現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)講解課件.ppt

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語法課堂,上一頁,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),下一頁,主菜單,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),主菜單,上一頁,下一頁,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語,短暫性動(dòng)詞與時(shí)間段的關(guān)系,havebeen與havegone比較,與一般過去時(shí)的用法比較,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成,主菜單,上一頁,下一頁,have(has）+過去分詞,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法,上一頁,下一頁,-Itssodark.-Someonehasturnedoffthelight.(有人剛把燈關(guān)了,對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是:現(xiàn)在很黑),-Areyoufree?-Ihavefinishedmyhomework.Iamfree(我已經(jīng)完成了家庭作業(yè),對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果是很有空),主菜單,1.表示過去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。,上一頁,下一頁,IhavelearntEnglishformorethantenyears.我已經(jīng)學(xué)了10多年的英語。(從10年前開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在還在學(xué))Shehasswumsincehalfanhourago.我已經(jīng)游泳了半個(gè)小時(shí)(半個(gè)小時(shí)前已經(jīng)開始游泳,到現(xiàn)在還在游),現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法,主菜單,2.表示過去已經(jīng)開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài).常與since+過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)，for+一段時(shí)間，sofar等時(shí)間狀語連用。,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的主要用法,1.表示過去發(fā)生的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。,2.表示過去已經(jīng)開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語,常與already,never,ever,just,yet,before,uptonow,sofar,forthelastfewweeksthesedays,sinceforalongtime連用,上一頁,下一頁,主菜單,短暫性動(dòng)詞與時(shí)間段的關(guān)系,短暫性動(dòng)詞在肯定句、疑問句中不能與時(shí)間段連用，這些動(dòng)詞是：become,begin,buy,borrow,come(go,arrive),die,finish,join,leave,等。,上一頁,下一頁,為了表述這種意思,我們常用相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞來代替短暫性動(dòng)詞。,主菜單,becomebe,beginhave,borrowkeep,buyhave,come(go,arrive,get)behere/there/in，diebedead,finishbeover,joinbein（beamemberof）leavebeaway(from),下一頁,上一頁,主菜單,但在否定句中，短暫性動(dòng)詞可以與時(shí)間段連用。如：Ihaventboughtthebikeforayear.我買這輛自行車還不到一年。Shehasntcomehereforanhour.她來這兒還沒有一個(gè)小時(shí)。,上一頁,下一頁,主菜單,翻譯練習(xí)：1.我買了這塊手表五年了。2.這位老人已經(jīng)死了十年了。,Ihaveboughtthiswatchforfiveyears.Ihavehadthiswatchforfiveyears/since5yearsago.,Theoldmanhasdiedfortenyears.Theoldmanhasbeendeadfortenyears/since10yearsago.,W,W,下一頁,上一頁,主菜單,3.他已經(jīng)回來三天了。4.自從六點(diǎn)鐘他就來這兒了。5.我離開家鄉(xiāng)已十年了。,Hehascomebackfor3days.Hehasbeenbackfor3days/since3daysago.,Hehascomeheresince6oclock.Hehasbeenheresince6oclock.,Ihavelefthometownfor10years.Ihavebeenawayfromhometownfor10years.,W,W,W,下一頁,上一頁,主菜單,havebeen與havegone的用法比較,havebeento意思是“到過，去過”，表示曾經(jīng)到過某處，但現(xiàn)在人不在那兒。havegoneto意思是“去了”，表示已經(jīng)去了某地，現(xiàn)在人可能在去的途中或已在那兒了。havebeenin意思是“呆在某處一段時(shí)間了”,上一頁,下一頁,主菜單,HassheeverbeentoNanjing?她曾去過南京嗎？Youhaveneverbeenthere,haveyou?你以前從未去過那兒，是嗎？IhavebeentoGuiling,Iwenttherelastyear.我去過桂林，我去年去的。ShehasgonetoNanjing.她已經(jīng)去南京了。,上一頁,下一頁,主菜單,與一般過去時(shí)的用法比較,一.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)都是說過去的事情，但現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)注意的不是事情本身，而是強(qiáng)調(diào)事情與現(xiàn)在保持的某種密切聯(lián)系（如現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果，影響,一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在等）;而一般過去時(shí)，則只講述發(fā)生在過去的動(dòng)作和事情與現(xiàn)在沒有關(guān)系。,上一頁,下一頁,主菜單,eg：HehasboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.他已經(jīng)買了一本英漢字典。HeboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.他曾買過一本英漢字典。