2019高考英語 基礎(chǔ)保分篇 第六講 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞講與練 新人教版.doc

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第六講　情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 第一課時(shí)　知識(shí)過關(guān)課  主要用法 典型例句 can/could 表能力“能，會(huì)” I can answer the question. 我能回答這個(gè)問題。 表請求“能，可以” Can you help me with it？ 能幫我一下嗎？ 表允許“能，可以” Can I read your newspaper？ 我能看看你的報(bào)紙嗎？ 提建議“可以” You can ask Mr.Li about it. 這件事你可以問問李先生。 表可能性：可能(問句或否定句) That can’t be Mary.She’s in hospital. 那不可能是瑪麗，她住院了。 What can they be doing？ 他們可能在干什么呢？ may/might 表允許 You may e if you wish.你愿意來可以來。 表可能 This coat may be Peter’s.這件大衣可能是彼得的。 表祝愿 May you succeed！祝你成功！ must 表必要“必須” I must study hard.我必須努力學(xué)習(xí)。 表堅(jiān)持“偏要，非要” Must you make so much noise？你非得弄出這么多噪音嗎？ 表不可避免“必定會(huì)” All men must die.人總有一死。 表推斷“一定、準(zhǔn)是” You must be tired after your long walk.你走了那么遠(yuǎn)的路，一定累了。 shall 在疑問句中征求意見(主語是第一，第三人稱) Shall we begin now？我們現(xiàn)在開始，好嗎？ Shall he wait for you outside？要不要他在外面等你？ 表示說話者給對方的承諾、決心、警告等 You shall have a new dress for your birthday.你過生日一定得有件新衣。 (主語是第二、第三人稱) 表示強(qiáng)制，意為“必須，應(yīng)該” Each petitor shall wear a number.每個(gè)參賽者要戴一個(gè)號碼。(在法令、規(guī)章中) should 表示責(zé)任或義務(wù) He should work harder.他應(yīng)該更加努力。(意為：應(yīng)該，應(yīng)當(dāng)) 表示推斷“可能，該” He should arrive soon.他可能很快就到了。(＝will probably) 表示“竟然” It’s strange that he should be late.真奇怪，他竟會(huì)遲到。 表示不感興趣、驚訝 How should I know？我怎么知道呢？ 表示“萬一”(條件句) If I should be free tomorrow，I would e.萬一明天有空，我就來。 will/would 表示愿意 He will take you home.他愿意送你回家。 表示請求 Will/Would you go with me？你愿意和我一起去嗎？ 表示真理“總是” Oil will float on water.油總是浮在水面上。 表示過去的習(xí)慣 He would get up early when he lived in the country.他住鄉(xiāng)下時(shí)總是早起。 表示要求“一定” You will report to me afterward.你稍后一定要向我報(bào)告。 表示目前情況的預(yù)測“一定，大概” This will be the house you’re looking for.這大概就是你要找的房子。 讀語篇，悟語法。反復(fù)朗讀下列短文，領(lǐng)悟畫線黑體部分。思考：各個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的含義；什么情況下用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的完成式，分別表達(dá)什么含義。 Lucy is an outgoing lady. She can[1] play many kinds of musical instruments. Actually, she could[2] play the piano when she was 8 years old. Lucy also keeps taking exercise every day. She says that she has__to[3] do some sports because she must[4] keep slim.“You shall [5] get fat soon if you don’t take exercise every day. ” she usually says to her friends. As for her, an elegant lady should[6] try to keep fit. However, last week, she found that she might [7] put on weight and she was worried and decided to lose weight. And these days she is always thinking that she may[8] succeed soon if she tries all her best. However, she is always lack of time because she ought__to[9] take care of her children. One night after supper, she walked quickly in order to go dancing at the Tomorrow Park and she was late. On her way, she thought that the dancing must__have__begun[10], and the coach could__have__taught__or__shown[11] many new moves. She was afraid that her friends might__have__left[12] before she got there. She was regretful then. She should__have__had[13] supper earlier, or she could__have__taken__a__taxi[14], and indeed she needn’t__have__taken[15] a bath in advance.When she reached the park finally, she found nobody was there. She remembered suddenly that it had been reported on the radio that there would be a heavy rain that night. 1.can在此表示能力。 2.could在此表示能力，是can的過去式。 3.have to表示“不得不”，強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀需要。 4.must表示“必須”，強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀想法。 5.shall表示說話者的意圖、允諾、告誡、警告等，用于陳述句的第二、第三人稱。 6.should表示勸告或建議，意為“應(yīng)該”。 7.might在此是may的過去式，表示“可能”。 8.may表示“可能”。 9.ought to“應(yīng)該”，表示義務(wù)或責(zé)任，比should語氣重。 10.must have done表示對過去已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事進(jìn)行推測，意為“想必已經(jīng)做了某事”。 11.could have done表示對過去情況的推測，意為“可能已經(jīng)做了某事”。 12.might have done表示“或許已經(jīng)做了某事”。 13.should have done表示“本應(yīng)該做某事(但沒有做)”，有責(zé)備和懊悔之意。 14.could have done意為“本來可以做某事(但沒有做)”，有懊悔之意。 15.needn’t have done表示做了本來不必去做的事情，意為“本不必做某事(但卻做了)”。 Ⅰ.單句填空(用must, can, may, might，shall, should, can’t, needn’t, mustn’t填空。) 1.I needn’t worry about my weekend—I always have my plans ready before it es. 2.Just be patient. You can’t expect the world to change so soon. 3.—May I take this book out of the reading room? —No, you mustn’t. You read it here. 4.You mustn’t park here! It’s an emergency exit. 5.I can’t leave. She told me that I must stay here until she es back. 6.