2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ)優(yōu)等生百日闖關(guān)系列 專(zhuān)題11 語(yǔ)法填空詞類(lèi)復(fù)習(xí)（一）.doc

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2019-2020年高考英語(yǔ)優(yōu)等生百日闖關(guān)系列 專(zhuān)題11 語(yǔ)法填空詞類(lèi)復(fù)習(xí)（一）方法與知識(shí)中等生在進(jìn)行完詞匯的復(fù)習(xí)之后，基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)就基本鞏固。第二個(gè)階段就是根據(jù)高考題型進(jìn)行對(duì)接訓(xùn)練。在短時(shí)間內(nèi)熟悉高考題型并鞏固基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)。在新課標(biāo)高考試卷中，語(yǔ)法填空題型是英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的最集中的體現(xiàn)。所以，我們依托高考題型語(yǔ)法填空來(lái)復(fù)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)，詞類(lèi)是語(yǔ)法填空中常考的內(nèi)容。常考的詞類(lèi)包括：名詞、代詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞及介詞短語(yǔ)。這些詞有一個(gè)共同特點(diǎn)，在高考試題中多以詞形變化的形式進(jìn)行考查，其次是固定搭配。名詞命題規(guī)律 名詞的“可數(shù)”與“不可數(shù)”是高考命題的熱點(diǎn)之一。名詞的考查強(qiáng)調(diào)語(yǔ)言的情景化，重點(diǎn)考查在特定語(yǔ)境、真實(shí)語(yǔ)境中的準(zhǔn)確辨析、選擇和運(yùn)用名詞的能力。名詞短語(yǔ)的固定搭配及名詞作定語(yǔ)也是高考命題的注意點(diǎn)。 另外，在熟練掌握名詞的基本意義和用法的同時(shí)，要特別留意某些名詞的基本意義之外的引申、拓展和熟詞生義的用法。名詞的考點(diǎn)歸納：(1)抽象名詞具體化：beauty美、美麗（不可數(shù)名詞） a beauty美人、美麗的東西（可數(shù)名詞）；experience經(jīng)驗(yàn)（不可數(shù)名詞）an experience一次經(jīng)歷（可數(shù)名詞）；surprise吃驚、驚奇（不可數(shù)名詞） a surprise令人吃驚的人或事（可數(shù)名詞）；honor榮譽(yù)、信譽(yù)（不可數(shù)名詞） an honor一種光榮的人或事（可數(shù)名詞）；failure失?。ú豢蓴?shù)名詞） a failure/failures失敗的人或事（可數(shù)名詞）等等。(2)名詞短語(yǔ)的固定的搭配：have/gain access to接近，到達(dá)；take into consideration考慮；take advantage of利用；in consequence of 由于 的緣故 ；put into effect 實(shí)行，生效 等等?！究祭治觥?.“Learn through use” is a good piece of _ (advise) for those who are studying a new language. Ill stop and take a deep _.【答案與解析】考查名詞。take a deep breath深呼吸，喘口氣。We dont have to take great pains to control waste, but action and a grateful heart are needed; thank the water that runs through our fingers, and save it for poor Arabian or African countries struggling in water _ (short); 【答案與解析】shortage考查名詞。根據(jù)句意：為貧窮的因水資源短缺而爭(zhēng)斗的阿拉伯國(guó)家或非洲國(guó)家節(jié)約水，此處應(yīng)填寫(xiě)short的名詞形式，故正確詞語(yǔ)是shortage。4.With the _ (develop) of industry, air pollution is getting more and more serious.【xx屆甘肅省天水一中一診】【答案與解析】隨著工業(yè)的發(fā)展，空氣污染變得越來(lái)越嚴(yán)重?？疾槊~：發(fā)展：development5.Air pollution is caused by the following 3_: about half of the problem is caused by vehicles. 【xx屆甘肅省天水一中一診】【答案與解析】空氣污染是由下面的原因造成的?？疾槊~“原因”reasons6. If everybody realizes the _(important) of environment and does something to stop pollution, the problem will be solved.【答案與解析】如果每個(gè)人都注意到環(huán)境的重要性?？疾槊~“重要性”：importance【方法總結(jié)】1.介詞和動(dòng)詞后面可能缺賓語(yǔ)，這時(shí)填名詞；2.考查含有名詞的固定短語(yǔ)；3.句子缺主語(yǔ)時(shí)也可能填名詞作主語(yǔ)；4.冠詞后面可能填名詞；5一定要注意名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。代詞命題規(guī)律一、代詞是每年必考，貫穿于各個(gè)試題類(lèi)型的一個(gè)基本知識(shí)。考綱要求在廣泛掌握代詞基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的前提下，強(qiáng)調(diào)在具體語(yǔ)境中理解和使用代詞。二、不定代詞是代詞中最重要、句法作用也是最為活躍的部分之一。因而，在復(fù)習(xí)中要注意總結(jié)、歸納，特別應(yīng)熟記一批有特點(diǎn)的例句，以加深印象，更加準(zhǔn)確地把握其用法。