Z形彎曲件沖壓工藝及模具設(shè)計【沖孔落料復(fù)合?!俊緩澢!俊?套】
Z形彎曲件沖壓工藝及模具設(shè)計【沖孔落料復(fù)合模】【彎曲?!俊?套】,沖孔落料復(fù)合模,彎曲模,2套,彎曲,曲折,沖壓,工藝,模具設(shè)計,沖孔,復(fù)合
外文翻譯專 業(yè) 名 稱 機(jī)械設(shè)計制造及其自動化班 級 學(xué) 號 078105232學(xué) 生 姓 名 冼 振 源指 導(dǎo) 教 師 陳 為 國填 表 日 期 2011 年 1 月 17 日General all-steel punching dies punching accuracyAccuracy of panel punching part is display the press accuracy of the die exactly. But the accuracy of any punching parts linear dimension and positional accuracy almost depend on the blanking and blanking accuracy,. So that the compound mould of compound punchings accuracy, is typicalness and representation in the majority.Analyse of the dies accuracy For the analyse of pracyicable inaccuracy during production of dies to inactivation, we could get the tendency when it is augmentation in most time. From this we could analyse the elements. When the new punch dies pt into production to the first cutter grinding, the inaccuracy produced called initial error; if the die grinding more than twenty times, until its discard, the inaccuracy called conventional error; and before the dies discard, the largest error of the last batch permit, called limiting error. at job site, the evidence to confirm life of sharpening is the higher of the blanking, punched hole or punched parts. Because all finished parts had been blanked ,so it is especially for the compound dies. Therefore, the analyse of burr and measurement is especially important when do them as enterprise standardization or checked with .The initial error usually is the minimal through the whole life of die. Its magnitude depend on the accuracy of manufacture, quality, measure of the punching part, thickness of panel, magnitude of gap and degree of homogeneity. The accuracy of manufacture depend on the manufacture process. For the 1 mm thicked compound punching part made in medium steel, the experimental result and productive practice all prove that the burr of dies which produced by spark cutting are higher 25%30% than produced by grinder ,NC or CNC. The reason is that not only the latter have more exact machining accuracy but also the value of roughness Ra is less one order than the formmer, it can be reached 0.025m. Therefore, the dies initial blanked accuracy depends on the accuracy of manufacture, quality and so on. The normal error of the punch die is the practicable error when the fist cutter grinding and the last cutter grinding before the die produce the last qualified product. As the increase of cutter grinding, caused the measure the nature wear of the dies are gradual increasing, the error of punching part increase also, so the parts are blew proof. And the die will be unused. The hole on the part and inner because the measure of wear will be small and small gradually, and its outside form will be lager in the same reason. Therefore, the hole and inner form in the part will be made mould according to one-way positive deviation or nearly equal to the limit max measure. In like manner, the