2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ)優(yōu)等生百日闖關(guān)系列 專(zhuān)題13 語(yǔ)法填空(三).doc
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2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ)優(yōu)等生百日闖關(guān)系列 專(zhuān)題13 語(yǔ)法填空(三)方法與知識(shí)中等生在進(jìn)行完詞匯的復(fù)習(xí)之后,基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)就基本鞏固。第二個(gè)階段就是根據(jù)高考題型進(jìn)行對(duì)接訓(xùn)練。在短時(shí)間內(nèi)熟悉高考題型并鞏固基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)。在新課標(biāo)高考試卷中,語(yǔ)法填空題型是英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的最集中的體現(xiàn)。所以,我們依托高考題型語(yǔ)法填空來(lái)復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí),從句中的連接詞是語(yǔ)法填空中??嫉膬?nèi)容。??嫉脑~類(lèi)包括:定語(yǔ)從句、名詞性從句、狀語(yǔ)從句和特殊句式。這些詞有一個(gè)共同特點(diǎn),在高考試題中多以選擇連接詞的形式進(jìn)行考查。定語(yǔ)從句命題規(guī)律 定語(yǔ)從句是高考的熱點(diǎn),對(duì)于定語(yǔ)從句考綱要求掌握以下內(nèi)容:1.引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞;2.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞;3.限制性與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別;4.介詞+關(guān)系代詞的用法;5.不定代詞/數(shù)詞+of which/whom引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句及其該結(jié)構(gòu)與并列句的判斷;6.關(guān)系詞之間的異同現(xiàn)象及選用。定語(yǔ)從句基本考點(diǎn):(1)關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句who,whom,that這些詞代替的先行詞是表示人的名詞或代詞,在從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等,其中whom只能作賓語(yǔ)。which,that所代替的先行詞是表示事物的名詞或代詞,在從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等。whose用來(lái)指人或物,在定語(yǔ)從句中只作定語(yǔ)。(2)關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系副詞when,where,why的先行詞是表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或理由的名詞,在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。需要特別注意:a. 當(dāng)先行詞為一些表示抽象地點(diǎn)的名詞,如:point,situation,case,stage等,如果引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ),常用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句;如果不作狀語(yǔ),則用關(guān)系代詞that/which。b. 先行詞為occasions,當(dāng)“時(shí)機(jī)”講時(shí),用關(guān)系副詞when;當(dāng)“場(chǎng)合”講時(shí),用關(guān)系副詞where。the way后面的定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞。在定語(yǔ)從句中,the way是一個(gè)比較特殊的先行詞,當(dāng)它在從句中充當(dāng)方式狀語(yǔ)時(shí),其后的關(guān)系詞可以是in which,that或省略;但是當(dāng)它在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)成分時(shí),其后的關(guān)系詞就用that或which。(3)“介詞關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 “介詞關(guān)系代詞”中的關(guān)系代詞只有whom(指人),which(指物) 和whose三個(gè)。 “復(fù)合介詞短語(yǔ)關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句常與先行詞用逗號(hào)分開(kāi),定語(yǔ)從句常用倒裝語(yǔ)序。 “ofwhich/whom”表示所屬關(guān)系。(表所屬關(guān)系也可用whose) 需要特別注意:該考點(diǎn)考查的重點(diǎn)在于“用不用介詞”和“用什么介詞”。因此在答題時(shí)我們必須注意解題思路。可采用“先行詞還原法”將先行詞還原到從句中來(lái)確定正確的介詞,具體做法是:a. 把先行詞放在從句中,從句子的意思來(lái)判斷用不用介詞和用什么介詞。b. 注意從句中動(dòng)詞、形容詞、名詞與介詞的固定搭配。(4)as和which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句 as引導(dǎo)的限制性定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系代詞as,which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別:a. as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,既可在主句前,又可在主句后,有時(shí)還可插入主句中,而which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只能置于主句之后。b. 當(dāng)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句放在主句前面時(shí),只能用as。注意此時(shí)與名詞性從句的互換。c. as意為“正如”,后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多是see,know,expect,say,mention,report,announce等;which意為“這一點(diǎn)”。(5)定語(yǔ)從句中的主謂一致關(guān)系代詞作從句的主語(yǔ)時(shí),從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)要與先行詞保持一致,先行詞是句子時(shí),從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式?!