三、平時(shí)要多做練習(xí)，能夠提高熟悉語(yǔ)境的能力，很多考題是要和語(yǔ)境相聯(lián)系起來(lái)考查的，這方面一定要重視。代詞高考?？键c(diǎn)（1）人稱(chēng)代詞：人稱(chēng)代詞作主語(yǔ)一般用主格形式，做賓語(yǔ)用賓格形式，作表語(yǔ)用主格形式，做定語(yǔ)用所有格形式。反身代詞一般做表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)，作賓語(yǔ)的前提是賓語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)一致。特別注意：人稱(chēng)代詞用作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，如說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)，一般要用主格，如說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)則要用賓格。在簡(jiǎn)單的答語(yǔ)中多用賓格形式替代主格形式。（2）反身代詞：反身代詞在句中可以作enjoy, teach, hurt, buy, introduce等動(dòng)詞和by, for, to等介詞的賓語(yǔ)，還可以作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)的同位語(yǔ)，可譯作“親自，本人”，但不能作主語(yǔ)。（3） 指示代詞：指示詞有this, that, these, those等。注意以下4點(diǎn)：this, these是時(shí)間或空間上的“近指”，可與here連用；that, those是時(shí)間或空間上的“遠(yuǎn)指”，可與there連用。指上文提到的事一般用that，有時(shí)也用this，指下文的事只能用this。打電話(huà)時(shí)，用this來(lái)介紹自己，用that來(lái)問(wèn)對(duì)方，不用I或you。 this和that還可表示程度，意為“如此，那么”，相當(dāng)于so，作狀語(yǔ)。（4）不定代詞：表示兩者“都”用both，表示兩者“都不”用neither/nor，表示兩者中的“任一”用either。表示多者“都”用all，表示多者“都不”用none，no one, neither, nobody, nothing等表示多者中的“任一”用any。all單獨(dú)使用，或者后接一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，或者前面有物主代詞時(shí)，意為everything或the only thing(s)。another或“another單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”泛指“另一個(gè)，有一個(gè)，再一個(gè)”，其復(fù)數(shù)形式是others或“other復(fù)數(shù)名詞”泛指“別人或別的物”，有someothers(一些另一些)之搭配。the other(+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞)特指兩者中的另一個(gè)，常有onethe other(一個(gè)另一個(gè))的搭配；其復(fù)數(shù)形式the others或“the other 復(fù)數(shù)名詞”特指在某些人或物中，除去一部分后，“其余的”“剩下的”人或物。another還可用于“another基數(shù)詞或few復(fù)數(shù)名詞”中，與“數(shù)詞或somemore/other 復(fù)數(shù)名詞”相當(dāng)。everything(一切事，最重要的事), everyone =everybody (每個(gè)人，所有人); something(某事，重要的人或事物), someone =somebody(某/有人，重要的人); anything(什么事物，任何事物，無(wú)論什么事物), anyone =anybody(任何人，無(wú)論誰(shuí)，重要的人); nothing(沒(méi)有東西，什么也沒(méi)有，不重要的人或事), no one=nobody(沒(méi)有人，不重要的人)等。它們還與別有詞構(gòu)成很多習(xí)語(yǔ)，如for nothing(徒勞，免費(fèi))，nothing but(僅僅，只不過(guò))，等等。（5）代詞it(they),one(ones)和that(those)的用法：代詞one和it都可以代替上文中提到的可數(shù)名詞，但one指代的是與上文中提到的同類(lèi)物（復(fù)數(shù)用ones,主格和賓格相同）；而it指代的是上文提到的同一物品（復(fù)數(shù)用they（主格）和them（賓格）。one(ones)和that(those)這幾個(gè)代詞都可以代替上文中提到的名詞，但使用時(shí)應(yīng)注意：替代不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)用that,或者省略不用名詞，或者重復(fù)那個(gè)名詞，但不可用one來(lái)代替。替代單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞時(shí)用one和that均可，但泛指用one(相當(dāng)于a/an+名詞）；特指時(shí)用that（相當(dāng)于the+名詞）。one(ones)可以有形容詞等前置修飾語(yǔ)，也可以有后置修飾語(yǔ)（of短語(yǔ)除外）；而that(those)不能有前置修飾語(yǔ)，它（們）的修飾語(yǔ)只能后置。后跟of短語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般只能用that(those)?！究祭治觥俊纠?】Jane was walking round the department store. She remembered how difficult _ was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father. 【解析】it 作賓語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)，替代動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)to choose?！纠?】She did not hesitate for long: although her father smoked a pipe only once in a while, she knew that this was a present which was bound to please _. 