CA6140車床濾油器體（角形軸承）零件機械加工工藝規(guī)程及鉆3-φ9孔夾具設計【鉆3-φ9孔】【含SW三維】【版本1】

CA6140車床濾油器體（角形軸承）零件機械加工工藝規(guī)程及鉆3-9孔夾具設計【鉆3-9孔】【含SW三維】【版本1】,鉆3-9孔,含SW三維,版本1,CA6140,車床,濾油器體,角形,軸承,零件,機械,加工,工藝,規(guī)程,夾具,設計,SW,三維,版本 西安工業(yè)大學北方信息工程學院畢業(yè)設計（論文）中期報告題目：角形軸承箱工藝編制及夾具設計系 （部）： 機械信息系 專 業(yè)： 機械設計制造及其自動化 班 級： B070203 學 生： 朱政 學 號： B07020331 指導教師： 萬宏強 2011年03月15日1. 設計（論文）進展狀況1）、已完成了一篇外文翻譯，檢索查閱技術文獻，對課題有了進一步的認識。熟悉了Solidworks畫圖軟件。2）、已學習和掌握了夾具設計的基本理論和方法，了解了研究此課題的意義和外圓磨床的結構及其所加工零件的主要類型。3）、已分析研究工件的結構形狀、尺寸、材料、熱處理要求，主要表面的加工精度、表面粗糙度及其它技術要求。4）、已熟悉工藝文件和毛坯的種類、形狀、加工余量及其精度。工件的加工工藝過程、工序圖、本工序所處的地位，本工序前已加工表面的精度及表面粗糙度，基準面的狀況以及加工時所需的磨削量。5）、已完成了彈性波紋套心軸夾具的設計，包括夾具的結構設計、原理設計及各個零件的形狀、尺寸、公差配合的設計。6）、已用Solidworks軟件繪制了第一套夾具的各個零件的零件圖（三維建模）、工件的零件圖及夾具的裝配圖。繪制了夾具的CAD裝配圖。2. 未完成的任務及解決的措施未完成的任務：1）、完成包括夾具的結構設計、原理設計及各個零件的形狀、尺寸、公差配合的設計。2）、用Solidworks軟件繪制每個夾具的各個零件的零件圖、工件的零件圖及夾具的轉配圖和夾具的CAD裝配圖。如圖1零件二維圖。圖1角型軸承箱零件圖解決的措施： 再一次認真的學習相關資料文獻 熟悉掌握Solidworks軟件，盡快完成個零件圖的繪制 遇到問題，積極請教老師和同學3. 后期工作安排第10-14周 用Solidworks軟件繪制每個夾具的各個零件的零件圖、工件的零件圖及夾具的裝配圖。第15-18周 完善數(shù)據(jù)庫和三維模型，撰寫畢業(yè)設計論文和必要的圖紙，準備答辯。 指導教師簽字： 年 月 日西安工業(yè)大學北方信息工程學院機械加工工藝過程卡片產品型號0001零件圖號00產品名稱角型軸承箱零件名稱角型軸承箱共1頁第1頁材 料 牌 號HT150毛 坯 種 類毛坯外形尺寸每毛坯件數(shù)1每 臺 件 數(shù)1備 注 工 序 號 工 名 序 稱 工 序 內 容 車 間 工 段設 備工 藝 裝 備 工 時 準終 單件1鑄造（金屬型）鑄造毛胚2清砂檢驗毛坯各尺寸，不得有砂眼缺陷 3熱處理人工時效溫度，消除殘余應力； 4加工外圓粗車左端面CA6140四爪卡盤5锪孔先锪30內孔面，再38內孔；立式鉆床專用夾具6粗車粗車48外圓，切退刀槽；CA6140四爪卡盤7鉸孔 鉸38內孔，內孔倒角；Z35專用夾具8精車精車48外圓； CA6140四爪卡盤9鉆孔 鉆3-9通孔；加工中心專用夾具10磨磨左端面；M7120A 設 計（日 期） 校 對（日期） 審 核（日期） 標準化（日期） 會 簽（日期） 標記處數(shù)更改文件號簽 字 日 期標記處數(shù)更改文件號簽 字 日 期西安工業(yè)大學北方信息工程學院機械加工工藝過程卡片產品型號0001零件圖號00產品名稱角型軸承箱零件名稱角型軸承箱共1頁第1頁材 料 牌 號HT150毛 坯 種 類毛坯外形尺寸每毛坯件數(shù)1每 臺 件 數(shù)1備 注 工 序 號 工 名 序 稱 工 序 內 容 車 間 工 段設 備工 藝 裝 備 工 時 準終 單件11磨磨左端面；M7120A12出油口加工出油口搖臂鉆床Z35 專用夾具 13進油口 加工進油口搖臂鉆床Z35 專用夾具 14鉗工加工 用鉗工去毛刺；15精磨 精磨48外圓M4W四爪卡盤16檢驗 檢驗是否達到要求的精度和粗糙度。17 181920 設 計（日 期） 校 對（日期） 審 核（日期） 標準化（日期） 會 簽（日期） 標記處數(shù)更改文件號簽 字 日 期標記處數(shù)更改文件號簽 字 日 期車左端面機械加工工序卡片產品型號0001零件圖號01產品名稱角型軸承箱零件名稱角型軸承箱共9頁第1頁 車間工序號工序名稱材 料 牌 號0120車HT150毛 坯 種 類毛坯外形尺寸每毛坯可制件數(shù)每 臺 件 數(shù)鑄 件11設備名稱設備型號設備編號同時加工件數(shù)臥式車床CA61400011夾具編號夾具名稱切削液001四爪卡盤工位器具編號工位器具名稱工序工時 (分)準終單件工步號工 步 內 容工 藝 裝 備主軸轉速切削速度進給量切削深度進給次數(shù)工步工時r/minm/minmm/rmm機動輔助1粗車：粗車左端面外圓車刀49474.50.41.232 設 計（日 期） 校 對（日期） 審 核（日期） 標準化（日期） 會 簽（日期）標記處數(shù)更改文件號簽 字 日 期標記處數(shù)更改文件號簽 字 日 期锪、擴機械加工工序卡片產品型號0001零件圖號02產品名稱角型軸承箱零件名稱角型軸承箱共9頁第2頁車間工序號工序名稱材 料 牌 號0225锪HT150毛 坯 種 類毛坯外形尺寸每毛坯可制件數(shù)每 臺 件 數(shù)鑄 件11設備名稱設備型號設備編號同時加工件數(shù)立式鉆床搖臂鉆床Z35 0021夾具編號夾具名稱切削液002專用夾具工位器具編號工位器具名稱工序工時 (分)準終單件工步號工 步 內 容工 藝 裝 備主軸轉速切削速度進給量切削深度進給次數(shù)工步工時r/minm/minmm/rmm機動輔助1先锪30內孔面30锪鉆 33539.60.1342再擴38內孔38擴孔3 設 計（日 期） 校 對（日期） 審 核（日期） 標準化（日期） 會 簽（日期）標記處數(shù)更改文件號簽 字 日 期標記處數(shù)更改文件號簽 字 日 期車機械加工工序卡片產品型號0001零件圖號03產品名稱角型軸承箱零件名稱角型軸承箱共9頁第3頁車間工序號工序名稱材 料 牌 號0330車HT150毛 坯 種 類毛坯外形尺寸每毛坯可制件數(shù)每 臺 件 數(shù)鑄 件11設備名稱設備型號設備編號同時加工件數(shù)車床 CA61400031夾具編號夾具名稱切削液003三抓卡盤工位器具編號工位器具名稱工序工時 (分)準終單件工步號工 步 內 容工 藝 裝 備主軸轉速切削速度進給量切削深度進給次數(shù)工步工時r/minm/minmm/rmm機動輔助1粗車48外圓柱面YT硬質合金可轉位車刀。32037.20.6212 設 計（日 期） 校 對（日期） 審 核（日期） 標準化（日期） 會 簽（日期）標記處數(shù)更改文件號簽 字 日 期標記處數(shù)更改文件號簽 字 日 期鉸機械加工工序卡片產品型號0001零件圖號04產品名稱角型軸承箱零件名稱角型軸承箱共9頁第4頁車間工序號工序名稱材 料 牌 號0435鉸HT150毛 坯 種 類毛坯外形尺寸每毛坯可制件數(shù)每 臺 件 數(shù)鑄 件11設備名稱設備型號設備編號同時加工件數(shù)立式鉆床Z350041夾具編號夾具名稱切削液004專用夾具工位器具編號工位器具名稱工序工時 (分)準終單件工步號工 步 內 容工 藝 裝 備主軸轉速切削速度進給量切削深度進給次數(shù)工步工時r/minm/minmm/rmm機動輔助1鉸38內孔，內孔倒角高速鋼鉸刀26518621 設 計（日 期） 校 對（日期） 審 核（日期） 標準化（日期） 會 簽（日期）標記處數(shù)更改文件號簽 字 日 期標記處數(shù)更改文件號簽 字 日 期車機械加工工序卡片產品型號0001零件圖號05產品名稱角型軸承箱零件名稱角型軸承箱共9頁第5頁車間工序號工序名稱材 料 牌 號0540車HT150毛 坯 種 類毛坯外形尺寸每毛坯可制件數(shù)每 臺 件 數(shù)鑄 件11設備名稱設備型號設備編號同時加工件數(shù)臥式車床CA61400051夾具編號夾具名稱切削液005三抓卡盤工位器具編號工位器具名稱工序工時 (分)準終單件工步號工 步 內 容工 藝 裝 備主軸轉速切削速度進給量切削深度進給次數(shù)工步工時r/minm/minmm/rmm機動輔助1 精車48外圓 硬質合金11201760.250.52 設 計（日 期） 校 對（日期） 審 核（日期） 標準化（日期） 