punching parts appearance will be made mould according to one-way negative deviation or nearly equal to limit mini measure. For this will be broaden the normal error, and the cutter grinding times will be increased, the life will be long. The limit error in punching parts are the max dimension error which practicable allowed in the parts with limit error. This kind of parts usually are the last qualified products before the die discard.For the all classes of dies, if we analyse the fluctuate, tendency of increase and decrease and law which appeared in the dies whole life, we will find that the master of the error are changeless; the error that because the abrade of the cutter and impression will be as the cutter grinding times increased at the same time. And that will cause the error oversize gradually; and also have another part error are unconventional , unforeseen. Therefore, every die s error are composed of fixed error, system error, accident error and so on. 1. fixed error At the whole process when the New punching die between just input production to discard, the changeless master error that in qualified part are called fixed error. Its magnitude is the deviation when the die production qualified products before the first cutter grinding. Also is the initial error, but the die have initial punching accuracy at this time. Because of the abrade of parts, the die after grinding will be change the dimension error. And the increment of deviation will oversize as the times of cutter grinding. So the punching accuracy after cutter grinding also called “grinding accuracy” and lower tan initial accuracy. The fixed error depend on the elements factor as followed :(1) the material , sorts, structure, (form) dimension, and thick of panelthe magnitude of punching gap and degree of homogeneity are have a important effect for the dimension accuracy. Different punching process, material, thick of panel, have completely different gap and punching accuracy. A gear H62 which made in yellow brass with the same mode number m=0.34, 2mm thick and had a center hole, when the gap get C=0.5%t (single edge) , and punched with compound punching die, and the dimension accuracy reached IT7, the part have a flat surface ,the verticality of tangent plane reached 89.5, its roughness Ra magnitude are 12.5m, height of burr are 0.10mm; and the punching part are punched with progressive die, the gap C=7%t (single edge) , initial accuracy are IT11, and have an more rough surface, even can see the gap with eyes. In the usual situation, flushes a material and its thickness t is theselection punching gap main basis. Once the designation gap haddetermined flushes the plane size the fixed error main body; Flushesthe structure rigidity and the three-dimensional shape affects itsshape position precision.