【解析】him please him (使他高興)，填代詞；根據(jù)句意，此處指代her father?！纠?】He asked his teacher, “Sir, the water was awful. Why did you pretend to like _?”【方法總結(jié)】句子缺主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，空格后沒(méi)有提示詞，填詞多為代詞。形容詞和副詞命題規(guī)律形容詞與副詞主要考查以下幾個(gè)方面：考查形容詞作狀語(yǔ)；考查比較級(jí)的用法尤其是隱性比較；考查一些習(xí)語(yǔ)搭配；與形容詞同形的副詞和形容詞后加ly構(gòu)成的副詞的區(qū)別；多個(gè)形容詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)的排列順序等。另外，在熟練掌握形容詞與副詞的基本意義和用法的同時(shí)，要特別留意一些形容詞與副詞的基本意義之外的引申、拓展和熟詞生義的用法。形容詞與副詞基本用法：（1）形容詞和副詞的辨析形容詞和副詞的辨析主要分為兩類(lèi)：一類(lèi)是給出語(yǔ)境，讓學(xué)生填出符合這種語(yǔ)境的形容詞或副詞；另一類(lèi)是形容詞或副詞的詞形變化。近三年?？嫉挠校盒稳菰~：appropriate；conscious；generous；reasonable；confident；creative；grateful ；important；spare；public；convenient；apparent；unchallenged；vital；available；specific；similar；available；affordable；acceptable；valuable副詞：hopefully；curiously；occasionally；gradually thus；besides；rather；otherwise petitively；recently；reasonably besides；however；therefore；instead besides；otherwise；however；altogether especially；equally；naturally；normally nevertheless；besides；otherwise；therefore especially；regularly；particularly；approximately（2）形容詞和副詞比較等級(jí) 比較等級(jí)的常見(jiàn)句型：兩者比較，用“比較級(jí) than”表示。表示“兩者之間較的那個(gè)”用“the比較級(jí)n. of the two n.”。表示“越，就越”用“the 比較級(jí)，the 比較級(jí)”。as原級(jí)adj./adv.as .表示“和一樣”。not as/so原級(jí)adj./adv.as .表示“不如”比較等級(jí)前常用的修飾語(yǔ)：a little, a bit, slightly，much, a lot, a great deal, any, far, by far, even, still等。否定詞比較級(jí)最高級(jí)：“否定詞比較級(jí)”表達(dá)最高級(jí)含義?！究祭治觥俊纠?】The teacher replied, “You tasted the water. I tasted the gift. The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love. Nothing could be _ (sweet).”【解析】sweeter 句意是“什么也不會(huì)比這更甜”=這是世界上最甜的東西?！纠?】I left it early because I had an appointment _ (late) that day.【解析】later 指那天晚些時(shí)候?！纠?】It might have made it a little _ (hard) for everybody because it meant they had to turn around, but that didnt stop the kids in the class.【解析】harder 句中a little修飾比較級(jí)harder，表示“更難一點(diǎn)”作賓補(bǔ)。 【方法總結(jié)】當(dāng)括號(hào)內(nèi)所提示的詞是形容詞或副詞且空格處需要的仍是形容詞或副詞時(shí)，很可能填比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。介詞及介詞短語(yǔ)命題規(guī)律一、對(duì)介詞句法功能的考查：介詞構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)，可以在句子中充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)等；介詞有時(shí)在句子中活用為副詞，充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)。二、對(duì)常用介詞的辨析：介詞用法多且復(fù)雜，相近的意思又可以有不同的介詞表示，介詞更著重與動(dòng)詞、形容詞和其他從句結(jié)合在一起進(jìn)行考查，所以要根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和交際條件靈活運(yùn)用介詞；同時(shí)對(duì)常用的介詞要重點(diǎn)進(jìn)行區(qū)別整理。三、對(duì)介詞短語(yǔ)搭配的考查：介詞常和某些形容詞、動(dòng)詞和名詞聯(lián)合運(yùn)用，形成固定搭配，表示各種不同的意思，只要記住這些固定搭配，準(zhǔn)確把握詞組的語(yǔ)義。介詞與介詞短語(yǔ)高考?？键c(diǎn)：（1）常見(jiàn)介詞的活用by，with，against，over，on，in，at，besides，for等是常考的介詞。掌握這些介詞的用法和意義、準(zhǔn)確把握句子語(yǔ)境是解題的關(guān)鍵。下面是近年高考考查最多的幾個(gè)介詞，應(yīng)重點(diǎn)掌握：over可表位置，意為“在上方，越過(guò)；遮住，蓋住”，也可表時(shí)間，意為“在期間，(多年)以來(lái)”等，它還有“在(問(wèn)題)上，對(duì)(某事)”等引申意義。