皁ne of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”位于關(guān)系代詞前作先行詞時(shí),關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ),從句的動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù),但當(dāng)one前有the, the only, the very等修飾時(shí),從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)。名詞性從句命題規(guī)律名詞性從句是高考的熱點(diǎn),對(duì)于名詞性從句考綱要求掌握以下內(nèi)容:掌握主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句的基本用法,了解同位語(yǔ)從句的基本用法。要求考生在復(fù)習(xí)備考中應(yīng)該掌握名詞性從句的基本用法;一些易混引導(dǎo)詞的辨析;句子的語(yǔ)序、否定前移;名詞性從句和定語(yǔ)從句、狀語(yǔ)從句的辨析等。名詞性從句基本考點(diǎn):(1)名詞性從句的連接詞連接詞that,whether和ifI. 這三個(gè)連詞在句中只起連接作用,不作句子成分,that本身無(wú)意義,有時(shí)可省略,whether和if本身有意義,均不能省略。that和whether可以連接所有的名詞性從句,而if引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)只能引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句或不在句首的主語(yǔ)從句。II. whether與if的用法比較二者均可作“是否”講,都可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句,引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)可以互換。在下列情況下,常用whether,不用if:a. whether引導(dǎo)從句可以放于句首。b. whether可引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句,if不可。c. whether可以作介詞賓語(yǔ),if則不可。d. whether后可以加不定式,if不可。e. 可以用whether.or引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,意為“無(wú)論,不論”,if則不可。連接代詞引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接代詞有:who,whom,whose,what,which,whatever,whichever,whoever。連接代詞在句中既起連接作用,同時(shí)又充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等成分。連接副詞引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接副詞有:when,where,how,why。連接副詞在句中既是連接詞,又作狀語(yǔ)。(2)主語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ),大多數(shù)主語(yǔ)從句都可以用it作形式主語(yǔ)而把主語(yǔ)從句置于句尾。that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句時(shí)可用it作形式主語(yǔ),that不可??;what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句表示“的東西”時(shí),一般不用it作形式主語(yǔ);whatever,whoever,whichever一般也不用it作形式主語(yǔ)。I. It系動(dòng)詞形容詞(necessary,right,likely,unlikely,wrong,important,certain,clear,obvious,strange,normal等)that從句II. Itbe名詞(短語(yǔ))(a pity,a shame,good news,a fact,an honour,a wonder,no wonder等)that從句III. Itbe過(guò)去分詞(said,told,heard,reported,decided,suggested,advised,ordered,remembered,thought,considered,wellknown,announced等)that從句IV. It特殊動(dòng)詞(seem,appear,happen,matter)that從句注意:a. 在“It is necessary,important,strange,naturalthat從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中,從句常用“(should)動(dòng)詞原形”形式。b. 在“Itbesuggested,advised,ordered,requested,insisted,requiredthat從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中,that從句應(yīng)用“(should)動(dòng)詞原形”。(3)賓語(yǔ)從句在句中起賓語(yǔ)作用的從句稱(chēng)為賓語(yǔ)從句。賓語(yǔ)從句可分為三類(lèi):動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)從句、介詞的賓語(yǔ)從句和形容詞的賓語(yǔ)從句。動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)從句I. 大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞(hope,tell,say,know,think,consider,imagine,hear,expect,suppose,guess等)可以帶賓語(yǔ)從句。注意:在think,believe,suppose,expect等動(dòng)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中,有時(shí)謂語(yǔ)盡管是否定意義,卻不用否定形式,而將think等動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄐ问?,這一現(xiàn)象稱(chēng)為否定前移。II. 動(dòng)詞find,feel,think,consider,make,believe等后有賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí),則需要it作形式賓語(yǔ)而將that賓語(yǔ)從句后置。III. 有些動(dòng)詞帶賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)習(xí)慣上需要在賓語(yǔ)從句前加it。這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞(詞組)有hate,enjoy,like,love,dislike,see to等。一般情況下介詞后只能用wh類(lèi)連接詞引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。注意:a. where引導(dǎo)的從句有時(shí)也可用作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。b. that引導(dǎo)的從句作介詞的賓語(yǔ)是很少有的,只有在except,in,but等介詞后偶爾可能用到。sure,certain,glad,pleased,happy,surprised等表示“情感”的形容詞后也可帶賓語(yǔ)從句。(4)表語(yǔ)從句在句中作表語(yǔ)的從句稱(chēng)為表語(yǔ)從句。