(2) punching craft and molder structure typeUses the different ramming craft, flushes a precision and the fixederror difference is really big. Except that the above piece gearexample showed, the essence flushes the craft and ordinary punching flushes a precision and the fixed error differs outside a magnitude,even if in ordinary punching center, uses the different gap punching, thefixed error difference very is also big. For example material thickt=1.5mm H62 brass punching, selects C = the 40%t unilateral I kind ofsmall gap punching compared to select C 4mm flushes, the size precision can lower some. Different dies structure type, because is suitable the rammingmaterial to be thick and the manufacture precision difference, causesto flush a fixed error to have leaves. Compound die center, multi-locations continuous type compound die because flushes continuously toduplicate the localization to add on the pattern making error to bebigger, therefore it flushes a fixed error compound punching die to wantcompared to the single location Big 1 2 levels (3) the craft of punching dies manufacturethe main work of punching die namely are raised, the concave moldprocessing procedure, to operates on the specification not to behigh, can time form a more complex cavity. But its processing surfaceapproximately is thick 0.03 0.05mm is the high temperatureablation remaining furcated austenite organization, degree ofhardness may reach as high as HRC67 70, has the micro crack, easilywhen punching appears broke the cutter or flaking. The Italian CorradaCorporations related memoir called the line cut the processing contruction to have the disadvantageous influence to the superficialgold, in fact already changed the gold contruction. We must use theJingang stone powder to grind or the numerical control continual pathcoordinates rub truncate (cut to line) to make the precision work . In recent years country and so on Switzerland and Japan, has conductedthe thorough research to the electrical finishing equipment and abigger improvement, makes function complete high accuracy NC and theCNC line cutter, the processing precision may reach 0.005 0.001mm,even is smaller. The processing surface roughness Ra value can achieve0.4 mu m. According to the recent years to the domestic 12 productionlines cutter factory investigation and study, the domesticallyproduced line cutter processing precision different factory differentmodel line cutter might reach 0.008 0.005mm, generally all in0.01mm or bigger somewhat, was individual also can achieve0.005mm, the processing surface roughness Ra value was bigger than1.6m. However, the electrical finishing ablation metal surface thus the change and the damage machined surface mental structure character can not change, only if with rubs truncates or other ways removes this harmful level. Therefore, merely uses electricity machining, including the spark cutting and the electricity perforation, achieves with difficulty punching, especially high accuracy, high life punching die to size precision and work components surface roughness Ra value request. With precisely rubs truncates the law manufacture punching die, specially