by的主要意思有“在旁，靠近；乘(車(chē)、船等)；不遲于；到為止；被，由；根據(jù)，按照(關(guān)系)；通過(guò)方式”等，還可以用來(lái)表示增加或減少的程度。by構(gòu)成的常見(jiàn)短語(yǔ)有：by and by不久，遲早；by and large大體上；by oneself單獨(dú)；by the way順便說(shuō)說(shuō)；by far得多，最 by chance碰巧；by accident偶然地；by means of借助；by no means絕不，一點(diǎn)也不；by mistake錯(cuò)誤地。with可以用來(lái)表示“帶有，擁有；隨著；就來(lái)說(shuō)；用，以；和，與；對(duì)于，關(guān)于”等意思。with還可用來(lái)表示原因。beyond表示“(時(shí)間)過(guò)了，比晚，遲于；(位置)在那邊，超出之外；(范圍)超過(guò)，為所不及，超出的范圍”等意思。（2）介詞短語(yǔ)的主要類(lèi)型 高考主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)固定短語(yǔ)的掌握程度、對(duì)短語(yǔ)意義的了解以及介詞在這些固定搭配中的應(yīng)用：介詞+名詞：on the contrary相反；in turn依次；in ones opinion根據(jù)某人的看法；in detail詳細(xì)地；out of reach夠不著；beyond description難以描述地；out of question不成問(wèn)題；out of the question不可能。動(dòng)詞+介詞：remind sb. of sth.提醒某人某事；rob sb. of sth.搶劫某人的；result from由引起；call at訪(fǎng)問(wèn)(某地)。形容詞+介詞：be curious about對(duì)好奇；be proud of因而自豪；be popular with受到的歡迎；be absorbed in全神貫注于；be enthusiastic about熱衷于。介詞短語(yǔ)：apart from除之外；in addition to除之外(還)；because of因?yàn)?；instead of代替；in fear of為提心吊膽；for fear of以免；in case of防備；thanks to由于；in the middle of在中間；according to根據(jù)；in front of在前面；in return for作為對(duì)的回報(bào)；in charge of負(fù)責(zé)；as a result of作為的結(jié)果；in exchange for與交換等【考例分析】【例1】When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in the village, I wanted to reward the old woman _ the trouble.【解析】for reward sb. for sth. 表示“因而酬謝/報(bào)答某人”。【例2】He did so the next day. He was very tired _ doing this for a whole day.【例3】When Jane got home, with her small but well-chosen present in her bag, her parents were already _ table having supper.【解析】atat table表示“在進(jìn)餐”，是習(xí)慣搭配?！痉椒偨Y(jié)】當(dāng)“（+限定詞）+名詞”或“+代詞/doing/從句”在句中不做主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常填介詞。體驗(yàn)高考xx新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷 閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容 (不多于3個(gè)單詞) 或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about_61_(be) late for school. There were many people waiting at the bus stop, _62_ some of them looked very anxious and _63_(disappoint). When the bus finally came, we all hurried on board. I got a place next _66_ the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk. A boy on a bike _65_(catch) my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused _66_(stop) until we reached the next stop. Still, the boy kept _67_(ride). He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting. Finally, when we came to the next stop, the boy ran up to the door of the bus. I heard an excited conversation. Then the driver stood up and asked，“_68_ anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop？” A woman on the bus shouted, “Oh, dear! Its _69_(I)” She pushed her way to the driver and took the suitcase thankfully. Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done, and the crowd of strangers _70_(sudden) became friendly to one another.61. being介詞about后使用v.ing形式，因此用being。62. and根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知上下文之間是順接關(guān)系，故用and連接。