共分三類(lèi):主句的主語(yǔ)是idea,advice,suggestion,order,request,requirement等名詞時(shí),表語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,即“(should)動(dòng)詞原形”的形式。主語(yǔ)為名詞reason時(shí),表語(yǔ)從句中的連接詞要用that,而不用why或because。because,as if,as though,as,like等連接詞也可引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句。(5)同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句是用以解釋說(shuō)明某一名詞內(nèi)容和實(shí)質(zhì)的從句。能接同位語(yǔ)從句的名詞有:belief,fact,hope,idea,doubt,news,conclusion,suggestion,problem,order,answer,decision,explanation,information,thought等。同位語(yǔ)從句一般用that引導(dǎo),但也可以用連接代詞(what,which,who)、連接副詞(when,where,why,how)或whether引導(dǎo)。有時(shí)同位語(yǔ)從句不緊跟在它所說(shuō)明的某個(gè)名詞后,而是被別的詞隔開(kāi)。(6)名詞性從句的幾個(gè)難點(diǎn)that通常不可省略的四種情況:I. 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句,that置于句首時(shí)不可省略。II. 當(dāng)一個(gè)句子有兩個(gè)或多個(gè)并列的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),引導(dǎo)第二個(gè)和以后幾個(gè)從句的that不可省略。III. 在由it作形式賓語(yǔ),that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中,that也不可省略。IV. 引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí),that也不可省略。what與that的區(qū)別:what在從句中充當(dāng)一定成分并且具有特定含義“的人(地方、東西)等”;that只起引導(dǎo)作用,在主語(yǔ)從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分并且也沒(méi)有含義。狀語(yǔ)從句命題規(guī)律考綱要求在復(fù)習(xí)狀語(yǔ)從句中掌握如下幾點(diǎn):1.全面掌握狀語(yǔ)從句的九大類(lèi)別;2.根據(jù)歷年高考試題,對(duì)狀語(yǔ)從句的考點(diǎn)要進(jìn)行全面的歸納,在九大類(lèi)別中的考查熱點(diǎn)中,重點(diǎn)把握在引導(dǎo)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、條件、讓步、比較、原因狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞運(yùn)用上;3.熟練運(yùn)用出現(xiàn)頻率較高讓步狀語(yǔ)從句和原因狀語(yǔ)從句;4.做好易混詞的辨析如:as, when, while等,時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句因?yàn)檫B接詞容易出現(xiàn)在一些常用結(jié)構(gòu)里也經(jīng)常出現(xiàn);5. 掌握狀語(yǔ)從句中的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣、省略;6.與其它從句、句型結(jié)合起來(lái)分析、辨析。狀語(yǔ)從句基本考點(diǎn):(1)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句 when 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,意為“當(dāng)時(shí)”,表示主句的動(dòng)作和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)或先后發(fā)生。 while引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,意為“與同時(shí),在期間”,從句常用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞。 as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,意為“正當(dāng);一邊一邊;隨著”等意思,表示兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。 as soon as,immediately,directly,instantly,the moment,the minute,the instant,no sooner.than.,hardly/scarcely.when.和once這些從屬連詞引導(dǎo)的從句都表示從句的動(dòng)作一發(fā)生,主句的動(dòng)作隨即就發(fā)生,常譯為“一就”。從句中用一般時(shí)態(tài)代替將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)。注意:no sooner.than.,hardly/scarcely.when.的時(shí)態(tài)搭配:no sooner與hardly/scarcely后的句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用過(guò)去完成時(shí),而than與when引導(dǎo)的句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。此外,當(dāng)把no sooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首時(shí),應(yīng)用倒裝語(yǔ)序。before/sincea. 表示“還未就;不到就;才;還沒(méi)來(lái)得及就”。b. It will be一段時(shí)間before.“多久之后才”。c. since的常用句型:It is (has been) /was一段時(shí)間since(從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)/過(guò)去完成時(shí)) until/till主句為肯定句時(shí),謂語(yǔ)用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞;主句為否定句時(shí),謂語(yǔ)用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。(2)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句 通常由連詞where和wherever引導(dǎo),從句可位于主句之前,也可位于主句之后。 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句在句首時(shí)常兼有抽象條件意味。 where引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別。where引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句直接修飾動(dòng)詞,而在定語(yǔ)從句中where作為關(guān)系副詞要跟在表示地點(diǎn)的先行詞后面。