745 臥式組合機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)（有cad圖+文獻(xiàn)翻譯）

745 臥式組合機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)（有cad圖+文獻(xiàn)翻譯）,745,臥式組合機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)（有cad圖+文獻(xiàn)翻譯）,臥式,組合,機(jī)床,設(shè)計(jì),cad,文獻(xiàn),翻譯 臥式組合機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì) 外文翻譯The aggregate machine-tool is take the general par t as a foundation, matches by presses the work piece specific shape and the processing technological design special-purpose part and the jig, the composition semiautomatic or the automatic special purpose machine. The aggregate machine-tool selects the method which generally multiple spindle, the multi-knives, the multi-working procedures, many or the multi-locations simultaneously process, production efficiency ratio general engine bed high several times to several dozens times. Because the general part already the standardization and the seriation, might according to need to dispose nimbly, could reduce the design and the manufacturing cycle. The multi-axle-boxes are aggregate machine-tools core parts. It selects the common parts, carries on the design according to the special-purpose request, in the aggregate machine-tool designs process, is one of work load big parts. It is acts according to the work piece processing hole quantity which and the position the working procedure chart and the processing schematic drawing determined, the cutting specifications and the main axle type design transmission various main axles movement power unit. Its power from the general power box, installs together with the power box in to feed sliding table, may complete drills, twists and so on working processes. This topic designed has used in the HT200 top head hole processing the drill hole aggregate machine-tool. According to the top head hole components size which must process carries on the aggregate machine-tool general multi-axle-boxes the design, draws up the multi-axle-box primitive basis chart, the definite main axle and the gear modulus, determined the transmission system, calculates the main axle and drive shafts coordinate. Through the above design, realized a top head one-sided six processing to complete, has achieved the design requirements well。To meet the combination of CNC machine tools of development, it is a component of the NC machine tool NC module. Portfolio machine is modular combination of CNC machine tools brought about by the inevitable result is the combination of CNC machine tools necessary foundation, NC module so greatly enriched the portfolio of generic pieces of machine tools, it will cause combination of General Machine Type of a fundamental change. NC module, according to their coordinates NC (axis) of mainly single coordinates, dual coordinate and coordinate. Its spindle number, single and multi-axis module, there are single and multi-axis composite processing module. NC module development, there are mainly two kinds of ways: First, the existing combination of machine tools should be relatively common items, the NC General of the design. At present there is also domestic NC is developing one-dimensional slider, NC two-dimensional (Cross) Waterloo Taiwan, the NC rotary table, all this is the way the NC is based on the characteristics of the development of NC The unique combination of machine tool parts, such as automatic replacement of multi-axis spindle box, the NC rotary knife, NC for the manipulator, NC for me, such as mechanical hand. The past 10 years, machine tools and automatic