63. disappointed本句的主語(yǔ)是some of them，所以使用形容詞作表語(yǔ)。64. tonext to在旁邊。65. caught根據(jù)文章第一句“One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop”可知本文敘述的是一件過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情，所以使用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。66. to stoprefuse to do sth拒絕做某事。不定式作動(dòng)詞refuse的賓語(yǔ)。67. ridingkeep doing sth不停地做某事 。68. Did本句是直接引語(yǔ)，是一個(gè)一般疑問(wèn)句。因?yàn)樵?xún)問(wèn)的是過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情，所以使用助動(dòng)詞did。69. me/mine此處可以使用名詞性物主代詞mine，相當(dāng)于my suitcase。 70. suddenly此處應(yīng)該使用副詞來(lái)修飾句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，在句中作狀語(yǔ)。模擬新題精選1.【xx年?yáng)|北三省三校第二次聯(lián)考】Camels certainly like eating green grass, not dry grass. But 1 (strange), camels always keep looking for dry grass 2 their stomachs are filled up.A classmate of 3 (I) whose home is on the edge of Turpan Basin in Xinjiang told me his home has two camels; he said you could imagine a camels appetite, for it can slowly swallow dozens of kilograms of hay (干草). I asked him 4 camels eat hay, not green grass. He said the camel is a kind of animal with 5 strong sense of suffering, 6 (fear) its master letting it travel through the desert the next day, and the hay in its stomach is more hunger-resistant 7 green grass.The camel has the best tolerance. Unfortunately, many people can only see a camels outstanding performance, but few understand its 8 (prepare) made for it.Life, 9 a camel traveling through the desert, 10 (need) the adequate accumulation, but not everyone can understand it.【答案】【小題1】 strangely【小題2】until/ till/ before【小題3】mine【小題4】why【小題5】a【小題6】fearing【小題7】than【小題8】preparations【小題9】like【小題10】needs【小題3】mine考查名詞性物主代詞。a ckassmate of mine等于my classmate，所以用mine?！拘☆}4】why考查疑問(wèn)副詞。由后文的回答，可知此處用。why?！拘☆}5】a考查冠詞。a sense of固定搭配，所以用a?！拘☆}6】fearing考查形容詞。由前文的suffering可知此處用fearing?！拘☆}7】than考查副詞。more.than固定搭配?！拘☆}8】preparations考查名詞。preparation是可數(shù)名詞。【小題9】like考查動(dòng)詞。生命，像駱駝在沙漠中旅行，所以用like?！拘☆}10】needs考查動(dòng)詞。life是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，所以加s。2.【xx山東省高三沖刺模擬一】Eleven-year-old Angela was stricken with a disease involving her nervous systemThe doctors did not hold out much hope of her ever recovering _1_ this illnessThey predicted shed spend the rest of her life in a wheelchair_2_ Angela firmly believed that she was definitely going to be walking again somedayThe doctors were charmed by her _3_（defeatable）spiritThey taught her about imagingabout seeing herself _4_（walk）Angela would work as hard as possible in physical therapy(理療），lying there faithfully doing her imaging，visualizing herself moving，moving，moving!One day，_5_ she was straining with all her might to imagine her legs moving again，_66_ seemed as though a miracle happened: the bed moved! She screamed out，“Look what I _7_（do）! Look! Look! I can do it! I moved，I moved！” Of course，_8_ this very moment everyone _9_ in the hospital was screaming，tooIt was the San Francisco earthquakeBut dont tell _10_ to AngelaShes convinced that she did itAnd now only a few years later，shes back in schoolOn her own two legsNo walking sticks，no wheelchair【答案】【小題1】from 【小題1】But【小題3】Undefeatable【小題4】walking【小題5】As【小題6】it【小題7】am doing【小題8】at【小題9】else【小題10】that/it【解析】試題分析：本文是一篇記敘文。