(3)條件狀語(yǔ)從句 通常由if“如果”, unless“如果不;除非”,as (so) long as“只要”,in case (that) “結(jié)果,萬(wàn)一”,once“一旦”,when“既然”等連詞引導(dǎo)。由on condition (that),provided (that),providing (that) “倘若;假使”, supposing (that),in case“如果”等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句。(4)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句 讓步狀語(yǔ)從句可由although,though,as,while,even if (though),whatever (wherever,whoever.),whether.or.,no matter who (when,what.) 等引導(dǎo)。 while作“盡管”講,引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),往往放在句首。(5)原因狀語(yǔ)從句和方式狀語(yǔ)從句 原因狀語(yǔ)從句通常由because,since,as,now that,seeing (that),considering that等引導(dǎo)。 方式狀語(yǔ)從句用來(lái)表示主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的方式,常由as“像一樣”, as if (though) “似乎,好像”等引導(dǎo)。(6)目的狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞主要有in order that,so that,for fear that “害怕,擔(dān)心發(fā)生某事”, in case “以防”等。從句中常用may,might,can,could,should等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。特殊句式命題規(guī)律從近幾年高考試題來(lái)看,特殊句式主要考查倒裝句、省略句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句的用法。特殊句式比較雜亂,掌握起來(lái)有一定的難度。其中倒裝句是高考的熱點(diǎn),強(qiáng)調(diào)句是高考的難點(diǎn)。同時(shí),祈使句與陳述句的區(qū)別、省略與替代的合理運(yùn)用也是高考考查的重點(diǎn)項(xiàng)目。近三年的高考題更加注重考查知識(shí)之間的交叉現(xiàn)象,如在考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句的同時(shí)考查定語(yǔ)從句,把省略、強(qiáng)調(diào)句與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句的考查等融合在一起,考查考生綜合把握語(yǔ)言知識(shí)的能力。特殊句式基本考點(diǎn):(1)倒裝句 完全倒裝a. 表示方式或方位的副詞或介詞短語(yǔ),如here,there,now,then,up,down,in,away,off,out,in the room,on the wall等置于句首時(shí),句子用完全倒裝。b. 表語(yǔ)位于句首時(shí),其倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)為“表語(yǔ)連系動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)”。 部分倒裝a. only修飾副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句,且放在句首時(shí)。b. 否定副詞never,nor,not,hardly,little,seldom,scarcely,rarely及表否定意義的介詞短語(yǔ)at no time,under/in no circumstances,in no case,by no means,on no condition等置于句首時(shí)。c. 當(dāng)so/neither/nor位于句首時(shí),可將其后的部分謂語(yǔ)置于主語(yǔ)之前,構(gòu)成部分倒裝。d. hardly.when.,no sooner.than.,not only.but also.等連接兩個(gè)句子且hardly,no sooner,not only位于句首時(shí),前一個(gè)句子用部分倒裝,后一個(gè)句子不倒裝。e. 在so.that.和such.that.句式中,如果so或such引導(dǎo)的部分位于句首時(shí),主句中的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)需要部分倒裝。f. as/though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí),可將表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞提前,構(gòu)成倒裝。句式為:表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或動(dòng)詞原形as/though主語(yǔ)其他。(though引導(dǎo)的從句也可用正常語(yǔ)序) (2)強(qiáng)調(diào)句型 強(qiáng)調(diào)句的基本句型是“It is/was被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分that/who其他部分”。被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分可以是主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)等。 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的一般疑問(wèn)句只需將is/was提前;特殊疑問(wèn)句的結(jié)構(gòu)是“疑問(wèn)詞is/wasitthat從句”。 如果原句中含有“not.until”,在強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí),將主句中的否定詞not連同狀語(yǔ)一起提前。 do/does/did強(qiáng)調(diào)句型:do/does/did只能對(duì)謂語(yǔ)進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào),且只能用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的肯定句中。(3)省略在when,while,whenever,till,as soon as,if,unless,as if,though,as等引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中,若謂語(yǔ)部分含有be動(dòng)詞,而主語(yǔ)又與主句主語(yǔ)相同或主語(yǔ)是it時(shí),從句的主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞常被省略。Im afraid,I think,I believe,I hope,I guess等作答句,后面跟so與not分別等于肯定或否定,賓語(yǔ)從句可省去。不定式省略,單獨(dú)使用不定式符號(hào)to。