—I don’t really like James. Why did you invite him? —Don’t worry. He may/might not e. He said he wasn’t certain what his plans were. 7.It must have been Tom that parked the car here, as he is the only one with a car. 8.The traffic is heavy this day; I might arrive a bit late, so could you save me a place? 9.It is usually warm in my hometown in March，but it can be rather cold sometimes. 10.She can’t have left school, for her bike is still here. Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)(下列每句中有一處錯(cuò)誤，每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改，請指出并改正。) 1.I used to living in Hunan but now I live in Guangzhou.living→live 2.She could sang very well when she was a girl.sang→sing 3.You’d better to wear rubbers, for it’s raining outside.去掉to 4.I would rather to work than play.去掉to 5.I asked him whether he needs go there.needs→need 6.Something is wrong with my puter and it need repairing.need→needs 7.I can have lent you the money. Why didn’t you ask me？can→could 8.She should able to give us a good answer.在able前加be 9.Judging from what you say, he ought succeed.在ought后加to 10.You mustn’t have told him the news; he knew it already.mustn’t→needn’t 第二課時(shí)　寫作增分課 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在寫作中的增分點(diǎn) 一、利用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的語法特征寫對句子 1.他能游過那條河。(can, swim, across the river) He__can__swim__across__the__river. 2.她可能反對這件事。(may, object to) She__may__object__to__it. 3.他必須不遺余力學(xué)好英語。(must, spare no effort, learn English well) He__must__spare__no__effort__to__learn__English__well. 4.我明年就能開車了。(will, be able to, drive a car) I__will__be__able__to__drive__a__car__next__year. 5.我不會(huì)再遲到了。(won’t, late) I__won’t__be__late__again. 6.你最好盡你最大努力，來實(shí)現(xiàn)父母對你的期望。(had better, try one’s best, live up to, expectations) You__had__better__try__your__best__to__live__up__to__your__parents’__expectations. 7.你不必告訴他什么。(need/have to) You__needn’t__tell__him__anything./You__don’t__have__to__tell__him__anything. 8.她不敢單獨(dú)在夜里出去。(dare, alone) She__daren’t__go__out__at__night__alone./She__doesn’t__dare__to__go__out__at__night__alone. 二、利用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的推測性用法寫靚句子 1.我家鄉(xiāng)春天的天氣相當(dāng)暖和，但有時(shí)也會(huì)非常得冷。(weather, fairly warm, can, extremely cold) The__weather__in__my__hometown__is__fairly__warm__in__spring,__but__it__can__be__extremely__cold__sometimes. 2.你在山路上開車時(shí)一定要小心，因?yàn)橛袝r(shí)可能很危險(xiǎn)。(drive down the mountainous road) You__must__be__careful__when__you__drive__down__the__mountainous__road,__because__it__can__be__dangerous. 3.我明天或許不會(huì)去看你，因?yàn)槲业氖迨迕魈炜赡軄怼?might, call on, drop in) I__might__not__call__on__you__tomorrow,__because__my__uncle__might__drop__in. 4.現(xiàn)在，他不可能在和他的同學(xué)一起旅游。相反，他一定是在家里學(xué)習(xí)。(tour with, study) At__the__moment,__he__can’t__be__touring__with__his__friends.On__the__contrary,__he__must__be__studying__at__home. 5.是因?yàn)槲覍W(xué)習(xí)不夠努力，還是因?yàn)槲覍W(xué)習(xí)方法不當(dāng)？(can, work hard enough, in the right way) Can__it__be__because__I__haven’t__worked__hard__enough__or__because__I__haven’t__studied__in__the__right__way? 6.他隨時(shí)會(huì)到。(should, any moment) He__should__be__here__any__moment. 三、利用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋have done”寫高級句子 1.那天上學(xué)我遲到了。我可能把鬧鐘關(guān)掉后又睡著了。(turn off the alarm clock, fall asleep) I__was__late__for__school__that__day.I__might__have__turned__off__the__alarm__clock__and__fallen__asleep__again. 2.我到家后發(fā)現(xiàn)我的錢包不見了?；蛟S我把它遺忘在你的出租車上了。(can’t find my wallet, leave, taxi) I__couldn’t__find__my__wallet__when__I__got__home.I__might__have__left__it__in__your__taxi. 3.她不可能已經(jīng)走了，因?yàn)樗氖痔岚€在這里。(leave, handbag, lie) She__can’t__have__left,__because__her__handbag__is__still__lying__here. 4.他可能是去北京了，因?yàn)樗?jīng)說過他的姑姑在那里工作。(could, once said) He__could__have__gone__to__Beijing,__because__he__once__said__his__aunt__worked__there. 5.我一定是在回家的路上把它弄丟了。(drop it somewhere on my way home) I__must__have__dropped__it__somewhere__on__my__way__home. 四、巧用“will, shall, would, used to”增加句中“惹眼”成分 1.如果你不聽我的建議，你會(huì)后悔一輩子的。(follow one’s advice, regret) If__you__don’t__follow__my__advice,__you__shall__regret__for__the__rest__of__your__life. 2.我盡力推門，門就是不開。(push, wouldn’t) I__tried__to__push__the__door,__but__it__wouldn’t__open. 3.我告訴他不要輟學(xué)，但他不愿意聽。(tell, drop out of school) I__told__him__not__to__drop__out__of__school,__but__he__wouldn’t__listen. 4.當(dāng)我們小的時(shí)候，他星期天總是來我家和我一起玩。(e over to my home, on Sundays) When__we__were__young,__he__would__e__over__to__my__home__and__play__with__me__on__Sundays. 5.我過去夜里睡得早，但我現(xiàn)在已習(xí)慣熬夜了。(used to, get used to, stay up late) I__used__to__go__to__bed__early__at__night,__but__I__get__used__to__staying__up__late__now.