line group in the highly efficient, high productivity, flexibility and the use of parallel (synchronous) works develop more reasonable and more savings in the programme has made a lot of progress. In particular the automobile industry, in order to improve the performance of motor vehicles, precision machining of components made a number of new demands, so the machine performance requirements are also higher. In recent years, with numerical control technology, electronics technology, computer technology, such as the development of machine tools combination of mechanical structure and control system has also undergone a tremendous change. With the combination of machine tools of development: 1. NC. A combination of CNC machine tools, not only a complete change from the previous relay circuit composed of a combination of machine tool control system, and the head. Also the mechanical structure and composition of machine parts universal standards has or is undergoing an enormous change。2. Modular. NC plus one two modular greatly enrich the composition of the Universal machine parts, it will cause universal machine combination of a fundamental change，According to modularization design theory,the modules of aggregate machine tool are divided in this paper on the basis of function analysis.Taking UG software as developing flat,the parametric 3D modeling module bank is set up.The database for storing the data used in design is also set up at the same time.Under the guiding of the system,users can complete such tasks as module choice,module combination,and calculation,etc.Therefore,computer aided modularization design of aggregate machine tool can be realiz.3. High-speed. As high-speed processing can greatly reduce the surface roughness and cutting force components, greatly reducing cutting temperature, increase productivity, the machine's high-speed research is rising, especially NC machine tool movements and the main feed velocity has reached an alarming high-speed . For example, the U.S. production of processing center, spindle speed up to 15 000-60 000r/min, table fast forward speed of up to 90-120 m / min. Conform to the trend of high-speed machines, machine tools combination of speed getting higher and higher. For example, the German Volkswagen plant in the processing of aluminum cylinder head combustion chamber side, the use of PCD cutter and milling speed of up to 3 075m/min, feed rate of 3 600mm/min, the CBN has adopted the installation of the new boring knife blade processing Kevin Gray Rail, the cutting speed of 800 m / min, feed rate of I 500 mm / min. 4, precision of. As the realization of NC machine tools, thus increasing the accuracy of processing machine, so that some of the past seem difficult to achieve the accuracy of processing has been realized today.5. Protection of the whole. Completely closed the machine is now a major characteristic, whether single or machine tool production lines, are all closed by the housings, electrical, hydraulic full use of air alignment. All closed protection, not only production line machine tools and their aesthetic appearance, but also improve the safety, reliability and ease of maintenance.There are two virtues that are low cost and high efficiency in modular machine tools,which is widely used in batch production.This text introduces an automatic control system of multi-station modular machine tool.Applying PLC to control the modular machine tool can raise the automation extent and work efficiency and reduce a great deal of hardware wiring,so the dependability of the machine tool is also increased.