注意:用來(lái)代替動(dòng)詞不定式后被省略的動(dòng)詞,常在be afraid/glad/happy,expect,forget,hope,intend,like,love,mean,prefer,refuse,seem,try,want,wish等的后邊,但be動(dòng)詞后有助動(dòng)詞be 和 have時(shí),be 和 have不能省略?!究祭治觥俊纠?】 He was very tired fromdoing this for a whole day, _he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” higher.【解析】but 句中very happy與very tired是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,兩句間是逗號(hào)且沒(méi)有連詞,故填連詞but。【例2】So Nick called to his son, “Go to the village and buy some salt, but pay a fair price for it: neither too much _ too little.”【例3】In the days when an ice cream cost much less, Tom, an 8-year-old boy, entered a hotel coffee shop _ sat at a table.【解析】and 句中entered a hotel coffee shop和sat at a table是主語(yǔ)發(fā)出的兩個(gè)并列的動(dòng)作?!纠?】Cursing my misfortune, I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to _ should have the honor of receiving me as a guest in their house.【解析】who 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句且在從句中做主語(yǔ),指人?!纠?】 One day, he came up with an idea _he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches.【解析】that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句,說(shuō)明idea的具體內(nèi)容,從句意義完整且不缺句子成分。【例6】The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds and all the other students wondered _ the boy would do.【解析】what 引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句并在從句中作do的賓語(yǔ)?!纠?】Jane paused in front of a counter _ some attractive ties were on display.【解析】where 句子+句子,中間必填連接詞;后句修飾前句,關(guān)系副詞where在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)?!纠?】 He filled his leather container so that he could bring some back to an elder _ had been his teacher.【解析】who/that 代替an elder,引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句并在從句中做主語(yǔ)?!纠?】Behind him were other people to _ he was trying to talk, but after some minutes they walked away and sat near me, looking annoyed.【解析】whom 還原talk to sb.可知,用whom引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句?!纠?0】We understand this lesson best _ we receive gifts of love from children.【解析】when 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,表示“當(dāng)時(shí)”?!纠?1】My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me _ the bus arrived.【例12】_ he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back, he was wrong.【解析】If 表?xiàng)l件。he thought與he was wrong是兩個(gè)句子,沒(méi)有連詞?!痉椒偨Y(jié)】如何判斷空格處應(yīng)填連接詞?(1) 并列連詞:如果空格在兩個(gè)或幾個(gè)單詞或短語(yǔ)之間,那么就可能填連詞。(2) 主從復(fù)合句的連接詞:如果兩個(gè)句子之間沒(méi)有連詞,也沒(méi)有分號(hào)或句號(hào),那么一定是填引導(dǎo)從句的連接詞。體驗(yàn)高考 xx遼寧卷 閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(不多于3個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Jonny:Hey!Im just practising Tai Chi(太極)Would you like to join me?Peter:I know nothing about it.Is it difficult?Jonny:It seems easy,but you need a lot of practice.You just follow me like this.Peter:OK.Dont laugh _1_ me.I may look funny.Jonny:Bend your knees slightly and reach out your arms like tree branches,naturally and _2_ (soft)Try to keep your body straight.Move slowly,then be sure to keep your balance and dont let your body shake.Peter:I cannot control my body well.My legs bee _3_(pain)Jonny:Keep _4_(hold) your position for a while.It helps develop your strength and flexibility.Raise your leg and let _5_ stay in the air for seconds.Peter:I feel my legs shaking.I cannot do this any longer.Jonny:Be patient!Tai Chi _6_(call) “shadow boxing” in English.It asks you to act like water:to be flexible as well _7_ strong.In real petition,a Tai Chi master borrows the strength of the petitor and uses this energy to fight back.The _8_(hard) you try to beat him,the more likely you will get hit.He controls you!Peter:Unbelievable!Oh,_9_ you dont mind,Ill stop and take a deep _10_.