講述了Angela的堅(jiān)強(qiáng)，最后成功的站起來(lái)的故事?！拘☆}1】from。考查介詞。from the illness從這個(gè)疾病中，是所以用from?！拘☆}1】But?？疾檫B詞。后文她不相信醫(yī)生們的預(yù)測(cè)，所以是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所以填but?！拘☆}3】Undefeatable。考查形容詞。后面spirit是名詞，所以用Undefeatable修飾?！拘☆}4】walking。老愛(ài)固定搭配。see somebody doing所以用walking。【小題5】As?？疾楦痹~。譯為在的時(shí)候，所以填A(yù)s?！拘☆}6】it?？疾楣潭ù钆?。it seems是固定搭配，所以填it?！拘☆}7】am doing?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)。此處應(yīng)是現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，所以填am doing。【小題8】at?？疾榻樵~。at moment是固定搭配，所以填at。【小題9】else?？疾樾稳菰~。其他的人也都尖叫，所以填else。【小題10】that/it。考查代詞。it或that代指地震這件事，所以填that/it?？键c(diǎn)：考查生活故事類(lèi)短文閱讀3.【xx寧夏銀川一中第四次月考】Recently a new science behind incentives(激勵(lì)), _1_ (include) in education, has been discussed. For example, researcher Roland Fryer wanted to see what works best in motivating children _2_ (do) better in school. _3 _ some cases, he gave students incentives based on input(輸入), like reading certain books, while in _4_, the incentives 5 (base) on output, like results on exams. His main _6_ (find) was that incentives increased achievement when based on input but had no effect when based on output. Fryers conclusion was that the incentives for inputs might be 7_ (effect) because students do not know how to do better on an exam, apart from general rules like “study harder”. Reading certain books, on the other hand, is a well-set task over 8_ they have much more control. As long as you have direct control over your goal, you have 9_ much higher chance of success. And its easier to start again _10_ you fail, because you know exactly what you need to do.【答案】【小題1】 including 【小題2】 to do 【小題3】 In 【小題4】 others 【小題5】 were based【小題6】 finding 【小題7】 more effective 【小題8】 which 【小題9】 a 【小題10】 If【解析】試題分析：題目考查學(xué)生對(duì)上下文的聯(lián)系，還考查了學(xué)生對(duì)形容詞比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、條件句、代詞、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞等知識(shí)的掌握情況?！拘☆}1】 考查非謂語(yǔ)形式 including做伴隨狀語(yǔ)，故填including。【小題5】考查動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) be based on 以為基礎(chǔ)。故填were based。【小題6】考查動(dòng)詞的名詞形式finding 發(fā)現(xiàn)，故填finding?！拘☆}7】考查形容詞的比較等級(jí)用法。原文中此處含有更有效的意思。故寫(xiě)more effective。【小題8】考查定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞前油介詞時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞只能用which?！拘☆}9】考查冠詞。該處泛指一個(gè)，故寫(xiě)a。【小題10】考查連詞。If引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語(yǔ)從句。故填I(lǐng)f。4.【xx山東省菏澤市一?！