makes the high accuracy, the high life punching die, such as: Thin material small gap compound punching die, multi- locations continuous type compound die and so on, has the size precision high, the work component smachined surface roughness Ra value is small, the mold life higher characteristic. Its processing craft at present changed the electrical fire by the past ordinary engine bed rough machining spark cutting or the electricity puncher rough machining, finally precisely rubs truncates, also from takes shape rubs, optics curve rubs, the manual grid reference rubs gradually filters the continual path grid reference to rub and NC and the CNC continual path grid reference rubs, Processing coarseness may reach 0.001 0.0005mm, the processing surface roughness Ra value may reach 0.1 0.025 mu m. Therefore, with this craft manufacture the die , regardless of the size precision, the work components surface roughness, all can satisfy die, each kind of compound request, the die is especially higher than the electrical finishing craft manufacture scale.(4) gap size and degree of homogeneity the flange and other sheet forming sgene rally all must first punching (fall material) the plate to launch the semi finished materials, after also has the forming to fall the material, the incision obtains the single end product to flush. Therefore punching the work, including is commonly used punching hole, the margin, cut side and so on, regarding each kind of sheet pressing partall is necessary. Therefore punching the gap to flushes a out form in chprecision to have the decisive influence. punching the gap small and is even, may cause punching the size gain high accuracy. Regarding drawability, is curving and so on mould, the gap greatly will decide increases flushes the oral area size error and the snapping back. The gapnon-uniformity can cause to flush a burr enlarges and incurs cutting edge the non-uniform attrition. (5) ramming equipment elastic deformation In the ramming process After the punch press load bearing can have the certain elastic deformation. Although this kind of distortion quantity according to flushes the pressure the size to change also to have the obvious directivity, but on the pressing part, mainly is to has the volume ramming archery target stamping, embosses, the equalization, the pressure is raised, the wave, flushes crowds, the shape, the flange, hits flatly, thinly changes draw ability and so on the craft work punching forming flushes, has the significant influence to its ramming aspect size precision普通全鋼沖模的沖壓精度分析板料沖壓件的精度準(zhǔn)確顯示出其沖模的沖壓精度。而任何沖件的線性尺寸精度與形位精度主要取決于沖模沖裁和立體成形沖壓件展開平毛坯的落料精度。因此,多工步復(fù)合沖壓的單工位復(fù)合模、多工位連續(xù)模的沖壓精度,在普通沖壓的眾多種類與不同結(jié)構(gòu)的沖模中,最具典型性和代表性。沖模的沖壓精度分析對沖模投產(chǎn)至失效報廢各個時期沖件的實(shí)際誤差分析,可以看出其增大的時期及趨向,從而分析其增大的因素。新沖模投產(chǎn)至第一次刃磨前沖制沖件的誤差即所謂的初始誤差;沖模經(jīng)過20次左右刃磨至失效報廢前沖制的沖件誤差稱之為常規(guī)誤差;而沖模失效報廢前沖制的最后一批合格沖件的允許最大誤差稱之為極限誤差。在現(xiàn)場,確定沖模刃磨壽命的依據(jù)是沖件沖孔與落料的毛刺高度。由于任何成形件都具有沖裁作業(yè)(毛坯落料或沖孔),對于復(fù)合模尤為如此。