會 簽（日期）標記處數(shù)更改文件號簽 字 日 期標記處數(shù)更改文件號簽 字 日 期鉆機械加工工序卡片產品型號0001零件圖號06產品名稱角型軸承箱零件名稱角型軸承箱共9頁第6頁車間工序號工序名稱材 料 牌 號0645鉆HT150毛 坯 種 類毛坯外形尺寸每毛坯可制件數(shù)每 臺 件 數(shù)鑄 件11設備名稱設備型號設備編號同時加工件數(shù)立式鉆床350061夾具編號夾具名稱切削液006專用夾具工位器具編號工位器具名稱工序工時 (分)準終單件工步號工 步 內 容工 藝 裝 備主軸轉速切削速度進給量切削深度進給次數(shù)工步工時r/minm/minmm/rmm機動輔助1鉆3-9通孔高速鉆頭1320300272341 設 計（日 期） 校 對（日期） 審 核（日期） 標準化（日期） 會 簽（日期）標記處數(shù)更改文件號簽 字 日 期標記處數(shù)更改文件號簽 字 日 期磨機械加工工序卡片產品型號0001零件圖號07產品名稱角型軸承箱零件名稱角型軸承箱共9頁第7頁車間工序號工序名稱材 料 牌 號0750磨HT150毛 坯 種 類毛坯外形尺寸每毛坯可制件數(shù)每 臺 件 數(shù)鑄 件11設備名稱設備型號設備編號同時加工件數(shù)臥式車床CA61400071夾具編號夾具名稱切削液007專用夾具工位器具編號工位器具名稱工序工時 (分)準終單件工步號工 步 內 容工 藝 裝 備主軸轉速切削速度進給量切削深度進給次數(shù)工步工時r/minm/minmm/rmm機動輔助1磨左端面M7120A152712000.150.32 設 計（日 期） 校 對（日期） 審 核（日期） 標準化（日期） 會 簽（日期）標記處數(shù)更改文件號簽 字 日 期標記處數(shù)更改文件號簽 字 日 期進出油口機械加工工序卡片產品型號0001零件圖號08產品名稱角型軸承箱零件名稱角型軸承箱共9頁第8頁車間工序號工序名稱材 料 牌 號0855/60進出油口HT150毛 坯 種 類毛坯外形尺寸每毛坯可制件數(shù)每 臺 件 數(shù)鑄 件11設備名稱設備型號設備編號同時加工件數(shù)立式鉆床Z350081夾具編號夾具名稱切削液008專用夾具工位器具編號工位器具名稱工序工時 (分)準終單件工步號工 步 內 容工 藝 裝 備主軸轉速切削速度進給量切削深度進給次數(shù)工步工時r/minm/minmm/rmm機動輔助11. 鉆11的孔高速麻花鉆頭33511.90.871422. 攻M18x1.5YG6硬質合金螺紋車刀85030114 設 計（日 期） 校 對（日期） 審 核（日期） 標準化（日期） 會 簽（日期）標記處數(shù)更改文件號簽 字 日 期標記處數(shù)更改文件號簽 字 日 期磨機械加工工序卡片產品型號0001零件圖號09產品名稱角型軸承箱零件名稱角型軸承箱共9頁第9頁車間工序號工序名稱材 料 牌 號0965磨HT150毛 坯 種 類毛坯外形尺寸每毛坯可制件數(shù)每 臺 件 數(shù)鑄 件11設備名稱設備型號設備編號同時加工件數(shù)臥式車床Z350091夾具編號夾具名稱切削液009專用夾具工位器具編號工位器具名稱工序工時 (分)準終單件工步號工 步 內 容工 藝 裝 備主軸轉速切削速度進給量切削深度進給次數(shù)工步工時r/minm/minmm/rmm機動輔助1 精磨48外圓M4W26672095 設 計（日 期） 校 對（日期） 審 核（日期） 標準化（日期） 會 簽（日期）標記處數(shù)更改文件號簽 字 日 期標記處數(shù)更改文件號簽 字 日 期西安工業(yè)大學北方信息工程學院畢業(yè)設計(論文)開題報告題目：角形軸承箱零件工藝編制及夾具設計系 （部）： 機械信息系 專 業(yè)： 機械設計制造及其自動化班 級： B070203 學 生： 朱政 學 號： B07020331 指導教師： 萬宏強 2010年11月25日開題報告填寫要求1開題報告作為畢業(yè)設計（論文）答辯委員會對學生答辯資格審查的依據(jù)材料之一。此報告應在指導教師指導下，由學生在畢業(yè)設計（論文）工作前期內完成。2開題報告內容必須按教務處統(tǒng)一設計的電子文檔標準格式（可從教務處網頁上下載）填寫并打?。ń勾蛴≡谄渌埳虾蠹糍N），完成后應及時交給指導教師審閱。3開題報告字數(shù)應在1500字以上，參考文獻應不少于15篇（不包括辭典、手冊，其中外文文獻至少3篇），文中引用參考文獻處應標出文獻序號，“參考文獻”應按附件中參考文獻“注釋格式”的要求書寫。4 年、月、日的日期一律用阿拉伯數(shù)字書寫，例：“2008年11月26日”。91. 畢業(yè)設計（論文）綜述1.1課題背景機床夾具是重要的機械制造工藝設備，在機械加工中，夾具的設計是工藝設計的主要內容，傳統(tǒng)的機床夾具設計工作量大，標準零件選用程序復雜。隨著企業(yè)三維軟件的逐漸普及，在三維設計時機床夾具零部件的建模需占用設計師大量時間，因此，開發(fā)機床夾具的標準零部件圖庫，可在一定程度上減少夾具設計，使用者的工作量，在機械設計中利用計算機技術，實現(xiàn)組合夾具的計算機輔助設計和計算，可是設計人員把更多的時間投入到創(chuàng)造性工作中去以達到縮短產品開發(fā)周期的目的。1.2課題研究意義工藝裝備是制造系統(tǒng)中的一個重要組成部分。隨著機械產品更新?lián)Q代的不斷加快，多品種小批量生產成為當前的主要生產方式，要求制造系統(tǒng)的設計制造具有快速響應產品變化的能力，能夠縮短產品設計制造周期，增加制造系統(tǒng)的柔性，降低成本，提高產品質量。但是，由于工藝裝備尤其是夾具零部件的標準化、系列化、規(guī)格化程度差，夾具設計完全依賴設計人員的經驗，產品更新?lián)Q代加快導致夾具設計工作量不斷加大。因此快速實現(xiàn)夾具設計已成為企業(yè)的迫切要求。將計算機輔助設計技術應用到夾具設計的過程是解決這一問題的必然選擇。隨著計算機技術的發(fā)展和應用，計算機輔助夾具設計在理論和應用上都得到了迅速發(fā)展，大大提高了夾具的設計效率，縮短了生產準備周期。在產品設計中，大量應用標準件是代表一個國家和企業(yè)設計制造水平的重要標志。在機械產品中，有大約30%70%的零件是標準件，這些零件大多具有相同或相似的外形特征，只是尺寸規(guī)格有所不同，如果沒有三維標準件庫，將不得不在創(chuàng)建和開發(fā)過程中對標準件進行重復建模，不但耗費了設計人員的時間和精力，延長設計周期，而且增加了產品的生產制造成本，所以建立通用的符合國家標準和企業(yè)標準的標準件庫是提高設計效率的保證。專用夾具的設計更不例外。因此利用三維CAD軟件如UG、SoldiEdge、Pro/ENGINEER等建立通用的標準件庫和機床夾具零部件庫具有極其深遠的意義和價值。1.3國內外研究的相關情況夾具是機械加工不可缺少的部件，在機床技術向高速、高效、精密、復合、智能、環(huán)保方向發(fā)展的帶動下，夾具技術正朝著高精、高效、模塊、組合、通用、經濟方向發(fā)展。 近年來，由于數(shù)控機床、加工中心、成組技術、柔性制造系統(tǒng)（FMS）等新加工技術的應用，對機床夾具提出了如下新的要求13：（1）可以快速方便設備生產的新產品,以縮短生產準備階段、降低生產成本,（2）能裝夾一組具有相似性特征的工件；（3）能適用于精密加工的高精度機床夾具；（4）適用于各種現(xiàn)代制造技術的新型機床夾具, （5）采用以液壓站等為動力源的高效夾緊裝置，以進一步降低了工人的勞動強度,提高勞動生產率,（6）改善標準化機床夾具。2. 本課題研究的主要內容和擬采用的研究方案、研究方法或措施2.1課題研究內容以機床夾具標準為依據(jù)，用Pro/ENGINEER軟件完成。設計角形軸承箱零件加工時所需的夾具。夾具設計時要考慮結合已建立的設計工作。2.2研究方案及方法機床夾具的標準件繪制可采用Pro/ENGINEER和CAD軟件，其中Pro/ENGINEER通過定義特征來創(chuàng)建零件,而CAD可用來表達二維工程圖和裝配圖。根據(jù)工件結構形狀及所選夾具制定相關的加工工序。2.3研究原始資料,明確夾具任務1、為了明確夾具的設計任務，首先要分析研究工件的結構形狀、尺寸、材料、熱處理要求，主要表面的加工精度、表面粗糙度及其它技術要求。2、熟悉工藝文件和毛坯的種類、形狀、加工余量及其精度。工件的加工工藝過程、工序圖、本工序所處的地位，本工序前已加工表面的精度及表面粗糙度，基準面的狀況以及加工時所需的磨削量。