組合機(jī)床是以通用部件為基礎(chǔ)，配以按工件特定形狀和加工工藝設(shè)計(jì)的專用部件和夾具，組成的半自動(dòng)或自動(dòng)專用機(jī)床。組合機(jī)床一般采用多軸、多刀、多工序、多面或多工位同時(shí)加工的方式，生產(chǎn)效率比通用機(jī)床高幾倍至幾十倍。由于通用部件已經(jīng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化和系列化，可根據(jù)需要靈活配置，能縮短設(shè)計(jì)和制造周期。多軸箱是組合機(jī)床的核心部件。它是選用通用零件，按專用要求進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)的，在組合機(jī)床設(shè)計(jì)的過程中，是工作量較大的部件之一。它是根據(jù)工序圖和加工示意圖所確定的工件加工孔的數(shù)量和位置，切削用量和主軸類型設(shè)計(jì)的傳遞各主軸運(yùn)動(dòng)的動(dòng)力部件。其動(dòng)力來(lái)自通用的動(dòng)力箱，與動(dòng)力箱一起安裝于進(jìn)給滑臺(tái)，可完成鉆，絞等加工工序。本課題設(shè)計(jì)了用于HT200上蓋孔加工的鉆孔組合機(jī)床。根據(jù)要加工的上蓋孔零件尺寸進(jìn)行組合機(jī)床通用多軸箱的設(shè)計(jì)，繪制多軸箱原始依據(jù)圖，確定主軸和齒輪模數(shù)，確定出傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)，計(jì)算出主軸和傳動(dòng)軸的坐標(biāo)。通過以上設(shè)計(jì)，實(shí)現(xiàn)了上蓋單面六孔的一次加工完成，較好地達(dá)到了設(shè)計(jì)要求。為適應(yīng)數(shù)控組合機(jī)床的發(fā)展，就出現(xiàn)了組成數(shù)控機(jī)床的數(shù)控加工模塊。組合機(jī)床模塊化是組合機(jī)床數(shù)控化所帶來(lái)的必然結(jié)果，也是組合機(jī)床數(shù)控化的必要基礎(chǔ)，數(shù)控加工模塊話極大的豐富了組合機(jī)床的通用件，它必將引起組合機(jī)床通用件發(fā)生根本型變化。數(shù)控加工模塊，按其數(shù)控坐標(biāo)（軸）數(shù)，主要有單坐標(biāo)、雙坐標(biāo)和三坐標(biāo)。按其主軸數(shù)，有單軸和多軸模塊，也有單軸和多軸復(fù)合加工模塊。數(shù)控加工模塊的發(fā)展，主要有2種方式：一是與現(xiàn)有組合機(jī)床通用件相對(duì)應(yīng)，設(shè)計(jì)數(shù)控通用件。目前國(guó)內(nèi)亦有其也正在研制數(shù)控一維滑臺(tái)、數(shù)控二維（十字）滑臺(tái)、數(shù)控回轉(zhuǎn)工作臺(tái)等，都屬于這種方式;二是根據(jù)數(shù)控加工的特點(diǎn)，研制數(shù)控組合機(jī)床所特有的部件，如自動(dòng)更換式多軸主軸箱、數(shù)控回轉(zhuǎn)刀庫(kù)、數(shù)控?fù)Q到機(jī)械手、數(shù)控?fù)Q箱機(jī)械手等。近十多年來(lái)，組 機(jī)床及其自動(dòng)線在高效、高生產(chǎn)率， 柔性化以及采用并行(同步)工程制訂更為合理、更為節(jié)省的方案方面取得了不小的進(jìn)展。尤其是汽車工業(yè)， 為了提高汽車的性能，對(duì)零件的加工精度提出了一些新的要求， 因此對(duì)機(jī)床性能的要求也更高了。近年來(lái)隨著數(shù)控技術(shù)、電子技術(shù)、計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)等的發(fā)展，組合機(jī)床的機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)和控制系統(tǒng)也發(fā)生了巨大變化。組合機(jī)床有了以下的發(fā)展：1. 數(shù)控化。數(shù)控組合機(jī)床的出現(xiàn)，不僅完全改變了過去那種由繼電器電路組成的組合機(jī)床的控制系統(tǒng)，而目也使組合機(jī)床機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)乃至通用部件標(biāo)準(zhǔn)發(fā)生了或正在發(fā)生著巨大的變化。2. 模塊化。數(shù)控加1二模塊化極大地豐富了組合機(jī)床的通用件，它必將引起組合機(jī)床通用件發(fā)生根本性變化，根據(jù)模塊化設(shè)計(jì)原理,在功能分析的基礎(chǔ)上劃分了組合機(jī)床多軸箱的各級(jí)模塊。將三維CAD技術(shù)與模塊化技術(shù)相結(jié)合,以UG(Unigaphics)為軟件開發(fā)平臺(tái),利用其強(qiáng)大的三維造型功能和裝配功能,建立了組合機(jī)床多軸箱參數(shù)化三維造型模板庫(kù),同時(shí)還建立了存放設(shè)計(jì)過程中所需數(shù)據(jù)的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)。設(shè)計(jì)人員在系統(tǒng)界面的引導(dǎo)下可完成模塊選擇、模塊組合和設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算等環(huán)節(jié),從而實(shí)現(xiàn)了計(jì)算機(jī)輔助組合機(jī)床多軸箱三維模塊化設(shè)計(jì),提高了設(shè)計(jì)效率。3. 高速化。由于高速加工可大大降低零件表面粗糙度及切削力，大大減小切削溫度，提高生產(chǎn)效率，故機(jī)床的高速化研究方興未艾，特別是數(shù)控機(jī)床的主運(yùn)動(dòng)和進(jìn)給運(yùn)動(dòng)速度已達(dá)到了驚人高速。如美國(guó)生產(chǎn)的加工中心，主軸轉(zhuǎn)速可達(dá)15 00060 000rmin，工作臺(tái)快進(jìn)速度高達(dá)90120mmin 。順應(yīng)機(jī)床高速化的潮流，組合機(jī)床的速度也越來(lái)越高。例如德國(guó)大眾汽車廠在加工鋁金缸蓋燃燒室側(cè)面時(shí)，采用PCD銑刀，銑削速度高達(dá)3 075mmin，進(jìn)給速度達(dá)3 600mmmin，而采用安裝有CBN刀片的新穎鏜刀加工灰鑄鐵時(shí)， 切削速度達(dá)800mmin，進(jìn)給速度達(dá)I 500 mmmin. 4、精密化。由于機(jī)床實(shí)現(xiàn)了數(shù)控化，因而機(jī)床的加工精度越來(lái)越高，使一些過去看來(lái)難以達(dá)到的加工精度今天也已經(jīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了。5、全防護(hù)化。全封閉是現(xiàn)在機(jī)床的一大特點(diǎn)，不論是單機(jī)還是機(jī)床生產(chǎn)線，均采用全封閉的外罩， 電器、液壓全部采用空中走線。全封閉防護(hù)，不但使機(jī)床及其生產(chǎn)線外形美觀，而且也提高了安全性、可靠性和維修的便利性。組合機(jī)床兼有低成本和高效率的優(yōu)點(diǎn),在大批量生產(chǎn)中得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用,并可以組成自動(dòng)生產(chǎn)線。多工位組合機(jī)床采用的PLC控制系統(tǒng),將PLC控制技術(shù)應(yīng)用于機(jī)床,大大提高了自動(dòng)化程度和工作效率,同時(shí)減少了大量繼電器的硬件接線,工作的可靠程度也顯著增加,方便了操作和維修。