所以,沖件毛刺高度的觸模檢查和測量并按企業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)或JB4129-85沖壓件毛刺高度對照檢測就顯得十分重要。沖模的初始誤差通常是沖模整個壽命中沖件誤差最小的。其大小主要取決于沖模的制造精度與質(zhì)量及沖件尺寸、料厚以及間隙值大小與均勻度。沖模的制造精度及質(zhì)量又取決于制模工藝。對于料厚t1mm的中碳鋼復(fù)合沖裁模沖件,實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果與生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐都證明,電火花線切割制造的沖模沖件毛刺高度比用成型磨或NC與CNC連續(xù)軌跡座標(biāo)磨即精密磨削工藝制造的沖模沖件要高25%30%。這是因?yàn)楹笳卟粌H加工精度高,而且加工面粗糙度Ra值要比前者小一個數(shù)量級,可達(dá)到0.025m。因此,沖模的制造精度與質(zhì)量等因素決定了沖模的初始沖壓精度,也造就了沖件的初始誤差。沖件的常規(guī)誤差是沖模經(jīng)第一次刃磨到最后一次刃磨后沖出最后一個合格沖件為止,沖件實(shí)際具有的誤差。隨著刃磨次數(shù)的增加,刃口的自然磨損而造成的尺寸增量逐漸加大,沖件的誤差也隨之加大。當(dāng)其誤差超過極限偏差時,沖件就不合格,沖模也就失效報廢。/沖件上孔與內(nèi)形因凸模磨損尺寸會逐漸變?。黄渫庑温淞铣叽鐣虬寄Dp而逐漸增大。所以,沖件上孔與內(nèi)形按單向正偏差標(biāo)允差并依接近或幾乎等于極限最大尺寸制模。同理,沖件外形落料按單向負(fù)偏差標(biāo)注允差并依接近或幾乎等于極限最小尺寸制模。這樣就使沖件的常規(guī)誤差范圍擴(kuò)大,沖模可刃磨次數(shù)增加,模具壽命提高。沖件的極限誤差是具有極限偏差的沖件所具有的實(shí)際允許的最大尺寸誤差。這類沖件通常是在沖模失效報廢前沖制的最后一批合格沖件。對各類沖模沖件誤差在沖模整個壽命中出現(xiàn)的波動、增減趨向及規(guī)律等進(jìn)行全面分析便可發(fā)現(xiàn):沖件誤差的主導(dǎo)部分是不變的;因刃口或型腔的自然磨損而出現(xiàn)的誤差增量隨沖模刃磨沖數(shù)增加而使這部分誤差逐漸加大;還有部分誤差的增量是非常規(guī)的、不可預(yù)見的。所以,各類沖模沖件誤差是由因定誤差、漸增誤差、系統(tǒng)誤差及偶發(fā)誤差等幾部分綜合構(gòu)成。1、固定誤差新沖模在指定的沖壓設(shè)備上投入使用至失效報廢的整個(總)壽命過程中,其合格沖件誤差的主導(dǎo)部分固定不變即所謂固定誤差。其大小就是新沖模第一次刃磨前沖制的合格沖件的偏差,也即沖模的初始誤差,而此時的沖模具有初始沖壓精度。刃磨后的沖模,因其工作零件(凸、凹模)磨損而改變尺寸誤差,使沖件識差增量隨刃磨次數(shù)增加而逐漸加大,故沖模刃磨后的沖壓精度亦稱“刃磨精度”比其初始精度要低。沖模沖件的固定誤差取決于以下各要素:(1)沖件的材料種類、結(jié)構(gòu)(形狀)尺寸及料厚沖裁間隙的大小及其均勻度對沖裁件的尺寸精度有決定性的影響。不同沖裁工藝、不同材料種類與不等料厚,間隙相差懸殊,沖壓精度差異很大。同一種模數(shù)m=0.34的2mm的料厚、中心有孔的H62黃銅材料片齒輪復(fù)合模沖件,當(dāng)取間隙C=0.5%t(單邊),用復(fù)合精沖模沖制,沖件尺寸精度達(dá)到IT7級,沖件平直無拱彎,沖切面垂直度可達(dá)89.5,其表面粗糙Ra值為0.2m;而用普通復(fù)合模沖制,間隙C=5%t(單邊),沖件初始誤差亦即沖模的初始沖壓精度為1T9級,沖切面粗糙度Ra值為12.5m,毛刺高度為0.10mm;還是這個沖件用連續(xù)模沖制,間隙C=7%t(單邊),初始沖件精度為IT11級,沖切面更粗糙,甚至有肉眼可見的臺階。通常情況下,沖件材料及其厚度t是選取沖裁間隙的主要依據(jù)。一旦選定間隙就確定了沖件的平面尺寸的固定誤差的主體;沖件結(jié)構(gòu)剛度及立體形狀則影響其形位精度。(2)沖壓工藝及沖模結(jié)構(gòu)類型采用不同的沖壓工藝,沖件的精度及固定誤差相差甚大。除上述片齒輪實(shí)例說明,精沖工藝與普通沖裁的沖件精度與固定誤差相差一個數(shù)量級之外,即便在普通沖裁中,采用不同間隙沖裁,固定誤差相差也很大。例如料厚t=1.5mm的H62黃銅沖裁件,選用C40%t單邊類小間隙沖裁比選用C8%t(單邊)類大間隙沖裁,沖件固定誤差將加大40%60%,精度至少降一級。此外,采有無搭邊排樣,沖件的誤差要遠(yuǎn)大于有搭邊排樣沖件。無搭邊排樣沖件。無搭邊排樣沖件的精度低于IT12級,而多數(shù)有搭邊排樣的沖件精度在IT11IT9級之間,料厚t4mm的沖件,尺寸精度會更低一些。不同沖模結(jié)構(gòu)類型,由于適用沖壓料厚及制造精度的差異,導(dǎo)致沖件的固定誤差有別。復(fù)合模中,多工位連續(xù)式復(fù)合模由于沖件連續(xù)重復(fù)定位加上制模誤差較大,故其沖件的固定誤差比單工位復(fù)合沖裁模要 大12級。(3)沖模制造工藝沖模主要工作零件即凸、凹模的加工程序,對操作上的技術(shù)要求不高,能夠一次成形較復(fù)雜的模腔。但其加工表面約厚0.030.05mm為高溫?zé)g的殘余樹枝狀奧氏體組織,硬度可高達(dá)HRC6770,有顯微裂紋,容易在沖裁時出現(xiàn)崩刃或剝落。意大利Corrada公司的有關(guān)研究報告稱“線切割加工對表面金相結(jié)構(gòu)產(chǎn)生不利的影響,實(shí)際上已經(jīng)改變了金相結(jié)構(gòu)。我們必須用金剛石粉研磨或數(shù)控連續(xù)軌跡坐標(biāo)磨削(對線切割件)作精加工”。近年來瑞士和日本等國,對電加工設(shè)備進(jìn)行了深入的研究和較大的改進(jìn),制造出功能齊全的高精度NC和CNC線切割機(jī),加工精度可達(dá)0.0050.001mm,甚至更小。加工表面粗糙度Ra值能達(dá)到0.4m。根據(jù)近年對國內(nèi)12家生產(chǎn)線切割機(jī)工廠的調(diào)研,國產(chǎn)線切割機(jī)加工精度各別廠家的各別型號線切割機(jī)可達(dá)0.0080.005mm,一般都在0.01mm或更大一些,個別也能達(dá)到0.005mm,加工表面粗糙度Ra值均大于1.6m。然而,電加工燒蝕金屬表面從而改變和損壞加工面金相結(jié)構(gòu)的特性不會改變,除非用磨削或其他加工法去除這一有害層。所以,僅僅用電加工法,包括電火花線切割與電穿孔,難以達(dá)到?jīng)_模,尤其高精度、高壽命沖模對尺寸精度與工作零件表面粗糙度Ra值要求。