3、了解加工所用的設備、輔助工具中和設計夾具有關的技術性能、規(guī)格和工具車間的技術水平。必要時需要了解同類工件的加工方法和所用夾具的情況。2.4 確定夾具的結構方案確定夾具的結構方案，主要考慮一下問題： （1）確定工件的定位方式，選擇或設計定位元件，計算定位誤差 根據(jù)六點定位原理以及工件表面的各種形式，如平面、外圓、內孔等確定采用一定結構的定位元件，以保證定位元件的定位面和工件的定位基準面相接觸和配合，實現(xiàn)工件的定位。 （2）確定工件的夾緊方式，選擇和設計夾緊機構,計算夾緊力夾緊可以用手動、氣動、液壓或其他力源形式。重點應考慮夾緊力的大小、方向、作用點，以及作用力的傳遞方式，看是否會破壞定位，是否會造成工件過量變形，是否能滿足生產率的要求。對于氣動、液壓夾具，應考慮氣（液壓）缸的形式、安裝位置、活塞桿長短等。（3）確定刀具的引導方法，并設計引導元件和對刀裝置。（4）確定夾具整體結構方案定位、夾緊確定之后，還要確定其他機構，如分度裝置和工件頂出裝置等。最后設計夾具體，將各種元件、機構有機地連接在一起。（5）夾具精度分析在繪制的夾具結構草圖上，標注出初步確定的定位元件的公差配合關系及相互位置精度，然后計算定位誤差，根據(jù)誤差不等式關系檢驗所規(guī)定的精度是否滿足本工序加工技術要求、是否合理。否則應采取措施然后（如重新確定公差，更換定位元件，改變定位基準，必要時甚至改變原設計方案）重新分析計算。（6）夾具夾緊力分析首先應計算切削力大小，它是計算夾緊力的主要依據(jù)。通常確定切削力由單位切削力算出或者由手冊上提供的圖表查出。根據(jù)切削力、夾緊力的方向、大小，按靜力平衡條件求得理論夾緊力。為了保證工件裝夾的安全可靠，夾緊機構（或元件）產生的實際夾緊力，一船應為理論夾緊力的1.52.5倍。（7）考慮多個夾具的總體結構，經過分析和比較，從中選取較合理的方案。3. 本課題研究的重點及難點，前期已開展工作3.1本課題研究的重點1）以機床夾具標準為依據(jù)，用Pro/ENGINEER軟件完成機床夾具的標準件（部分）三維模型建模工作。2）夾具設計時要考慮結合已建立的機床夾具的標準件三維模型庫，即設計時從機床夾具的標準件三維模型庫中調用夾具設計時所需的標準零件快速完成角形軸承箱零件加工時所需的夾具設計工作。3.2本課題研究的難點1）對機床夾具手冊中的查表和計算。2）機床夾具的標準三維建模。3）機床夾具的材料、形狀、尺寸等參數(shù)的確定和有關夾緊力的計算問題。3.3前期已開展的工作分析課題，查找與課題有關的資料，進行初期的規(guī)劃和整理，對課題研究的內容有了充分的認識，同時掌握了Pro/ENGINEER繪圖工具，熟練掌握了三維繪圖方法，為后期工作做了充分的準備。3.4預期設計（論文）成果 1、能夠熟練運用計算機軟件進行繪圖。 2、按要求完成畢業(yè)論文的撰寫。 3、按要求繪制出課題所需工程圖。 4、按要求編制工藝規(guī)程。4 完成本課題的工作方案及進度計劃（按周次填寫）第1-2周：課題調研、軟件學習、準備開題；第3周：開題答辯；第4-6周：完成數(shù)據(jù)庫的整理、建立和修改，完成零件模型的建模；第7周：完成英文翻譯；第8周：完成中期工作，提交中期報告；第9-11周：完成機床某零件的工藝設計和所需的關鍵工序夾具設計；第12-14周：完善三維模型和必要的圖紙，撰寫畢業(yè)設計論文，準備答辯；第18周，進行畢業(yè)答辯。5 指導教師意見（對課題的深度、廣度及工作量的意見） 指導教師： 年 月 日 6 所在系審查意見： 系主管領導： 年 月 日。附件：參考文獻 1文懷興，夏田編著，數(shù)控機床系統(tǒng)設計M，化學工業(yè)出版社，20052趙紅星，熊良山編著,計算機輔助夾具設計的研究內容和發(fā)展沿革J，組合機床與自動化加工技術，2007年02期3Wu Y,Rong Y M,Chu T C.Automated generation of dedicated fixture designJ,International Journal of Computer Application in Technology,1997(10):213-2354徐紅靜；王鳳岐；郭偉；計算機輔助夾具系統(tǒng)的研究與開發(fā)J,機械設計 2005年03期5 蔡瑾，段國林，李翠玉，李德紅.夾具設計技術發(fā)展綜述J.河北工業(yè)大學學報, 2002年10月第31卷第5期:135137.6朱耀祥；發(fā)展組合夾具技術的新方向J,機械工人，冷加工 1985年11期7 Lin ZC, HuangJC.The fixture planning of modular fixtures of measurementJ, IIE Transactions.2000(32):345359.8Nee A Y C,Advaneed fixture design for FMS M. Newyork :SPringer-Verlag，1995:2427.9 朱耀祥,融亦鳴.柔性夾具與計算機輔助夾具設計技術的進展J.制造技術與機床, 2000(8): 5-8.10Lothar Handge；夾具系統(tǒng)的發(fā)展J,現(xiàn)代制造 2006年15期11孟少農主編，機械加工工藝手冊M，機械工業(yè)出版社，199112劉文劍；蘇寶華；李振明；半智能化組合夾具設計的研究J.哈爾濱工業(yè)大學學報 1994年04期13 孫曉斌等.基于特征的夾具設計方法研究J.機械科學與技術，2000年第19卷第3期:2630.14劉瓊；唐虹；計算機輔助組合夾具管理系統(tǒng)J.航空科學技術 2005年04期15方坤禮；基于Pro/E的機床夾具虛擬設計技術研究D.浙江工業(yè)大學 2007畢業(yè)設計(論文)外文資料翻譯系 別 機電信息系 專 業(yè) 機械設計制造及其自動化 班 級 B070203 姓 名 朱 政 學 號 B07020331 外文出處 附 件 1. 原文； 2. 譯文 2011年5月Numerical control technology and equipment trends and countermeasuresEquipment, technology and modern industry determines the level of the whole national economy and the degree of modernization, the development of numerical control technology and equipment is high-tech industry and cutting-edge emerging industries (such as information technology and industry, biotechnology and industry, aviation and aerospace national defense industry) enabling technology and the most basic equipment. Marx once said the difference between different economic era, is not what is produced, but rather how to produce, with the means of labor. Manufacturing technology and equipment is the most basic of human activities of production, and numerical control technology is todays most advanced manufacturing technology and equipment, the core technology. Widely used in manufacturing countries in the world of CNC technology to increase manufacturing capacity and level, to improve the dynamic ability to adapt to changing markets and competitiveness. In addition, the industrial countries in the world and CNC numerical control technology