《高考英語二輪總復(fù)習(xí) 第18講 長難句理解課件 新課標(biāo)(湖南專用)》由會員分享,可在線閱讀,更多相關(guān)《高考英語二輪總復(fù)習(xí) 第18講 長難句理解課件 新課標(biāo)(湖南專用)(27頁珍藏版)》請?jiān)谘b配圖網(wǎng)上搜索。
1、第18講 長難句理解 2 (2012湖南卷A篇) I pulled out my phone to read a text message from my mom saying that we were leaving for Christmas shopping for him when I came across a message on my phone that I had locked. 3 56. The idea for a special gift began to form when the author was _. A. doing shopping B. having
2、a debate C. reading a message D. leaving for Wyoming C該題正確答案就是根據(jù)這一長句推斷的。該句的主干是I pulled out my phone to read a text message from my mom,而saying that we were leaving for Christmas shopping for him是Verbing短語作定語修飾主干中的名詞a text message;when I came across a message on my phone是時(shí)間狀語從句,that I had locked是定語從句
3、修飾先行詞a message。由此可知答案為C。思路點(diǎn)撥思路點(diǎn)撥 在閱讀理解中,考生會經(jīng)常碰到許多結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜的句子,也就是所謂的長難句。命題者在句子理解難度上大做文章,無非是想通過增加句子長度和使用復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)來干擾考生正常的閱讀習(xí)慣和思維方式,從而達(dá)到考查考生綜合閱讀能力的目的。長難句在閱讀理解中容易給考生造成閱讀障礙,形成一種心理壓力,使考生失分。 一、長難句的基本特征 (一一) 含多重從句和修飾語的復(fù)合句。含多重從句和修飾語的復(fù)合句。 這些句子往往較長,一個(gè)從句套著另一個(gè)從句,環(huán)環(huán)相扣,使得考生不明白整個(gè)句子結(jié)構(gòu)??忌鷳?yīng)通過仔細(xì)分析找出主干和修飾成分,這樣整個(gè)句子結(jié)構(gòu)就清晰了。 (二二) 分隔
4、結(jié)構(gòu)和成分省略的干擾。分隔結(jié)構(gòu)和成分省略的干擾。 為了調(diào)整語氣和增加補(bǔ)充信息,更主要的是為了平衡句子結(jié)構(gòu),避免頭重腳輕,使語義嚴(yán)密,結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊,英語中將語法關(guān)系密切的兩個(gè)句子成分用其他語法成分分隔開來,這就是所謂的分隔結(jié)構(gòu)。考試中出現(xiàn)較多的是插入語、用破折號插入的新話題或補(bǔ)充信息。此外,還有一些句子成分(一般是定語)過長而出現(xiàn)后置,只不過它只是句子原有成分位置的調(diào)整,沒有新增信息。 省略主要是為了避免重復(fù),突出關(guān)鍵詞并使上下文緊密連接。成分省略一般和從句相結(jié)合,一正一反,使句子富于變化,增強(qiáng)表現(xiàn)力。 (三三)正常語序的改變。正常語序的改變。 改變語序主要指倒裝句式。這些句子往往和一些副詞、連詞相
5、關(guān),有明顯的標(biāo)志。 當(dāng)然,被動(dòng)句、雙重否定句等句式在閱讀考試中也屢屢出現(xiàn)。希望考生能結(jié)合閱讀實(shí)踐來體會上述句法特征。 二、長難句的理解技巧 一般說來,長難句理解主要采用“主干成分分析法”,按“先干后枝”的原則處理,即按“主句從句修飾語”的順序進(jìn)行。具體步驟如下: 第一步:整句結(jié)構(gòu)分析。第一步:整句結(jié)構(gòu)分析。 通過語法分析,迅速弄清整個(gè)句子的結(jié)構(gòu),把握住句子的基本框架,確定整個(gè)句子是簡單句、并列句還是復(fù)合句。例句:“I felt there was a need for a book like this.” she says. “I didnt want to lecture, but I wa
6、nted other diabetics to know that things get better when were selfcontrolled and do our part in managing the disease.” 分析:整個(gè)句子是個(gè)簡單句,即:she says “”。只不過,前后兩個(gè)引號為兩個(gè)并列的賓語從句。第一處引號“I felt there was a need for a book like this.”的主語為I,felt后跟了一個(gè)賓語從句“there was a need for a book like this”。第二處引號“I didnt want to
7、lecture, butmanaging the disease.”由but連接兩個(gè)分句,第二個(gè)分句有主句I wanted other diabetics to know, 賓語從句that things get better 及時(shí)間狀語從句when were selfcontrolled and do our part in managing the disease。 第二步:主干成分確定。第二步:主干成分確定。 找出句子的核心成分,確定主句的主語和謂語。 例句:Miss Germaines mother looked anxious through the wedding and Mr.