用精密磨削法制造沖模,特別是制造高精度、高壽命沖模,諸如:薄料小間隙復(fù)合沖裁模、多工位連續(xù)式復(fù)合模等,具有尺寸精度高、工作零件加工面粗糙度Ra值小、模具壽命高等特點(diǎn)。其加工工藝目前已由過去的普通機(jī)床粗加工改為電火花線切割或電穿孔機(jī)粗加工,最后精密磨削,也由成型磨、光學(xué)曲線磨、手動座標(biāo)磨逐步過濾到連續(xù)軌跡座標(biāo)磨及NC與CNC連續(xù)軌跡座標(biāo)磨,加工粗度可達(dá)0.0010.0005mm,加工表面粗糙度Ra值可達(dá)0.10.025m。所以,用該工藝制造的沖模,無論尺寸精度、工作零件表面粗糙度,都能滿足沖模,尤其各種復(fù)合模的要求,比電加工工藝制造的沖模高一個檔次。(4)間隙的大小與均勻度拉深、彎曲、翻邊及其他板料成形件一般都要先沖裁(落料)出平板展開毛坯,也有成形后落料、切開得到單個成品沖件。故沖裁作業(yè),包括常用的沖孔、切口、切邊等,對于每種板料沖壓件都是必要的。所以沖裁間隙對沖件的外廓尺寸精度有決定性的影響。沖裁間隙小而均勻,可使沖裁尺寸獲取更高精度。對于拉深、彎曲等成形模,間隙大定將增大沖件口部尺寸誤差及回彈。間隙不均勻會使沖件毛刺加大并招致刃口的不均勻磨損。(5)沖壓設(shè)備的彈性變形在沖壓過程中,沖床承載后會產(chǎn)生一定的彈性變形。雖然這種變形量依沖壓力的大小變化且具有明顯的方向性,但就沖壓件,主要是對具有體積沖壓性質(zhì)的壓印、壓花、校平、壓凸、起波、沖擠、鐓形、翻邊、鐓粗、打扁、變薄拉深等工藝作業(yè)沖制成形的沖件,對其沖壓方面的尺寸精度有重大影響。廣西科技大學(xué)鹿山學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(論文)開題報告 題 目: Z形彎曲件沖壓工藝及模具 系 別: 專業(yè)班級: 姓 名: 學(xué) 號: 指導(dǎo)教師: 二 年 月 日一、選題的背景和意義(所選課題的歷史背景、國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展趨勢)模具是制造業(yè)的重要基礎(chǔ)工藝裝備,工業(yè)產(chǎn)品大批量生產(chǎn)和新產(chǎn)品開發(fā)都離不開模具,用模具生產(chǎn)制件所達(dá)到的(四高二低)高精度,高復(fù)雜程度,高一致性,高生產(chǎn)率和低耗能、低耗材,使模具工業(yè)在制造業(yè)中的地位越來越重要。模具品種繁多,共有10大類,包括沖壓、塑料、橡膠、鑄造、鍛壓等,用于制造業(yè)中幾乎所有產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn),可見模具的服務(wù)范圍已包括國民經(jīng)濟(jì)的許多方面,現(xiàn)在模具技術(shù)已成為衡量一個國家產(chǎn)品制造水平的重要標(biāo)志之一,沒有高水平的模具就沒有高水平的產(chǎn)品已成為共識。因而,設(shè)計制造出高質(zhì)量的模具已勢在必行。模具設(shè)計和制造技術(shù)水平的高低,是衡量一個國家產(chǎn)品制造水平高低的重要標(biāo)志之一,在很大程度上決定著產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量、效益和新產(chǎn)品的開發(fā)能力。本課題旨在鍛煉畢業(yè)生的思維,熟練掌握和運(yùn)用大學(xué)四年所學(xué)知識,能夠進(jìn)行獨(dú)立的設(shè)計作業(yè)。 針對題目使畢業(yè)生得到機(jī)械原理、機(jī)械零件設(shè)計、機(jī)械制造技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)及模具設(shè)計與制造的綜合訓(xùn)練。針對題目使學(xué)生獲得沖壓工藝規(guī)程、模具設(shè)計與制造加工基礎(chǔ)知識,工藝參數(shù)及加工設(shè)備的選取,計算機(jī)輔助繪圖及資料、手冊的查閱。 培養(yǎng)綜合運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識分析問題和解決實(shí)際問題的能力、探求真理的創(chuàng)新精神和創(chuàng)新能力并受到工程設(shè)計與科學(xué)理論結(jié)合的初步訓(xùn)練等方面的能力。鞏固所學(xué)的專業(yè)知識,鍛煉動手能力,培養(yǎng)工程意識,強(qiáng)化工程應(yīng)用能力,為未來的工作打下良好的基礎(chǔ) 。近幾年,我國模具制造水平大幅度提高。一個國家的模具技術(shù)水平,已成為衡量國家制造業(yè)水平的一個重要標(biāo)志,也是保持這些國家的產(chǎn)品在國際市場上優(yōu)勢的核心競爭力。中國模具行業(yè)加快了體制改革和機(jī)制轉(zhuǎn)換步伐,產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)日趨合理。相關(guān)機(jī)構(gòu)預(yù)測到2018年,中國將一躍成為全球最大的模具制造業(yè)基地之一。據(jù)國際模協(xié)秘書長羅百輝介紹,這幾年全球58%的模具是由德國等國家生產(chǎn)制造的,中國等亞洲國家的比例只占到1%,但今后東歐國家的模具將會有較大幅度的增長,而亞洲國家的生產(chǎn)比例將提高至22%左右。 模具,是工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的基礎(chǔ)工藝裝備,在電子、汽車、電機(jī)、電器、儀表、家電和通訊等產(chǎn)品中,60%80%的零部件都依靠模具成形,模具質(zhì)量的高低決定著產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量的高低,因此,模具被稱之為“百業(yè)之母”。模具又是“效益放大器”,用模具生產(chǎn)的最終產(chǎn)品的價值,往往是模具自身價值的幾十倍、上百倍。由于現(xiàn)代模具企業(yè)大多體現(xiàn)出技術(shù)密集、資金密集和高素質(zhì)勞動力密集以及高社會效益的特點(diǎn),模具制造業(yè)已成為高新技術(shù)制造產(chǎn)業(yè)的一部分。近年來,伴隨著國產(chǎn)設(shè)備水平的不斷提升,也有不少模具企業(yè)開始選擇了國產(chǎn)機(jī)床。超精密鏡面銑床、納米級車銑復(fù)合中心、超精密數(shù)控車床等也已用于模具制造。不過有些高端設(shè)備主要還是靠國外進(jìn)口。但現(xiàn)階段我國模具制造業(yè)確實(shí)取得了顯著的成功。據(jù)國際模協(xié)秘書長羅百輝介紹,我國以大型、精密、復(fù)雜、長壽命模具為代表的高水平的模具的比例已經(jīng)達(dá)到了三分之一以上。 