and equipment will also be listed as countries of strategic materials, not only to take significant steps to develop their own numerical control technology and industry, and in sophisticated numerical control technology and equipment in terms of key Chinas policy of closures and restrictions. In short, efforts to develop advanced numerical control technology as the core manufacturing technology has become the worlds developed countries to accelerate economic development, enhance the comprehensive national strength and an important way to statehood. CNC technology is the use of digital information on the mechanical movement and work process control, CNC equipment, CNC technology is represented by the new technology on the traditional manufacturing industries and the penetration of the formation of new manufacturing mechatronic products, the so-called digital equipment , covering many areas of the technology: (1) mechanical manufacturing technology; (2) information processing, processing and transmission technology; (3) automatic control technology; (4) servo drive technology; (5) sensor technology; (6) software technology. 1 CNC technology trends CNC technology not only to the traditional manufacturing industry has brought revolutionary changes to the manufacturing sector as a symbol of industrialization, and with the continuous development of numerical control technology and expansion of application fields, some of his national economy and major industries (IT, automotive , light industry, medical, etc.) plays an increasingly important role in the development, as these industries for the digital equipment is the major trend of modern development. CNC technology from the world development trend and its equipment, its main research focus in the following areas 1 to 4 . 1.1 high-speed, high precision technology and equipment of the new trend Efficiency, quality is the subject of advanced manufacturing technology. High-speed, high precision technology can greatly improve efficiency, improve product quality and grade, shorten the production cycle and improve market competitiveness. Japan carries the technology will be included as one of five great modern manufacturing technologies, International Institute of Production Engineering (CIRP) to determine the center of the 21st century research direction. In the car industry, with an annual production of 300,000 beat is 40 seconds / vehicle and car equipment variety processing is one of the key must be addressed; in the aviation and aerospace industry, and its processing for the thin-walled parts and more and thin muscle, stiffness is poor, the material is aluminum or aluminum alloy, high cutting speed and cutting force only in the case of a small can of these bars, wall processing. Recently, the whole aluminum alloy with large blank hollowed out approach to make wings, fuselage and other large part to replace multiple parts through a large number of rivets, screws and other assembly connection means, so that component strength, rigidity and dependability increased. These are made of processing equipment, high speed, high precision and high flexibility. Judging from the EMO2001 exhibition, high-speed machining center feed rate of up to 80m/min, or even higher, and air speed up to 100m/min so. Currently many of the world automobile plant, including Shanghai General Motors, have adopted high-speed machining center part of the production line of machine tool alternatives. CINCINNATI HyperMach U.S. companys largest machine tool feed speed up to 60m/min, quick to 100m/min, acceleration up to 2g, spindle speed has reached 60 000r/min. Aircraft parts machining a thin-walled, only 