【答案】【小題1】at【小題2】softly【小題3】painful【小題4】holding【小題5】it【小題6】is called【小題7】as【小題8】harder【小題9】if【小題10】breath【解析】試題分析:【小題1】考查介詞。句意是:不要嘲笑我。這里使用了詞組:laugh at“嘲笑”。用介詞at?!拘☆}2】考查副詞。句意:慢慢彎曲膝蓋,象樹(shù)枝一樣自然地輕柔地伸展手臂。用副詞softly修飾reach out?!拘☆}3】考查形容詞。根據(jù)上文的內(nèi)容,可知Peter不能控制自己的身體,腿很疼。形容詞painful“疼的”。【小題7】考查詞組as well as。句意:它要求你表現(xiàn)的象水一樣,要靈活也要有力。填as【小題8】考查固定句型。你越是努力擊敗他,就越可能被擊敗。使用了the+比較級(jí)+主謂,the+比較級(jí)+主謂的句型,填harder【小題9】考查連詞。這句話(huà)的意思是:如果你不介意,我會(huì)停下來(lái),喘口氣。使用if引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句?!拘☆}10】考查名詞。take a deep breath深呼吸,喘口氣。考點(diǎn):考查語(yǔ)法填空模擬新題精選1.【xx屆山東省煙臺(tái)市高三一模診斷測(cè)試】The way we cook is important. In many countries, the two choices are 1 (nature) gas or electric-powered stoves.The World Health Organization warns that millions of people 2 (suffer) from indoor air pollution at present time, which results from the use of 3 (danger) fuels and cook-stoves in the home.WHO officials say nearly three billion people are 4 (able) to use clean fuels and technologies for cooking ,heating and lighting. As a result, more than seven million people die from exposure to indoor or outdoor air pollution each year. Most of the deaths are in 5 (develop) countries, such as lndia, China and Latin American countries.WHO officials say opening a window or door 6 (let)out the harmful air will not correct the situation 7 will only pollute the outdoors.Nigel Bruce, 8 is a professor of Public Health at the University of Liverpool, says researchers are developing good cook-stoves and other equipment to burn fuels 9 a more efficient way.But, this is just a start. It is urging developing countries to use 10 (clean) fuels and increase access to cleaner and more modern cooking and heating appliances(用具).【答案】【小題1】natural【小題2】are suffering【小題3】dangerous【小題4】unable【小題5】developing【小題6】to let【小題7】It/That【小題8】who【小題9】in【小題10】cleaner【解析】試題分析:世界衛(wèi)生組織發(fā)現(xiàn)烹飪的方式是非常重要的。由于烹飪方式的錯(cuò)誤,所以很多人們?cè)馐苤諝馕廴镜睦_?,F(xiàn)在,有研究人員正在研究能夠有效利用能源的烹飪器材。【小題1】natural 考查形容詞。通過(guò)下文的gas可知此處需要形容詞以修飾名詞gas,故填natural,構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)natural gas,意為天然氣?!拘☆}2】are suffering 考查時(shí)態(tài)。通過(guò)下文的at present time可知,這件事情是正在發(fā)生的。故選用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí),填are suffering,意為正在遭受?!拘☆}3】dangerous 考查形容詞。通過(guò)下文的fuels可知此處需要形容詞以修飾名詞fuel,故填dangerous,意為危險(xiǎn)的能源?!拘☆}4】unable 考查形容詞。根據(jù)上文的are可知此處需要填形容詞,但是再根據(jù)句意為可知:三十億人們無(wú)法使用干凈的能源,故加上其否定前綴,填unable。【小題5】developing 考查形容詞。根據(jù)下文所舉例子可知,這些國(guó)家都是發(fā)展中國(guó)家,故填developing,構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)developing countries,意為發(fā)展中國(guó)家?!拘☆}6】to let 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。本題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞擔(dān)當(dāng)目的狀語(yǔ)的用法,上文的open a window or door的目的是為了讓有毒的空氣流通出去,故選用不定式表示目的,填to let?!拘☆}7】It/That 考查代詞。本句句意為:只會(huì)污染戶(hù)外。通過(guò)上下文的理解可知,這里所指內(nèi)容為上文提到的開(kāi)窗或門(mén)。故填it或that指代這一行為,注意首字母大寫(xiě)?!拘☆}8】who 考查定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞。本句為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,先行詞為Nigel Bruce,在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)主語(yǔ),故填who。2.