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Ultra magnetostriction execution and its control partapplication in fluid
Dietmar Reinert, Emmanuelle Bruna and Eva Flasp?lera
aBG-Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (BGIA), Alte Heerstra?e 111, D-53757 Sankt Augustin, Germany
Abstract：The ultra magnetostriction material is one kind of newfunction material， in the consult massive literature foundatio，introduced the ultra magnetostriction execution principle andclassified and its in the fluid control part applied research presentsituation， and has carried on the forecast to the ultramagnetostriction execution in the fluid machinery applicationprospect.
Key word： Ultra magnetostriction Execution Fluid control part
0. Introduction
The hydraulic servo performance mainly is decided to composes thissystem the valve, pumps with fluid and so on oil motor controls thepart the performance. Therefore enhances the fluid to control the partthe performance always is people's diligently goal. The traditionalfluid control part mainly uses the electric motor, the electro-magnetachievement actuates the part. In recent years, along with some newfunction materials appearances, made large scale to enhance the fluidto control the part the performance possibly to become. The ultramagnetostriction material is one kind of new electricity (magnetism) -the mechanical energy transformation material, has under the roomtemperature should the variable lamda big, energy density high, thespeed of response is quick and so on the characteristic, overseas byapplies it to the servo valve, the proportion valve and miniaturepumps and so on in the fluid control part, and has made some progress.This article makes an introduction on this aspect situation.
1. Ultra magnetostriction execution
1.1 ultra magnetostriction materials [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
The ultra magnetostriction material (Giant Magnetostrictive Material)does not have to the traditional magnetostriction material (Fe, Co, Niand so on), is Dr. Clark which refers to the American water surfaceweapon center to the beginning of the 70's first discovers in roomtemperature and under the low magnetic field has the very bigmagnetostriction coefficient three Yuan thin crude iron compound, thetypical material is TbxDy1-xFe2-y. The in the formula x expressedratio of the Tb/Dy, y represents ratio of the R/Fe, x generally is0.27 ~ 0.35, y is 0.1 ~ 0.05. This kind of three Yuan rare earth alloymaterial has realized the commercialized production, the typicalcommodity trademark is Terfenol-D (US'S Edge Technologies Corporation)or Magmek86 (Sweden's Feredyn AB Corporation), represents theingredient is Tb0.27Dy0.73Fe1.93.
With the piezoelectricity material (PZT) and traditionalmagnetostriction material Ni, Co and so on compare, the ultramagnetostriction material has the unique performance: Is very bigunder the room temperature strain value (1,500 ~ 2000ppm), is nickel40 ~ 50 times, is piezoelectricity ceramics 5 ~ 8 times; The energydensity is high (14,000 ~ 25000J/m), is nickel 400 ~ 500 times, ispiezoelectricity ceramics 10 ~ 14 times; The mechanical and electricalcoupling coefficient is big; The speed of response is quick (achievesmu the s level); The output strength is big, may reach 220 ~ 880N. Because ultra magnetostriction material above fine performance, thusis in particular good in many domains in the execution centerapplication prospect.
1.2 ultra magnetostriction executions
The ultra magnetostriction execution structure simple, moves big, theoutput strength strong, is easy to realize the microminiaturization,and may use the wireless control. The ultra magnetostriction executionmay divide into following three kind of types according to thestructure:
1.2.1 direct drives [ 3 ]
This kind of ultra magnetostriction execution mainly uses the clavateultra magnetostriction alloy direct drive execution component, doesnot use the enlargement organization, its general structure like chart1 shows. Because the ultra magnetostriction material compressivestrength is bigger than its tensile strength by far, therefore usesthe precompression spring to cause it to work under the certainpressure. In the chart about two permanent magnets use for to providethe certain leaning magnetic field, causes the ultra magnetostrictionstick to work in the appropriate linear scope. This kind of ultramagnetostriction execution structure relatively simple, moves, theoutput strength in a big way is strong, mainly is applied in the watersound transducer, the new motor, the micro displacement controller andthe fluid valve.
1.2.2 displacements (strength) enlargement [ 2]
The displacement (strength) the enlargement ultra magnetostrictionexecution may divide into the release lever according to the principleto enlarge the type and the hydraulic pressure enlargement type twokinds. The release lever enlarges the type ultra magnetostrictionexecution mainly to use the release lever organization to obtain abigger displacement or the strength output, but also may use two kindof types the ultra magnetostriction sticks, namely has another to havethe negative magnetostriction coefficient to obtain a better effect.Concrete principle like chart 2 shows. The hydraulic pressureenlargement type ultra magnetostriction execution has mainly appliedin the hydromechanics Pascal's law.