30min, and the same high-speed milling machine parts in general need to 3h, in the ordinary milling machine to be 8h; German DMGs dual-spindle lathe spindle speed and acceleration respectively 120000r/mm and 1g. In the processing accuracy, the past 10 years, the general level of precision CNC machine tools increased from 10m to 5m, precision machining center from the 3 5m, increased to 1 1.5m, and ultra-precision machining has begun to enter the nano-scale precision (0.01m). In terms of reliability, MTBF values foreign numerical control device has reached more than 6 000h, the servo system MTBF value reached more than 30000h, showing a very high reliability. In order to achieve high-speed, high precision, ancillary features such as spindle, linear motor has been the rapid development of application has been further expanded. 1.2 The five-axis machining and rapid development of machine tool 5-axis machining of three-dimensional surface, the best available tool for cutting geometry, not only finish high, but efficiency is greatly improved. Generally believed that 1 5-axis machine tool efficiency can be equal to 2 sets 3 axis machine tools, particularly the use of cubic boron nitride and other superhard materials, high-speed milling of hardened steel cutter part, the 5-axis machining 3-axis than play a more effective process. But in the past due to 5-axis CNC system, the host structure of complex reasons, the price than the 3-axis NC machine tool several times higher, in addition to programming more difficult, limiting the development of 5-axis machine tools. The current emergence of the spindle, making the realization of the complex 5-axis simultaneous machining spindle head structure simplified, the manufacturing difficulty and costs significantly reduced, narrowing the gap between the price of CNC system. So for the first type of complex 5-axis spindle machine tools and machine tool (including 5-face machining) development. In EMO2001 exhibition, New Japan Engineering Machine 5-face machining of composite spindle head, can achieve four vertical plane processing and the processing of any angle, making the 5-sided machining and 5 axis machining can be implemented on the same machine, but also can be achieved and the inverted cone inclined plane processing. German companies exhibit DMUVoution DMG machining center series, can be achieved in a 5-sided machining fixture and 5-axis machining, CNC system can be controlled or CAD / CAM controlled directly or indirectly. 1.3 intelligent, open, network development as the major contemporary trends in numerical control system 21 numerical control equipment will be sure the intelligent system, intelligent content included in all aspects of the numerical control system: the pursuit of processing efficiency and processing quality of intelligence, such as the adaptive control process, process parameters automatically generation; to improve the performance and easy to use intelligent connection, such as feedforward control, adaptive computing motor parameters, automatic identification of load select models, self-tuning, etc.; simplify programming, simplifying operational aspects of intelligence, such as smart of automatic programming, intelligent man-machine interfaces; also intelligent diagnosis, intelligent control aspects, to facilitate system diagnostics and maintenance. CNC system to address the closure of the traditional CNC applications and industrial production problems. Many countries now open CNC system of research, such as the United States NGC (The Next Generation Work-Station/Machine Control), the EC OSACA (Open System Architecture for Control within Automation Systems), Japan OSEC (Open System Environment for Controller), China, ONC (Open Numerical Control System) and so on. Open CNC system has become a numerical control system of the future of the road. The so-called open-CNC system is the development of numerical control system can be run in a unified platform for machine tool manufacturers and end users, by changing, adding or cutting out the structure object (NC function) to form a series, and easily the users special applications and technical know-how into the control system, rapid implementation of different varieties, different grades of open CNC system, the formation of a distinct brand personality. The open numerical control system architecture specification, communication specifications, configuration specifications, operating platform, function libraries and CNC numerical control system software development tools, system function is the core of the current study. Network numerical control equipment is well-known international machine tool fair the past two years, a new bright spot. NC network equipment will greatly satisfy the production lines, manufacturing systems, manufacturing information integration needs of enterprises, but also achieve new manufacturing model, such as agile manufacturing, virtual enterprises, global manufacturing the base unit. Some well-known at home and abroad, and CNC CNC machine tools manufacturing companies have introduced in recent years related to new concepts and prototype, as in EMO2001 exhibition, Japan Yamazaki Mazak (Mazak) that the company exhibits CyberProduction Center (intelligent production control center, referred to as CPC); Japan Okuma (Okuma) Machine Company exhibited IT plaza (Information Technology Square, referred to as IT Plaza); Germanys Siemens (Siemens) that the company exhibits Open Manufacturing Environment (open manufacturing environment, referred to as OME), etc. , reflecting the CNC machining direction of the network trend. 1.4 The emphasis on new technology standards, the establishment of norms 1.4.1 Specifications on the design and development of numerical control system As mentioned earlier, open CNC system has better versatility, flexibility, adaptability, scalability, the United States, the European Community and Japan have to implement the strategic development plan, and the open architecture CNC system specification (OMAC , OSACA, OSEC) research and development, the worlds three largest economies in the short term were almost the same as the scientific formulation of plans and specifications, indicating the numerical control technology to a new period of change to come. China also started in 2000, ONC CNC system in Chinas research and development of regulatory frameworks. 1.4.2 on the NC Standard NC standard is the development of manufacturing information of a trend. CNC technology 50 years after the birth of the exchange of information is based on ISO6983 standards, which adopts the G, M code describes how (how) processing, the essential characteristics of process-oriented, obviously, he can not meet modern CNC technology high-speed development. To this end, the international research and development is a new CNC system standard ISO14649 (STEP-NC), the aim is to provide a specific system does not rely on a neutral mechanism to describe the product life cycle of a unified data model in order to achieve the entire manufacturing process, various industrial fields as well as the standardization of product information. STEP-NC may be the emergence of a revolution in the field of numerical control technology, the development of numerical control technology for the manufacturing sector as a whole, will have far-reaching