【山東省濰坊市重點(diǎn)中學(xué)xx屆高三12月階段性教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(cè)】閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(不多于3個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Sue: Hi, Josh. I just saw you having your driving lesson. How_1_it go?Josh: It was OK at first. But I had to do some parking at the end and I kept _2_(get) that wrong.Sue: Im sure its all hard. My sisters just learned to drive but Ive _3_ (decision) to leave it for another year or two. I dont think Im old enough.Josh: I just dont want to ask my parents for lifts. It would be_4_(easy) for them if I could drive.Sue: It would be of great_5_ (useful). But are you ready to take the driving test soon?Josh: Perhaps I will fail in this time. I need some time _6_(practise) any way.Sue: Are you going to get your own car after the test?Josh: My parents have said theyll get _7_for me. They know I cant_8_(real) afford it.Sue: Youre lucky. Are you planning to drive to college like our classmates each day?Josh: I think I _9_(continue) taking the bus. The petrol would cost too much_10_ theres nowhere to park either.Sue: Maybe thats best.【答案】【小題1】did【小題2】getting 【小題3】.decidedmade a decision【小題4】easier 【小題5】use【小題6】to practise【小題7】one【小題8】really【小題9】will continue【小題10】and【解析】試題解析:本題主要考查單詞拼寫(xiě)以及在此基礎(chǔ)上需要考生能運(yùn)用正確的時(shí)態(tài),正確的詞的形式,考慮到正確的固定短語(yǔ)搭配,屬于較為基礎(chǔ)的一類(lèi)題目。【小題1】did 考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)及語(yǔ)態(tài)分析。首先此句為疑問(wèn)句,根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu),空白處缺少助動(dòng)詞do,再分析時(shí)態(tài),由just saw可知為一般過(guò)去時(shí),故此處填did。句意:嗨,Josh,我剛看見(jiàn)你在練車(chē),你學(xué)的怎么樣啦?【小題3】decidedmade a decision 考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。此處給定詞為名詞,時(shí)態(tài)為完成時(shí)態(tài),故此處需接名詞的動(dòng)詞形式或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ),做決定decidemake a decision,完成時(shí)態(tài)動(dòng)詞為過(guò)去分詞形式。故填decidedmade a decision。句意:我相信那很難,我姐姐剛剛學(xué)車(chē),但我決定過(guò)一兩年再學(xué),我想我年齡還不夠?!拘☆}4】easier 考查形容詞比較級(jí)。根據(jù)后文if引導(dǎo)的虛擬語(yǔ)氣,可知此處為比較級(jí),故填easier。句意:我只是不想找我的父母尋求幫助來(lái)提高水平,我想如果我會(huì)開(kāi)車(chē)的話(huà),他們會(huì)輕松很多?!拘☆}5】use 考查be of用法。be + 形容詞意同be of + 與此形容詞對(duì)應(yīng)的名詞。所以此處缺乏名詞,應(yīng)填寫(xiě)useful的名詞形式use,意為有用,意同be useful。句意:那一定很有用,但是你準(zhǔn)備好馬上就考駕照嗎?【小題6】to practise 考查need用法。Need需要,可接名詞,表示需要,可接動(dòng)詞不定式形式,表示需要做,故此處應(yīng)填to practise。句意:可能我這次會(huì)失敗。但不管怎樣,我都需要一些時(shí)間去練習(xí)。【小題7】one 考查冠詞用法。根據(jù)前文“ Are you going to get your own car after the test?”你準(zhǔn)備拿到駕照之后就買(mǎi)車(chē)嗎?可知空白處應(yīng)表示自己的車(chē)。此處為避免重復(fù),應(yīng)使用one來(lái)代指問(wèn)題中提到的自己的車(chē)。故填one。句意:我父母說(shuō)他們會(huì)買(mǎi)給我,【小題8】really 考查副詞用法。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),主謂賓均完整,空白處缺乏副詞。Real為形容詞,表示真的,副詞形式為really表示確切地,真實(shí)地。故填really。句意:他們知道我真的擔(dān)負(fù)不起?!拘☆}9】will continue 考查時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境以及后文中的would可知,此處Josh想表示自己將來(lái)的狀態(tài),應(yīng)為一般將來(lái)時(shí),故填will continue。句意:我認(rèn)為我會(huì)繼續(xù)乘坐公交車(chē)?!拘☆}10】and 考查連詞用法。分析句子,此處空白處前后均為完整的兩個(gè)句子,可知此處缺乏連詞。在分析前后兩句邏輯關(guān)系,分別指出不買(mǎi)車(chē)的原因,應(yīng)為并列關(guān)系。故填and。句意:汽油會(huì)浪費(fèi)很多錢(qián),而且也沒(méi)有地方可以停車(chē)??键c(diǎn):考查單詞拼寫(xiě)及其正確形式。3.【遼寧省丹東五校協(xié)作體xx屆高三期末考試】閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(不多于3個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。I gain a lot of rewarding experiences from some social activities. Our local munity Youth Club is a very popular organization with young people in my town. I have been a member for four years now and Ive taken part in a lot of interesting projects, 1 include fun activities such as holiday camps and discos. We have organized sports petitions and we have even made a video.But it isnt all just enjoyment, we have also started doing social work to help people in our neighborhood. We 2 (organize) activities for small children during the holidays. We have also formed a special support group to help young people stop 3 (smoke).We are particularly proud of the most recent group we