2019-2020年高二英語模塊7 Unit4 Public transport Grammar and usage 牛津英語.doc

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2019-2020年高二英語模塊7 Unit4 Public transport Grammar and usage 牛津英語Step 1: General introductionLets have a try, everyone! Can you give me correct answers to the following sentences?高考鏈接1. My cousin came to see me from the country, me a full basket of fresh fruits(xx安徽)A. brought B. bringingC. to bring D. had brought2. Mr. Green stood up in defence of the 16-year-old boy, saying that he was not the one . (xx安徽)A. blamed B. blaming C. to blame D. to be blamed3. If you think that treating a woman well means always _ her permission for things, think again.（xx湖南）A. getsB. got C. to get D. getting4. As the twentieth century came to a close, the raw materials for a great national literature were at hand, waiting _.（xx湖南）A. to useB. to be used C. to have used D. to be using5. To a room above the store, where a party _, some workers were busily setting the table. （xx湖南） A. was to be held B. has been held C. will be held D. is being held6. Dont respond to any e-mails personal information, no matter how official they look.（xx天津）A. searching B. asking C. requesting D. questioning7. _for the breakdown of the school puter network, Alice was in low spirits.（xx福建）A. Blaming B. Blamed C. To blame D. To be blamed8. It is difficult to imagine his _ the decision without any consideration.（xx陜西）A. to acceptB. acceptC. acceptingD. accepted答案：1-5 BCDBA 6-8 CBCWell done! Today well learn a new Grammar itemPARTICIPLESThe grammar item in this unit focuses on verb-ed and verb-ing, both of which are also called participles. You will review the functions of verb-ed and verb-ing in different situations. You are expected to apply what you learn to practice by fulfilling some written tasks.Step 2: Explanation:1. 分詞的構(gòu)成分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞?，F(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成為V+ing, 過去分詞構(gòu)成為V+ed。分詞也有一般式、過去式、完成式及主動和被動等各種形式。2. 現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的區(qū)別1) 在時態(tài)上，現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行，而過去分詞表示已經(jīng)完成。 Developing countries 發(fā)展中國家 The developed countries 發(fā)達(dá)國家Boiling water 沸騰的水 Boiled water 開水2) 在語態(tài)上，現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動，而過去分詞表示被動。The oppressing class 壓迫階級 The oppressed class 被壓迫階級 Burning fire 燃燒的火焰 Burned skin 燒傷的皮膚3. 分詞的時態(tài)與語態(tài)1) 一般式（主動、被動）分詞的一般式的主動式所表示的動作與謂語動詞表示的動作同時發(fā)生，或在謂語動詞表示的動作之前發(fā)生。其被動式表示這個動作正在發(fā)生或與謂語動作同時發(fā)生，主要作定語、狀語或賓補(bǔ)。E.g. When I entered the room, I found him reading. 當(dāng)我進(jìn)入房間時，我發(fā)現(xiàn)他在讀書。 I found the flowers watered. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)花已澆過了。 The building being repaired is a hospital. 正在修建的建筑物是一家醫(yī)院。 He found the matter being talked everywhere. 他發(fā)現(xiàn)到處都在談?wù)撨@件事。 Being surrounded, the enemy were forced to put down their guns. 敵人被包圍，不得不繳械投降。2) 完成式（主動、被動）分詞的完成式表示分詞的動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前。完成時態(tài)的分詞在句中常作狀語，一般不作定語。E.g. Not having made adequate preparation, we postponed the sports meet. 由于沒做好充分的準(zhǔn)備，我們推遲了運(yùn)動會。 Having been given such a good chance, how could he give it up? 給了這樣好的機(jī)會，他怎能放棄呢？3) 現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式與過去分詞的區(qū)別過去分詞表示動作已完成，不強(qiáng)調(diào)時間概念，而現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式強(qiáng)調(diào)某一動作正在進(jìn)行中。E.g. The building repaired is library. 修建過的那個建筑物是我們的圖書館。 The building being repaired is our library. 正在修建的那個建筑物是我們的圖書館。4) 延續(xù)性動詞和終止性動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞在時間含義上的區(qū)別延續(xù)性動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于一個過去進(jìn)行時時態(tài)的句子，而終止性動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞結(jié)構(gòu)相當(dāng)于一個一般過去時的從句。E.g. Walking in the street the other day (=While I was walking in the street the other day), I came across an old friend of mine. 那天我在馬路上走時，突然碰到了我的一個老朋友。 Arriving at the airport (=When I arrived at the airport), I found my light had taken off. 到達(dá)機(jī)場時，我發(fā)現(xiàn)我的班機(jī)已經(jīng)起飛了。4. 分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)分詞（短語）作狀語時，盡管在形式上它沒有主語，但其邏輯上的主語必須和謂語動詞的主語保持一致。E.g. Studying in the college (=When I studied in the college), I learned a lot from my teachers.