impact. First, STEP-NC manufacturing presents a new concept, the concept of traditional manufacturing, NC machining program are concentrated in a single computer. Under the new standard, NC programs can be distributed on the Internet, which is open numerical control technology and network development. Secondly, STEP-NC CNC system can also reduce processing drawings (about 75%), processing the time (about 35%) and processing time (about 50%). At present, Europe and the United States attaches great importance to the research STEP-NC, the European launch of the IMS STEP-NC program (1999.1.1 2001.12.31). To participate in this program are from Europe and Japan 20 CAD / CAM / CAPP / CNC users, vendors and academic institutions. U.S. STEP Tools is a global exchange of data within the software development industry, he has developed for the exchange of information of CNC machining super model (Super Model), whose goal is a unified specification describes all the process. Such new data exchange format has been equipped with SIEMENS, FIDIA and the European OSACA-NC NC system is verified on the prototype. 2 pairs of numerical control technology and industrial development of the basic estimate CNC technology in China started in 1958, nearly 50 years of development can be divided into three phases: the first from 1958 to 1979, that closed development stage. At this stage, due to blockade of foreign technology and our basic conditions, numerical control technology development is relatively slow. The second stage is in the states June, July and during the Eighth Five-Year Period, the introduction of technology, digestion and absorption, the initial set up phase of the localization system. At this stage, the reform and opening-up and national attention, and research and development to improve the environment and the international environment, Chinas numerical control technology research, development and localization of products have made great progress. The third stage is in the countrys Eighth, the latter and the Ninth Five-Year period, that the implementation of industry research, market competition stage. At this stage, Chinas domestic numerical control equipment industry has made substantial progress. In the Ninth Five, the end made CNC machine tools in the domestic market share of 50%, with domestic CNC system (popular) also reached 10%. Throughout the past 50 years of CNC technology development process, especially through four 5-year plan of research, on the whole achieved the following results. a. laid the foundation for the development of numerical control technology, the basic grasp of modern CNC technology. Our country is now basically understood from the NC system, servo drives, CNC host, plane and fittings based technology, which already has most of the technical basis for commercial development, part of the technology has been the commercialization and industrialization. b. formed a CNC industrial base. In the commercialization of research results and on the basis of some technology, such as the establishment of central NC, with a production capacity of aerospace CNC CNC system manufacturer. Lanzhou Electric Factory, NC Central and a number of servo systems and servo motor manufacturing plant and the Beijing First Machine Tool Plant, Jinan first machine tool factory hosts a number of CNC manufacturing facility. These plants basically formed the NC industry base in China. c. the establishment of a numerical research, development, management personnel of the basic team. Although the numerical control technology research and development and industrialization has made great progress, but we should also clearly understand that Chinas