縉owadays, more and more schools in China have rules making students wear school uniforms to School .A lot of Chinese students plain about 1 (wear) their school uniforms every day But 2 American students get annoyed about their uniforms, too? American high schools usually have a dress code,_ 3 is about requirements for students dressing. Boys at school must wear clean jackets every day. Girls are_ 4 (luck) than boys, they have more flexible 5 (choose) than boys. They can either dress similarly to the boys_6 wear a dress. In general, it takes a student 10-15 minutes every morning 7 (dress) up for class. As students do in China, plenty of American students also have their plaints about school uniforms. What if students really dislike the dress code and want to get rid of it? Instead of getting punished,_ 8 (actual) therere ways to do that. At my school, dress down tickets_. 9 (sell) on school days If students are willing to buy a ticket, they dont need to wear school uniforms the following day. I have a strong_ 10 (believe) that one day Chinese students can buy these tickets, too【答案】【小題1】 wearing 【小題2】do 【小題3】which 【小題4】luckier 【小題5】choices【小題6】or 【小題7】to dress【小題8】 actually 【小題9】are sold 【小題10】belief【解析】試題分析：該類(lèi)試題主要考察考生的單詞水平和上下文銜接能力。做題時(shí)要注意不僅選擇適合的單詞，還要根據(jù)不同的語(yǔ)境變換單詞的形式?！拘☆}3】which考察非限制性定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞。這里的which代指的是前面整個(gè)句子，并且在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)。故填which 【小題4】luckier考察比較級(jí)。根據(jù)該空后面的than以及所給單詞luck是形容詞可以判斷出這里是要用比較級(jí)，故將luck變?yōu)閘uckier。該句意思為：女孩比男孩更幸運(yùn)?！拘☆}5】choices考察名詞。根據(jù)該空其那面的助動(dòng)詞have（有）以及形容詞flexible（靈活的）可以判斷出空中應(yīng)該是一個(gè)名詞，故將所給動(dòng)詞choose改為choice。因?yàn)檫x擇不止一個(gè)，所以要將s表示復(fù)數(shù)。故填choices。【小題6】or 考察固定短語(yǔ)。Eitheror不是就是。根據(jù)前面句子中的either可以判斷出這是either or結(jié)構(gòu)。該句意思為：他們既可以穿的像一個(gè)男孩也可以穿裙子。故填or【小題7】to dress考察固定結(jié)構(gòu)這里是it takes sometimes to do sth結(jié)構(gòu)，所以要將所給的單詞dress變?yōu)椴欢〞r(shí)to dress?！拘☆}8】actually 考察副詞，這里是副詞在句子中間做插入語(yǔ)。故將所給形容詞actual變?yōu)閍ctually。【小題9】are sold 考察被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。根據(jù)句意，在我的學(xué)校，上學(xué)的日子里有賣(mài)“換裝”票，如果學(xué)生愿意買(mǎi)一張票，他們就不需要在明天穿學(xué)校制服?！拘☆}10】belief考察名詞。前面有一個(gè)形容詞strong，形容詞后面一般都是名詞，故將所給動(dòng)詞believe變?yōu)槊~belief。5.【黑龍江省雙鴨山市第一中學(xué)xx屆高三期末】閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（不多于3個(gè)單詞）或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。A 24-year-old Long Island man was charged early Thursday morning after crashing his car and killing his girlfriend while driving over the speed limit. Kevin Daly 1 (sentence) to nearly three years in prison after losing control of 2 partner Alice Hicks car on a country road 3 80mph. She was a passenger in the Mini-cooper and was thrown from the car 4 he crashed into another vehicle 5 (move) in the opposite direction. Daly, 24, denied causing 6 (die) by dangerous driving and was found guilty by a jury (陪審團(tuán)) at Taunton Crown Court. The court heard that neither Daly 7 Miss Hicks, 22, was wearing seatbelts at the time of the collision that happened on November 17, 2011. NBC New York reports Kevin Daly, was driving on County Road 83, when the road was blocked by a truck that was waiting 8 (turn) right. Witnesses described 9 Day had little or no chance of stopping behind the still traffic and he turned to avoid the van 10 hit a Mazda on the other side of the road.