在大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)時，我從老師那里學(xué)到了很多東西。但是，分詞有時也有自己獨(dú)立的邏輯上的主語，這種結(jié)構(gòu)稱為分詞的獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)。它可以表示時間，原因，條件，伴隨的動作，有時還可用介詞with, without 來引導(dǎo)。E.g. His mother being ill, he is absent today. 他的母親病了，他今天沒來。（原因）Time permitting, they will start to do a new job. 如果時間允許，他們會開始做一項(xiàng)新工作。（條件）He rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat. 他滿臉是汗地沖進(jìn)了房間。（伴隨） They traveled a whole day, without any food eaten. 他們餓著肚子旅行了一整天。（伴隨）注意：分詞用于獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)時，如果分詞是being, having been done形式時，沒有實(shí)際意義的being或having been可以省略。E.g. The old man was in a bad condition, his temperature (being) over 40 and his pulse (being) weak and rapid. 那位老人處于不好的狀況，他的體溫超過40，脈搏既弱又快。 The report (having been) read, a discussion began. 讀完報(bào)告，開始討論。 The experiment (having been) finished, we left the lab and went home. 實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)束后，我們離開了實(shí)驗(yàn)室回家了。Step 3: Practice:1. Lets look at Part A on page 57. In this part, youll read a newspaper article about car pollution. You need to find out the participles used in the article and identify their functions. Write attr for an attribute and adv for an adverbial above each participle phrase.Answersleading attr released attr increasing attr breathing attrnoticing adv breathing related attr caused attr realizing adv2. Now, please turn to Part B on page 57. By doing this part, youll have another chance to practise using the participles. Answers(1) pleased (2) interesting (3) confusing (4) annoying (5) amused(6) tired (7) surprising (8) relaxing (9) excited (10) disappointedStep 4: Exercises:A. plete the following English sentences according to the Chinese given in the brackets.1. _ (由于已經(jīng)被翻譯成多種外語), the book is popular all over the world.2. The students went out of the examination spot with _ (失望的表情).3. The tower _ (矗立在山頂之上) was built more than 200 years ago.4. When _ (穿越街道), you can never be too careful.5. _ (由于還沒有收到) his mothers letter, he was very worried and wrote another.B. Fill in the blanks with the words in the brackets in their proper forms.1. _ (give) more time, he will make a first class tennis player.2. _ (hear) that Li Yuchun will give a performance in the city, he got very excited.3. My grandfather always tells me that the _ (labour) people are the wisest people in the world.4. _ (be) a student in the new century, we should know what is honourable behavior and what is shameful.5. When hearing the news that France was defeated in the World Cup, he felt _ (disappoint) because he likes the team very much.6. He sent the pany another e-mail, _ (hope) to get further information about the job.7. Unless _ (invite) to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.8. Generally speaking, when _ (take) according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.9. Dont use words, expressions, or phrases _ only to people with specific knowledge.10. _ (depend) on the nature of materials, some waste can be thrown into the sea, but some cant.C. Multiple choice:1. _ at failing in the math exam, John wouldnt like to talk about it to his parents. A. DisappointedB. To be disappointedC. DisappointingD. Having disappointed2. The performance of the host, _ to please the audience and draw their attention, was greeted with a cold silence, however. A. had intendedB. intendedC. intendingD. to intend3. What did the doctor say yesterday afternoon? -He said, “_ on time, this medicine will be quite effective.” A. TakingB. Being takenC. TakenD. Having taken4. The eighteen-storied building, when _, will shut out the sun _ up the rooms in my house. A. pleted; lighted B. pleting; lightingC. pleting; lighted D. pleted; lighting 5. At the end of xx, there were around 3,000 foreign printing panies in China, _ up around 2 percent of national total. A. madeB. to makeC. makingD. having made6. _ into use in April xx, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns. A. PutB. PuttingC. Having putD. Being put7. _ in the mountains for a week, the two students were finally saved by the local police. A. Having lostB. LostC. Being lostD. Losing8. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when _ at the meeting by my boss. A. questioningB. having C. questionedD. to be questioned9. Alice returned from the managers office, _ me that the boss wanted to see me at once. A. having told B. tellsC. to tellD. telling10. Laws that punish parents for their little childrens actions against the laws get parents _. A. worriedB. to worryC. worryingD. worryAnswers A.1. Having been translated into several foreign languages 2. with disappointed expression3. standing on top of the hill 4. crossing the street5. Not having receivedB.1. Given2. Hearing3. labouring4. Being5. disappointed6. hoping 7. invited 8. taken9. known10. DependingC. 1-5 ABCDD 6-10 ABCDAStep 5: Consolidation:高考鏈接1. Im going to the supermarket this afternoon. Do you have anything _?（xx上海春）A. to be buying B. to buyC. for buying D. bought2. Victor apologized for _ to inform me of the change in the plan. (xx上海春)A. his being not ableC. him not to be ableC. his not being ableD. him to be not able3. The wild flowers looked like a soft orange blanket _ the desert. (xx湖南)A. covering B. covered C. cover D. to cover4. Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always _ the same thing. (xx江蘇) A. saying B. said C. to say D. having said5. Generally speaking, _ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect（xx上海）A. when taking B. when takenC. when to takeD. when to be taken6. _ the meeting himself gave himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.（xx上海春）A. The president will attendB. The president to attendC. The president attendedD. The presidents attending7. She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role _ in making the earth a better place to live.（xx上海）A. to have playedB. to playC. to be playedD. to be playing8. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows _.（xx全國）A. it what to do withB. what to do it withC. what to do with itD. to do what with it9. _ with so much trouble, we failed to plete the task on time. (xx四川) A. FacedB. Face C. Facing D. To face10. There are hundreds of visitors _ in front of the Art Gallery to have a look at Van Goghs paintings. (xx上海)A. waited B. to wait C. waiting D. wait11. With a lot of difficult problems _, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.（xx上海）A. settledB. settlingC. to settleD. being settled12. - There is a story here in the paper about a 110-year-old man.（xx江蘇） - My goodness! I cant imagine _ that old. A. to be B. to have been C. being D. having been 13. I really appreciate _ to relax with you on this nice island.（xx上海）A. to have had time B. having timeC. to have timeD. to having time14. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year. (xx全國) A. carry outB. carrying outC. carried outD. to carry out15. Mary, _ here-everybody else, stay where you are. (xx年全國I)A. eB. esC. to eD. ing16. Faced with a bill for $10,000, _.（xx陜西）A. an extra job has been given to John B. the boss has given John an extra jobC. an extra job has been taken D. John has taken an extra job17. He hurried to the booking office only _ that all the tickets has been sold out.（xx陜西）A. to be toldB. to tellC. toldD. telling18. When _ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities.（xx浙江） A. paredB. being paredC. paringD. having pared19. AIDS is said _ the biggest health challenge to both men and women in that area over the past few years.（xx湖北） A. that it is B. to be C. that it has been D. to have been20. Dont sit there _ nothing. e and help me with this table.（xx湖北） A. do B. to do C. doing D. and doing21. Police are now searching for a woman who is reported to _ since the flood hit the area last Friday.（xx山東）A. have been missing B. have got lost C. be missing D. get lost22. _ this cake, youll need 2 eggs, 175 g sugar and 175 g flour.（xx廣東） A. Having made B. Make C. To make D. Making23. No matter how frequently _ , the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world.（xx廣東） A. performed B. performing C. to be performed D. being performed24. Dont use words，expressions or phrases_only to people with specific knowledge. (xx全國)A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known25. _ time, hell make a first-class tennis player. (xx北京) A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D. GivenAnswers1-5 BCAAB6-10 DBCAC 11-15 CCBCA 16-20 DACDC 21-25 ACADD