high-end research and development of numerical control technology, especially in the technology industrys situation and practical needs of China there is a large gap. Although the development of vertical fast in China, but the horizontal ratio (compared with foreign) not only the difference between the level of technology, the pace of development in some areas there are gaps, that some sophisticated CNC equipment, widening the gap between technical level. From an international point of view, on the level of numerical control technology and industrialization level is estimated as follows. a. the technical level, with foreign advanced level of about 10 to 15 years behind in technology is more sophisticated. b. industry level, market share is low, species coverage is small, there is no scale production; specialized features of lower production levels and complete; appearance quality is relatively poor; reliability is not high, lack of commercialization; CNC system made its own brand has not been established, the users lack of confidence. c. the ability of sustainable development, to pre-competitive research and development of numerical control technology, engineering weak; efforts to expand the field of numerical control technology is not strong; relevant standards research, development lags behind. The gap of the main reasons there are the following. a. awareness. NC Industrial process of domestic difficulty, complexity and characteristics of long-term lack of knowledge; on the market are not standardized, plus kill the blockade of foreign, institutional and other difficult to underestimate; on the level of application of CNC technology and capacity analysis is not enough. b. system aspects. From a technical point of concern when the issue of CNC multi-industry, from the systematic perspective of industry chain issues into account when the CNC industry less; not established a complete matching system of high-quality, comprehensive training, services, network support system . c. mechanisms. Bad causes the brain drain, but also restricts the line of technology and technology innovation, product innovation, and effective implementation of the planning constraints, are often the ideal planning, implementation difficulties. d. technology. Enterprises in technology innovation is not strong, the core technology, engineering capability is not strong. Standard machine behind the low level of numerical control system the new standard is not enough. 3 pairs of numerical control technology and industrial development of the strategic thinking 3.1 Strategic considerations China is a manufacturing country in the world should try to accept the transfer of industries in the front instead of back-end of the transfer, that is, to master the core technology of advanced manufacturing, or in the new round of international industrial structure adjustment, Chinas manufacturing industry will be further empty core. Our resources, the environment, the market price, the exchange may be just get the new world economic pattern in the international processing center and assembly center and not grasp the core technology of the manufacturing center, this will seriously affect our development of modern manufacturing processes. We should stand on national security strategy of the height of great importance to numerical control technology and industrial issues, starting with the social security perspective, because manufacturing is the largest sector of employment, manufacturing industry can not only improve peoples living standards, but also ease of the pressure of employment, to ensure social stability; followed from the national security, the western countri