【答案】【小題1】was sentenced【小題2】his【小題3】at【小題4】when【小題5】moving【小題6】death【小題7】nor【小題8】to turn【小題9】that【小題10】but【解析】試題分析：本文講述了一個(gè)交通事故，故事主人翁危險(xiǎn)駕車(chē)，與搭乘車(chē)輛的人均未系安全帶，最后引起了一起事故，最后Kevin Daly因此被判三年刑期。此類(lèi)題型要注意句子間的邏輯關(guān)系，以及時(shí)態(tài)，固定搭配等用法?！拘☆}1】考查sentence的用法。用作名詞時(shí)，意為“句子；宣判”；用作動(dòng)詞時(shí)，意為“宣判；判決”。此題考查其作動(dòng)詞的用法，be sentenced to 被判處，且因?yàn)槿臅r(shí)態(tài)以過(guò)去時(shí)為主，故填was sentenced.【小題2】考查句子理解。從句子結(jié)構(gòu)上判斷，空白處應(yīng)填入的成分為形容詞來(lái)修飾partner. 根據(jù)句意，此題填入形容詞性物主代詞最符合邏輯，且主人翁為男性，故填his.【小題3】考查介詞用法。mph=miles per hour 每小時(shí)英里數(shù)。可知前面應(yīng)填修飾速度的介詞。at常用來(lái)表示速度、價(jià)格、溫度等，eg: The train runs at fifty kilometers an hour.句意：Daly在以80英里每小時(shí)的時(shí)速駕駛朋友Alice的車(chē)時(shí)，車(chē)子失控，他被判處近三年的刑期。故填at.【小題4】考查狀語(yǔ)從句。句意：當(dāng)他撞上對(duì)向駛來(lái)的汽車(chē)時(shí)，她被甩出了車(chē)子。此題要注意when和while的區(qū)別，兩者均表示“當(dāng)時(shí)候”，when多強(qiáng)調(diào)某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)；而while則表示某一時(shí)間段，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。此題“was thrown”和“crashed”均為瞬間動(dòng)詞，故此題應(yīng)填入when.【小題7】考查固定搭配。neither nor 既不也不 ；兩者都不 句意：Daly和Hicks在撞擊發(fā)生時(shí)都沒(méi)有系安全帶。故填nor.【小題8】考查wait用法。wait to do sth. 等著做某事 句意：當(dāng)?shù)缆繁灰惠v等著右轉(zhuǎn)的卡冊(cè)堵住時(shí)。故填to turn.【小題9】考查從句。填空處后面為完整句子，可知describe后接賓語(yǔ)從句，故填that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句。【小題10】考查but的用法。句意：目擊者描述道他很少有可能或幾乎不可能將車(chē)停在停著的車(chē)后面，轉(zhuǎn)向?yàn)榱吮茏屫涇?chē)，然而撞到另一邊的馬自達(dá)。but作連詞時(shí)，意為“但是；然而”；but作介詞時(shí)，意為“除之外”，eg：I had nothing to do but wait. 除了等待，我別無(wú)他法。but作副詞，意為“只不過(guò)”，eg：She is but a young girl. 她只不過(guò)是一個(gè)小女孩。考點(diǎn)：考查句子理解、動(dòng)詞用法、固定搭配等語(yǔ)法知識(shí)。6.【xx屆河北保定市高三調(diào)研試題】Over the years Ive been teaching kids about a simple but powerful concept the ant philosophy（哲學(xué)）, an _1 (amaze)four-part philosophy.First, ants never quit. If theyre heading somewhere and you try to stop them, theyll climb over. theyll climb under, or theyll climb around They never quit_2 (look) for a way to get where they_3 _ (suppose) to go! Second, ants think about winter and summer. They are always gathering in their winter food in the middle of summer and they are making_4_ . (prepare) for the long cold winter. So you have to think about storms in summer; think about rocks_5 _ _ you enjoy the sand and sun Third, ants think about summer all winter. During the winter, they remind _6 , This wont last long and well soon be out of here. On _7_ first warm day, the ants are out. If it_8 _ (turn) cold again, theyll dive back down. But they e out again if it is warm Last, how much will an ant gather during the summer to prepare for the winter? All that it_9 (possible) can. _10 you can learn from the ant philosophy is: Never give up, look ahead, stay positive and do all you can【答案】【小題1】amazing【小題2】looking【小題3】are supposed【小題4】preparations【小題5】when/as【小題6】themselves【小題7】the【小題8】turns【小題9】p