù)車和水泥路面綜合養(yǎng)護(hù)車兩類，本書主要介紹瀝青路面養(yǎng)護(hù)車。瀝青路面綜合養(yǎng)護(hù)車按行駛方式分為拖式和自行式兩類。拖式瀝青路面綜合養(yǎng)護(hù)車是將各種設(shè)備和裝置安裝于拖掛底盤，一般用自備發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)輸出動(dòng)力驅(qū)動(dòng)各種裝置和機(jī)具，由汽車或拖拉機(jī)牽引到施工路段進(jìn)行養(yǎng)護(hù)作業(yè)。自行式瀝青路面綜合養(yǎng)護(hù)車是將各種設(shè)備和裝置安裝于汽車底盤或?qū)Ｓ玫淖孕惺降装?，分從底盤主機(jī)取出動(dòng)力和自備發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)兩種。目前生產(chǎn)的瀝青綜合養(yǎng)護(hù)車大部分是自行式的。依據(jù)公路技術(shù)等級(jí)、質(zhì)量狀況和數(shù)量的不同，選用不同類型的瀝青路面綜合養(yǎng)護(hù)車。高等級(jí)瀝青路面公路里程在 300km 以上的，適合使用自行式大型養(yǎng)護(hù)車；自行式中型養(yǎng)護(hù)車適用于 200—300km 的高等級(jí)瀝青路面小修、養(yǎng)護(hù)；200km 以下的高等級(jí)瀝青路面適合使用自行式小型養(yǎng)護(hù)車。一般瀝青路面日常養(yǎng)護(hù)適合使用小型自行式或拖式養(yǎng)護(hù)車。瀝青路面綜合養(yǎng)護(hù)車除用于路面日常養(yǎng)護(hù)任務(wù)外，也可用于公路其他設(shè)施的維護(hù)，如交通工程設(shè)施的噴涂和清洗、除雪、清掃路面、剪除雜草、噴灑藥劑，栽植和修整花草樹木等。2、多功能路面養(yǎng)護(hù)車國(guó)內(nèi)外概況及發(fā)展趨勢(shì)2．1 國(guó)外概況國(guó)外瀝青路面養(yǎng)護(hù)機(jī)械已有百年的歷史，用于高等級(jí)公路的瀝青路面小修作業(yè)的綜合養(yǎng)護(hù)機(jī)械也有 60 一 70 年的歷史。它們按功能和作業(yè)方式可分為以下幾種：（1）帶有紅外加熱功能的路面綜合養(yǎng)護(hù)車 代表機(jī)型為美國(guó)熱動(dòng)力公司(Thermal PowerCo．)的修路王。其最大特點(diǎn)是可以對(duì)舊料進(jìn)行就地再生利用，從而大大節(jié)省瀝5青混合料，有利于環(huán)境保護(hù)和節(jié)約能源。同時(shí)，由于混合料與原有路面是自然接縫，新舊路面結(jié)合緊密，可以延長(zhǎng)新路面的使用壽命。該機(jī)型適用于有淺層坑洼、裂縫、龜裂等損壞的瀝青路面的處理。車上配備有熱混合料箱、瀝青箱及噴灑系統(tǒng)、丙烷氣及紅外加熱器、壓實(shí)工具、廢料箱等。（2）帶有熱混合料箱及路面破碎壓實(shí)工具的路面綜合養(yǎng)護(hù)車 代表機(jī)型是美國(guó)阿克蘇·諾貝爾公司生產(chǎn)的 TP4 型綜合養(yǎng)護(hù)車。該車型在國(guó)外數(shù)量較多，通常配有以下設(shè)備：7t 加熱保溫料箱、螺旋出料器、瀝青噴灑裝置、破碎鎬和振動(dòng)夯。該機(jī)型適用于小面積坑槽修補(bǔ)作業(yè)。