,上一頁,下一頁,第一句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)，想表達(dá)意為：“HeboughtanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.Andhestillhasit”“過去他買了一本英漢字典，現(xiàn)在他還有這本字典”。,第二句用過去時(shí)只敘述過去他買過一本英漢字典這一事實(shí)，至于現(xiàn)在他是否有這本字典并未強(qiáng)調(diào)說明。,主菜單,二當(dāng)有一個(gè)表示過去某一特定時(shí)間的狀語時(shí)，不用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，而用一般過去時(shí):,上一頁,下一頁,eg:Isawthefilmontelevisionyesterday.,但since(自以來)+某一過去時(shí)間或敘述過去事情的從句總是與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。,eg：Theyhaveknowneachothersince1950.,Sincehewasachild,hehaslivedinEngland.,主菜單,三常與一般過去時(shí)連用的典型的表示過去時(shí)間的狀語:,上一頁,下一頁,yesterday(昨天),thedaybeforeyesterday(前天),justnow(剛才)，時(shí)間+ago,last+時(shí)間等;,eg:Theplanetookofftenminutesago.,Wefinishedourtasklastweek.,主菜單,上一頁,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)練習(xí),主菜單,動(dòng)詞填空：1._you_(clean)theroom?Yes,we_(do)thatalready.When_you_(do)it?We_(do)itanhourago.2._he_(see)thisfilmyet?Yes.When_he_(see)it?He_itlastweek.3.Howmanytimes_you_(be)there?,Have,cleaned,havedone,did,do,did,Has,seen,did,see,saw,have,been,下一頁,上一頁,主菜單,4.I_(read)thenoveltwice.Itsinteresting.5.She_(go)toPairs,hasntshe?Yes.How_she_(go)there?She_(go)therebyair.6.Sofar,manycountries_(develop)theirsoftwareprograms.7.MrChen_(give)upsmokinglastyear.8.MrChen_(give)upsmokingsincelastyear.,haveread,hasgone,did,go,went,havedeveloped,gave,hasgiven,下一頁,上一頁,主菜單,選用for和since填空:1.Wehaventseeneachother_alongtime.2.HisfatherhasbeenintheParty_10yearsago.3.Thefilmhasbeenon_20minutes.4.MrGreenhasworkedhere_hecametoChina.5.Hisgrandparentshavebeendead_severalyears.6.Itsfiveyears_wemetlasttime.,for,since,for,since,for,since,下一頁,上一頁,主菜單,用Havebeento,havegoneto,havebeenin填空,Mikeandhisparents_thenorthforhalfayear.Mumisnotathomenow.she_theshop._youever_tokunming?Never.Where_you_thesedays?HasJimarrivedyet?Yes,he_hereforseveraldays.WhereisPeter?Idontknowwherehe_.HiJim!Where_you_?LiLeiislookingforyou.,havebeenin,hasgoneto,havebeen,Havebeen,hasbeen,hasgone,havebeen,下一頁,上一頁,主菜單,改錯(cuò)1.HowlonghaveyoubeguntostudyEnglish?2.Ihaveborrowedthisbookfortwoweeks.3.TheriverhasbecomeverydirtysincelastAugust.4.Ourmanagerisawaytoday.HehasbeentoGuangzhouonbusiness.5.Hehasgoneoutfortwoyears.,studied,kept,been,gone,been,下一頁,上一頁,主菜單,Thehouseisdirty.We_itforweeks.AdidntcleanBhadntcleanedCdontcleanDhaventcleaned2.-_thesportsmeetingmightbeputoff.-Yes,italldependsontheweather.AIvebeentoldBIvetoldCImtoldDItold3.-Imsorrytokeepyouwaiting.-Oh,notatall.I_hereonlyafewminutes.AhavebeenBhadbeenCwasDwillbe4.Youdontneedtodescribeher.I_herseveraltimes.A.hadmetBhavemetCmetDmeet5.-WillyougotoBeijingforvacation?-I_togo,butIdontknowifIcango.AwasplanningBhaveplannedChadbeenplanningDhavebeenplanning,6.-Whenwilltheyleave?-They_verysoon.AdoleaveBareleavingChaveleftDleave7-Washestudyingforanexam?-Yes,hes_itlastweek.AdoingBtotakeCmakingDtogive8.Theteachertoldthepupilsthattheearth_round.AisBwouldCwasDwere9.She_suchaninterestingbookbefore.AwasneverreadingBwillneverreadChadneverreadDhasneverread10.Howlongdoyouthinkthemeeting_AislastingBislastedCwilllastDlasts,、翻譯下列句子：1.你曾經(jīng)吃過魚和薯?xiàng)l嗎？2.我剛剛丟了我的語文書。3.我以前從來沒去過那個(gè)公園。4.他已經(jīng)吃過午飯了。5.你已經(jīng)看過這部電影了嗎？6.我哥哥還沒回來。7.我自從上星期看過這部電影。8.自從1992年他住在這里。9.這本字典我已買了三年了。10.他離開中國(guó)三年了,1.Haveyoueattenfishandfrenchfrise?2.IhavelostmyChinesebook.3Ihaveneverbeentothatpark.4.Hehasalreadyhadlunch.5Haveyouseenthismovieyet?6Mybrotherhasnotreturned.7Ihaveseenthismoviesincelastweek.8Hehaslivedheresince1992.9Ihavehadthisdictionaryforthreeyears.10HehasbeenawayChinaforthreeyears.,