我們要想成為世界制造業(yè)大國,沒有先進(jìn)的模具工業(yè)是不行的。在這方面我們還有很長的路要走,還有很多東西要學(xué)。首要的一條是要重視模具行業(yè)的發(fā)展,不但要有先進(jìn)的技術(shù),更要重視模具行業(yè)的商品化,讓模具行業(yè)從企業(yè)中走出來,成為一個具有市場競爭力的新興行業(yè)。據(jù)國際模協(xié)秘書長羅百輝調(diào)查,歐洲模具設(shè)計和生產(chǎn)的時間要比中國快,但因中國的勞動力成本低,對部分國外客戶有著很強(qiáng)的吸引力。同時,歐洲及世界各國之間的模具競爭也相應(yīng)加劇。當(dāng)前,越來越多的外資制造企業(yè)看到日益發(fā)展的中國模具,紛紛加入到中國的模具市場,許多國際知名品牌的汽車模具、沖壓模具、注塑模具企業(yè)也都進(jìn)入中國,且進(jìn)入中國市場的力度非常迅猛,速度也非常快。尤其是在我國的華南地區(qū)廣東一帶,港資、臺資和外資制造企業(yè)規(guī)模已經(jīng)發(fā)展很大,模具的銷售總量成為中國最多的地區(qū)。國際模協(xié)秘書長羅百輝表示,外資企業(yè)進(jìn)入中國市場,不僅將資金帶到中國市場,而且?guī)砹讼冗M(jìn)的技術(shù)、設(shè)備和工廠管理。國外模具企業(yè)已越來越感受到來自中國同行所帶來的影響和壓力。 很多新興的模具企業(yè)善于總結(jié)整個中國模具行業(yè)發(fā)展歷程,從中吸取有價值的經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn),并將其消化吸收在企業(yè)的設(shè)計規(guī)劃和發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略中。國際模協(xié)秘書長羅百輝表示,很多模具制造企業(yè)還很注重企業(yè)的品牌建設(shè),注重企業(yè)的信息化建設(shè),注重企業(yè)的國際化市場的開拓,并實(shí)現(xiàn)了模具的專業(yè)化生產(chǎn)。 我國模具行業(yè)前路該怎樣走?據(jù)不完全統(tǒng)計,2004年國內(nèi)模具進(jìn)口總值達(dá)到600多億,同時,有近200個億的出口,如果我們把進(jìn)口這一塊吃下來,這將是很大的一塊市場需求。國內(nèi)模具企業(yè)要想獲得良性的發(fā)展,體制轉(zhuǎn)變和技術(shù)創(chuàng)新是提高模具行業(yè)水平的關(guān)鍵,同時也要解決好規(guī)模和效益的問題。 如何把模具行業(yè)的規(guī)模和效益做大 ?對于我國模具業(yè),且拋開技術(shù)研發(fā)層面的問題不談,我們先探討一下如何通過行業(yè)內(nèi)的分工合作、策略聯(lián)盟共同把行業(yè)規(guī)模和效益做大。國內(nèi)模具企業(yè)要想獲得良性的發(fā)展,必須要解決好規(guī)模和效益的問題。 專家分析模具業(yè)將向多功能方向發(fā)展,國際模協(xié)秘書長羅百輝認(rèn)為,我國模具行業(yè)將向大型、精密、復(fù)雜、高效、長壽命和多功能方向發(fā)展。隨著車輛和電機(jī)等產(chǎn)品向輕量化方向發(fā)展,對壓鑄模的數(shù)量、壽命和復(fù)雜程度將提出越來越高的要求。隨著以塑料代鋼、以塑代木的發(fā)展和產(chǎn)品零件的精度和復(fù)雜程度的不斷提高,塑料模的比例將不斷提高,其精度和復(fù)雜程度也將隨著相應(yīng)提高。 采用高新技術(shù)提升我國模具工業(yè)水平,發(fā)展我國的模具工業(yè),必須結(jié)合我國國情和提升模具工業(yè)實(shí)際,走新型工業(yè)化道路。從技術(shù)的發(fā)展來看,高精度、低成本、交貨期短是今后模具發(fā)展的一個趨勢,而我們要想趕上國際先進(jìn)水平,技術(shù)創(chuàng)新是至關(guān)重要的一個環(huán)節(jié)。 信息化中國未來模具企業(yè)競爭焦點(diǎn),眾所周知,電子商務(wù)是代表著未來貿(mào)易發(fā)展的方向,也是經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和進(jìn)步的一個必然趨勢。在市場競爭逐步深入的時期,企業(yè)創(chuàng)新能力越來越成為企業(yè)競爭力的重要組成部分,信息資源也越來越成為企業(yè)的戰(zhàn)略資源。 結(jié)語:目前,我國經(jīng)濟(jì)仍處于高速發(fā)展階段,國際上經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化發(fā)展趨勢日趨明顯,這為我國模具工業(yè)高速發(fā)展提供了良好的條件和機(jī)遇。“十一五”期間中國模具工業(yè)發(fā)展迅速,產(chǎn)需兩旺,漸入佳境。但也要看到我國模具行業(yè)綜合水平落后的面貌未得到根本性的改變,一些深層次的問題尚待解決?,F(xiàn)在,中國可以說是世界模具生產(chǎn)大國之一,但還遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不是生產(chǎn)強(qiáng)國。“十二五”期間,應(yīng)該向生產(chǎn)強(qiáng)國這目標(biāo)邁進(jìn)。本課題要求對給定的零件進(jìn)行沖壓模設(shè)計,通過對零件進(jìn)行詳細(xì)的工藝分析確定零件的沖壓工藝方案工藝。通過課題讓我們能夠掌握中等復(fù)雜程度零件的沖壓模具設(shè)計和制造的一般方法,對零件沖壓工藝方案的確定、工藝計算及模具設(shè)計有更深層次的認(rèn)識,并學(xué)會對模具設(shè)計資料的檢索與整合以及對已有資料的充分合理的使用,該實(shí)踐性課題是對學(xué)生理論學(xué)習(xí)水平的實(shí)踐和檢驗(yàn),可對以后從事類似的工作有一定的指導(dǎo)性和實(shí)踐性意義。二、研究的基本內(nèi)容和擬解決的主要問題本課題研究的主要內(nèi)容 (1)對給定零件進(jìn)行工藝分析并確定工藝方案 (2)模具總體結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計及相關(guān)工藝計算 (3)進(jìn)行模具零部件的設(shè)計 (4)繪制模具裝配圖和非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件的零件圖 (5)編寫設(shè)計說明書課題研究的主要內(nèi)容該零件的材料為20鋼,較軟的碳素鋼,強(qiáng)度硬度很低,而韌性較高,有好的深沖、彎曲等冷加工性能性能。