（3）噴射式修補(bǔ)養(yǎng)護(hù)車 代表機(jī)型是美國(guó)樂(lè)仕高公司的路面修補(bǔ)車，最大特點(diǎn)是通過(guò)高壓噴射的方法，使帶有不同電荷的乳化瀝青和骨料混合并噴灑到待處理的坑槽中，達(dá)到維修目的，且該車修復(fù)的路面立即可以通車。該機(jī)型適用于較小坑澗的修補(bǔ)工作。（4）綜合作業(yè)修補(bǔ)養(yǎng)護(hù)車 代表機(jī)型是美國(guó) LeeBoy 公司生產(chǎn)的 1200—S 型瀝青路面綜合修補(bǔ)車。它具有銑刨、噴灑瀝青、攤鋪等作業(yè)功能，配備有銑刨機(jī)、攤鋪裝置、瀝青箱、液壓鎬和瀝青噴灑系統(tǒng)。該機(jī)型適用于小面積修補(bǔ)作業(yè)。2.2 國(guó)內(nèi)概況隨著我國(guó)公路建設(shè)事業(yè)的快速發(fā)展，特別是高等級(jí)公路通車?yán)锍痰牟粩嗉哟?，?guó)內(nèi)對(duì)路面養(yǎng)護(hù)機(jī)械越來(lái)越重視。20 世紀(jì) 80 年代起步的一些公司已經(jīng)研制了大量相關(guān)產(chǎn)品投放市場(chǎng)。就綜合養(yǎng)護(hù)車而言，國(guó)內(nèi)目前開發(fā)的養(yǎng)護(hù)車主要有以下幾類。（1）TP4 型路面綜合養(yǎng)護(hù)車 全液壓操縱，具有儲(chǔ)料、破碎、壓實(shí)設(shè)備及其他路容路貌維護(hù)設(shè)備。它是在西安筑路機(jī)械廠引進(jìn)美國(guó)阿克蘇·諾貝爾公司技術(shù)后，由國(guó)內(nèi)各企業(yè)開發(fā)的產(chǎn)品。（2）瀝青混合料再生功能養(yǎng)護(hù)車 其特點(diǎn)是具有舊料再生功能，能對(duì)一般舊瀝青通過(guò)添加一些新料及再生劑實(shí)現(xiàn)舊料新鋪，配備有破碎、再生、壓實(shí)裝置及其他附件。但這種設(shè)備的再生料不能用于高等級(jí)公路養(yǎng)護(hù)，使用場(chǎng)合受到了很大的限制。（3）帶有加熱墻的就地再生功能養(yǎng)護(hù)車 它能對(duì)路面進(jìn)行軟化、耙松、添新料、壓頭等一條龍作業(yè)，節(jié)能、環(huán)保。驅(qū)動(dòng)方式既有電驅(qū)動(dòng)，也有液壓驅(qū)動(dòng)。由于開發(fā)時(shí)間過(guò)短，在產(chǎn)品的可靠性方面還存在著較大的不足。另外，由于該設(shè)備只能使用新瀝青混合料，還存在著養(yǎng)護(hù)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)無(wú)料不能正常工作的問(wèn)題。2.3 我國(guó)瀝青路面綜合養(yǎng)護(hù)車的發(fā)展方向國(guó)內(nèi)現(xiàn)有養(yǎng)護(hù)設(shè)備是在計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)時(shí)代開發(fā)出來(lái)的。隨著我國(guó)公路建設(shè)事業(yè)的快速發(fā)展。我國(guó)現(xiàn)有道路養(yǎng)護(hù)機(jī)制已不適應(yīng)這一形勢(shì)，國(guó)家相關(guān)部門正在制定新的道路養(yǎng)6護(hù)政策和規(guī)范來(lái)適應(yīng)這一變化，可以預(yù)見，適用于這一政策規(guī)范的新型養(yǎng)護(hù)設(shè)備將會(huì)受到市場(chǎng)的青睞。