1.2.3 thin films [ 4 ]
At present, appeared a new research hot spot - thin film ultramagnetostriction micro execution development and the application in the ultra magnetostriction material application domain. Under isapplies more Thin Membrane Type ultra magnetostriction micro execution in theminiature fluid control part principle.
This kind of execution mainly uses some traditional the semiconductorcraft, in non- magnetic substrate on, the undersurface separatelycovers has, the negative magnetostriction characteristic membranousmaterial, when sur- magnetic field change, the thin film can have thedistortion, thus the impetus substrate deflection and curving achievesthe actuation goal. Compares with the usual body magnetostrictionexecution, the thin film ultra magnetostriction micro execution costis lower, and because in the thin film two micro magnetisms elasticitymutually affects enable it to have some new functions, this has thevital significance regarding the ultra magnetostriction materialpractical application.
2. Ultra magnetostriction execution in fluid control system several pieceof applications example
2.1 fuels pour into the valve [ 5]
A Sweden company uses in the fuel Terfenol-D to pour into the valve,and applied for the patent. Like chart 4, its principle is through thecontrol actuation coil electric current, actuates to have the negativemagnetostriction the stick, causes the pin valve to mention or to laydown. This kind of design, has omitted the mechanical part connection,may cause the fuel in to pour into in the process to realize, the highaccuracy fast flows the stepless control, optimized the combustionprocess, moreover for was also quicker, the more precise computercontrol fuel system even exchaust gas system has provided thepossibility.
2.2 Straight Moves types servo valves [ 6]
The servo valve is one kind of converter signal realizes the currentcapacity or the pressure control switching device for the hydraulicpressure signal. The commonly used servo valve actuation part mainlyis an electro-magnet, attempts 5 pieces is Urai uses one kind of newservo valve which the ultra magnetostriction driver designs, itsprinciple is the electric current big 小使ultra magnetostrictionstick elongates through the control coil in or reduces, thus causesthe valve core to open a change, comes carries on the adjustment tothe current capacity or the pressure. The servo valve valve coredisplacement passable position transmitter has fed back to the controlsystem, causes the overall system to form the closed loop.
Ultra magnetostriction Straight Moves type servo valve structure compact,precision high, the speed of response is quicker than theelectrohydraulic servo valve, its maximum output current capacityreaches 2 L/min, the frequency width may reach 650 Hz (-3db).
2.3 fluids actuations piston [ 3]
After coil circular telegram, ultra magnetostriction stick elongation,thus impels the big piston motion, by the hydromechanics in Pascal'slaw, the ultra magnetostriction stick elongated quantity is enlarged,the enlargement factor is equal to the big piston area and the valvepiston area ratio. Otherwise, if the ultra magnetostriction stickimpels the valve piston, then outputs the strength is enlarged.
2.4 thin films miniature pump [ 7 ]
At present, to the micro pipeline, the micro valve, the microflowmeter, micro pumps and so on the part micro flow control systemresearch has become one of miniature mechanical and electrical systemresearch hot spots. But thin film ultra magnetostriction microexecution appearance, also has provided a new method for the microfluid part actuation.
Miniature pumps the actuation has partially used the thin film ultramagnetostriction micro execution which the disc installs. When isvertical exerts a change to the disc surface the magnetic field, thecircle discoid ultra magnetostriction thin film on, under vibrates,when upwardly vibrates, pumps the entrance opens in, the liquid inflowpumps; When vibrates to under, pumps the exportation opens, the liquidwill flow out by the certain pressure pumps.
Pumps outside current capacity passable adjustment magnetic fieldfrequency change, when outside the magnetic field change frequency is2KHz, pumps the output reaches 10 mu l/min, certainly, exteriormagnetic field frequency cannot too be high, otherwise because willdivulge the question to be able to cause the discharge pressure thedrop.
This kind miniature pumps another merit is, may use the non- contacttype actuation, this causes the structure and the energy supplieswhich pumps changes simply. In addition, the ultra magnetostrictionexecution is also applied to the proportion slide-valve, in the smallsatellite propeller micro valve and the ink fast spray prints in thehead fluid control component and so on bubble injector.
3 concluding remark
Ultra magnetostriction execution application to fluid control part,but enormous enhances their performance, this is because the ultramagnetostriction execution appliance has the corresponding speedquick, the output strength is big, bears the pollution and may underthe low magnetic field strength characteristic and so on movement.
At present, the ultra magnetostriction material applied to the fluidcomponent development research work still is at the start stage, buttheir application has poured into the new vigor for the fluid controltechnology. As a rare earth resources great nation, we should holdthis opportunity, greets the high-tech the challenge.
References
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[7]Ibielski, 1990 Erich Ibielski, Bedienungs-Anleitungen. Aufgabe auch für Werber – mit Sonder-Etat, Marketing Journal 23 (1990), pp. 56–61.