8、Cordells parents are reported to be less than delighted. 分析:本句由兩個(gè)分句組成,and連接兩個(gè)并列單句。句意: Germaine小姐的母親在整個(gè)婚禮過程中看上去很焦慮,Cordell先生的父母親據(jù)報(bào)道也不開心。 第三步:從句功能分析。第三步:從句功能分析。 找出句中從句的引導(dǎo)詞,分析從句類型(是否為定語從句、名詞性從句或狀語從句等)和從句之間及從句和主句之間的關(guān)系。 例句:Whereas a womans closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a f
9、ailing marriage,it wasnt unusual to hear a man say he didnt know his friends marriage was in serious trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa.分析:whereas引導(dǎo)了一個(gè)從句,即 a womans closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage, 而it wasnt unusu
10、al to hear aif he could sleep on the sofa.為主句,其中it為形式主語,真正的主語為不定式 to hear a man。省略to的不定式say作賓語補(bǔ)足語,say后面接了一個(gè)賓語從句he didnt know,know后面又接了一個(gè)賓語從句his friends marriage was in serious trouble和時(shí)間狀語從句until he appeared one night,現(xiàn)在分詞短語asking 作伴隨狀語,asking 后面又接了一個(gè)賓語從句if he could sleep on the sofa。句意:一個(gè)女人最親密的女友,很
11、可能第一個(gè)奉勸她結(jié)束不幸的婚姻。然而,我們常聽到男人說,他是在朋友突然來到自己家里并要求睡在沙發(fā)上時(shí),才明白朋友的婚姻有了麻煩。 第四步:短語功能分析。第四步:短語功能分析。 找出非謂語動(dòng)詞短語、介詞短語、形容詞短語、名詞短語等短語,分析其功能以及它們與謂語動(dòng)詞/非謂語動(dòng)詞/從句/主句之間的關(guān)系等。 例句:If you ask people to name one person who had the greatest effect on the English language, you will get answers like “Shakespeare”, “Samuel Johnson
12、”, and “Webster”, but none of these men had any effect at all compared to a man who didnt even speak English William the Conqueror. 分析:首先找出并列復(fù)合句,即but連接的兩個(gè)句子,再看but前的并列句中有一個(gè)if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句,but后的并列句中有一個(gè)who引導(dǎo)的定語從句,修飾a man。句意:如果你要求別人說出對英語的影響最大的人,你可能會得到像“Shakespeare”, “Samuel Johnson”和 “Webster”之類的答案。但是與一個(gè)甚至不
13、會說英語的人“征服者”William相比,這些人就毫無影響力了。【基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)】【基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)】譯文:譯文: 在看到父親打開仔細(xì)鑲嵌于一個(gè)廉價(jià)框架,并看到那些龍飛鳳舞的黑色文字時(shí)的表情的那一刻,我就知道我送的禮物非常完美了。【基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)】2. (2012湖南卷B篇)Arriving in 1805, he wrote a letter complaining that it was a place of “mess and drunkenness”結(jié)構(gòu): 主句為he_wrote_a_letter,_complaining that為非謂語動(dòng)詞形式作伴隨狀語;引導(dǎo)賓語從句,Arriving in 1805
14、作狀語。【基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)】譯文:譯文:他1805年到達(dá),寫了一封投訴信,抱怨說,這是一個(gè)醉醺醺的一團(tuán)糟的地方。【基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)】3. (2012湖南卷B篇)It is also said that on occasion Byron swam naked by moonlight in the lake, which is now known as Byrons Pool.結(jié)構(gòu):主句為It_is_also_said,that引導(dǎo)主語從句,naked_by_moonlight是形容詞短語作狀語,which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句修飾先行詞lake。【基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)】譯文:譯文:人們說,拜倫偶爾會在河里借著月光裸泳。這
15、條河也就是現(xiàn)在聞名的“拜倫池”?!净A(chǔ)練習(xí)】4. (2012湖南卷C篇)The material, made from shrimp (蝦) shells and proteins produced from silk, is called “shrilk”結(jié)構(gòu):主句為The_material_is_called_“shrilk”. made from是過去分詞短語作定語修飾The_material,produced from silk同樣是過去分詞短語修飾proteins?!净A(chǔ)練習(xí)】譯文:譯文:這種名為“蝦客”的物質(zhì),是由蝦殼和絲綢構(gòu)建的蛋白所組成的。【基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)】5. (2012湖南卷C篇
16、)Decades later, however, plastics very durability (耐用性) is raising questions about how appropriate it is for onetime products such as plastic bags, or shortlived consumer goods, used in the home for a few years and then cast into a landfill where they will degrade for centuries.結(jié)構(gòu):主句為plastics_very_durability_(耐用性)_is_raising_questions,how引導(dǎo)介詞后的賓語從句,usedand then cast為過去分詞短語作定語修飾前面的名詞,where引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾名詞landfill?!净A(chǔ)練習(xí)】譯文:譯文:然而幾十年后,塑料的耐用性受到了質(zhì)疑,那就是使用一次性的產(chǎn)品比如塑料袋或者一次性的消費(fèi)品,在家里使用幾年之后扔到垃圾堆里好幾個(gè)世紀(jì)才能降解合理嗎?