且該零件形狀簡單,彎曲半徑大于材料允許的最小彎曲半徑,可以考慮采用復(fù)合沖壓的形式。該零件尺寸較小,因此加工精度較高,但一般沖壓都能滿足其尺寸精度的要求。綜合以上分析,得出的結(jié)論是:該零件工藝性能較好,適于沖壓。1)方案對比該工件包括落料、沖孔、彎曲三個基本工序可以采用以下三種工藝方案:方案一:落料沖孔復(fù)合-彎曲- -彎曲;方案二:落料沖孔復(fù)合一次彎曲;方案三:落料-彎曲-沖孔。2)方案分析方案一:該方案工序合理,步驟符合工件形狀要求,生產(chǎn)效率不高,模具的兩次彎曲操作復(fù)雜方案二:該方案經(jīng)計算可沖孔落料復(fù)合完成,且不會致使彎曲過程中孔變形、生產(chǎn)效率高,且易于操作方案三:該方案在生產(chǎn)過程中需要三副模具,在后來工序中一步一步操作需要時間較多,且三副模具制作也不方便。3)方案確定比較上述三種工藝方案,方案二最佳。方案一、三均不能達(dá)到零件要求,(1) 通過對工件的工藝分析,確定工作的重點(diǎn)主要集中在模具工作部分零件的設(shè)計(例凸模,凹模,凸凹模),各種固定板的設(shè)計和相關(guān)尺寸的計算和校核。(2) 設(shè)計前后工序的關(guān)聯(lián)性以及模具的關(guān)聯(lián)性,合理安排工序,盡量使模具的結(jié)構(gòu)更緊密,同時在模具的設(shè)計過程中還要考慮到所設(shè)計的零件的課加工性,要盡量多的選用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件,達(dá)到規(guī)范化設(shè)計的要求成為此畢業(yè)設(shè)計的難點(diǎn)。針對此次模具設(shè)計工作量大,工作難度大的特點(diǎn),擬采用計算機(jī)輔助設(shè)計AutoCAD、UG等相關(guān)軟件來完成模具的設(shè)計,從而節(jié)省時間和精力;收集相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)、期刊論文來加以輔助設(shè)計;針對自身理論方面的不足將更多的向輔導(dǎo)老師請教學(xué)習(xí);當(dāng)然,子啊具體的設(shè)計中也要不斷的去實(shí)踐設(shè)計的模具的實(shí)用性與經(jīng)濟(jì)性,使設(shè)計更趨于精確化,規(guī)范化,系統(tǒng)化。三、研究方法及措施(二)研究方法:1.文獻(xiàn)資料法:通過查閱和收集關(guān)于沖壓模具相關(guān)的文獻(xiàn)材料。2.問卷調(diào)查法和實(shí)地考察:通過到工廠實(shí)際了解加工工藝方式,掌握研究的第一手資料。3.數(shù)理統(tǒng)計法:對獲得的材料進(jìn)行整理。(三)技術(shù)路線查閱及收集相關(guān)的文獻(xiàn)資料實(shí)地走訪企業(yè)工廠資料整理撰寫論文四、研究工作的步驟、進(jìn)度第一周 1、熟悉課題,查閱并收集有關(guān)資料,為寫開題報告做準(zhǔn)備; 2、繪制產(chǎn)品零件圖; 3、完成工藝性分析,提出設(shè)計方案 4、寫出開題報告,并完成其修改第二周 1、模具總體結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計,及工藝結(jié)構(gòu)計算 2、完成模具零件結(jié)構(gòu)形式確定及設(shè)計,選擇設(shè)備 3、繪制模具裝配圖和非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)零件零件圖,第三周 1、擬定主要零件的制造工藝 2、編寫畢業(yè)設(shè)計說明書,完成初稿并交與輔導(dǎo)老師指導(dǎo)第四周 1、針對畢業(yè)設(shè)計所出現(xiàn)問題有目的的修改確定終稿 2、準(zhǔn)備畢業(yè)答辯五、主要參考文獻(xiàn)(其中外文文獻(xiàn)不少于2篇)1劉建超、張寶忠 主編. 沖壓模具設(shè)計與制造M. 北京:高等教育出版社,2010 2夏琴香主編. 沖壓成形工藝及模具設(shè)計M.廣州:華南理工大學(xué)出版社,2004 3吳詩惇,李淼泉. 沖壓工藝及模具設(shè)計M.西安:西北工業(yè)大學(xué)出版社,2002 4沖模設(shè)計手冊編寫組.沖模設(shè)計手冊M.機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,1999.6 5王孝培主編. 沖壓設(shè)計資料M . 北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,1983 6李天佑主編. 沖模圖冊M. 北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,1990 7盧險峰編著.沖壓工藝模具學(xué)M.北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,2003 8陳文彬,塑性成形工藝與模具設(shè)計M,北京,機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,2001 9陳錦昌.計算機(jī)工程制圖M.廣州:華南理工大學(xué)出版社,200410鐘翔山.冷沖模設(shè)計案例剖析M.北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,2009.11二代龍震工作室.沖壓模具基礎(chǔ)教程M.北京:清華大學(xué)出版社,201012張正修.沖模結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計方法、要點(diǎn)及實(shí)例M.北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,200713鄧明,呂琳.沖壓成形工藝及模具M(jìn).北京:化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社,2007.14王鵬駒,成虹.沖壓模具設(shè)計師手冊M.北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社2009.15牟林,胡建華.沖壓工藝及模具設(shè)計M.北京:中國林業(yè)出版社,2006,16RajputRK.ElementsofMechanicalEngineering.KatsonPubl.House,1985 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