have created. It organizes regular visits 4 the local old peoples home. My class spent an afternoon at a home and everyone found the visit very rewarding. The old people there were 5 (talk) and they told us their personal stories 6 (cheer) . During our visit, the home was filled with _ 7 (laugh).But we realized that life wasnt always easy .Some of them were in poor health and were very 8 (happy).Many young people like me do not live with our grandparents and we have little contact with elderly people. As a result, many young people dont know 9_ they are like. After this visit, my friends and I decided that we should do _ 10 to help improve the quality of their lives.【答案】【小題1】which【小題2】have organized/organised【小題3】smoking【小題4】to【小題5】talkative【小題6】cheerfully【小題7】laughter【小題8】unhappy【小題9】what【小題10】something【解析】試題分析:【小題1】本句考查定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞為上句的projects,在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)主語(yǔ),故填which。句意為:我已經(jīng)參加了很多有趣的項(xiàng)目,其中包括一些很有意思的活動(dòng),比如假日營(yíng)地和迪斯科?!拘☆}2】本句考查時(shí)態(tài)。通過(guò)上文的we have also started doing social work to help people和下文的We have also formed a special support group可知本句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),故填have organized?!拘☆}5】本句考查形容詞作表語(yǔ)。句意為:那兒的老人們都很健談。故填talkative。表示健談的?!拘☆}6】本句考查副詞作狀語(yǔ)。修飾動(dòng)詞用副詞。故填cheerfully。句意為:他們高興地告訴我們他們的一些事情?!拘☆}7】本句考查名詞作賓語(yǔ)??崭袂盀榻樵~,故其后需填名詞laughter。句意為:老人之家里充滿(mǎn)了歡聲笑語(yǔ)?!拘☆}8】本句考查形容詞用法。前一個(gè)分句表示:有些人健康狀態(tài)不好,由此可以推斷出他們非常不開(kāi)心,而不是開(kāi)心。故填所給詞happy的反義,所以填unhappy?!拘☆}9】本句考查名詞性從句。本句為賓語(yǔ)從句缺表語(yǔ),故填what。句意為:因此,很多年輕人都不知道他們什么樣?!拘☆}10】本句考查不定代詞。根據(jù)句意:這次拜訪(fǎng)之后,我和我的朋友們決定我們應(yīng)該做些什么去幫助改善這些老人的生活質(zhì)量。做些事,用短語(yǔ):do something??键c(diǎn):考查此類(lèi)用法4.【遼寧省錦州市xx屆高三上學(xué)期期末考試英語(yǔ)】閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(不多于3個(gè)單詞)或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Everyone has his own attitude 1 getting old. The night before her eighth birthday, I found my daughter Lizzy sat on her bed 2 (weep).“I love being seven,”she cried.“I dont want to be eight!”I held her in my arms and explained that 3 was going to be even better to be eight than being seven. I told her how much I loved her and 4 a wonderful birthday she was going to have. 5 (eventual) she was forted. Its always strange 6 (tell) that you are a year older, even when you arent very old. Now Im in my early 60s, and I dont always recognize the face in the mirror, 7 something has changed the way that I think. The process of aging increasingly interests and amazes me, annoys and irritates me, and sometimes still makes me 8 (frighten), too, but much, much less than it used to. There is 9 ongoing sadness at the absence of the friends and family members 10 have died before me.【答案】【小題1】towards/to【小題2】weeping【小題3】it【小題4】what【小題5】Eventually【小題6】to be told【小題7】but【小題8】frightened【小題9】an 【小題10】who【解析】試題解析:本文講述作者對(duì)于變老的態(tài)度?!拘☆}1】考查固定短語(yǔ)。have an antitude to/toward 對(duì)有態(tài)度,根據(jù)句意是每個(gè)人都對(duì)變老有自己的態(tài)度,故填towards/to;【小題2】考查固定短語(yǔ)。find sb.doing sth.發(fā)現(xiàn)某人正在干某事,根據(jù)句意是我發(fā)現(xiàn)女兒坐在床上正在哭,故填weeping【小題3】考查形式主語(yǔ)。根據(jù)句子63 was going to be even better to be eight than being seven.后半部分to be eight than being seven.應(yīng)是真正的主語(yǔ),因此用it做形式主語(yǔ),故填 it【小題4】考查感嘆句。What+an/a+adj.+n.,意為多么該句意為她將會(huì)擁有多么美妙的生日,故填what【小題5】考查詞語(yǔ)變形。根據(jù)句子she was forted 要修飾動(dòng)詞,只有用副詞,故要將eventual 變?yōu)楦痹~形式,故填Eventually【小題8】考查詞語(yǔ)變形。根據(jù)句子sometimes still makes me- 1.請(qǐng)仔細(xì)閱讀文檔,確保文檔完整性,對(duì)于不預(yù)覽、不比對(duì)內(nèi)容而直接下載帶來(lái)的問(wèn)題本站不予受理。
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