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1、主謂關(guān)系中人稱(chēng)和數(shù)量不一致性漢語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不受主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)和數(shù)量的影響，但英語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要和主語(yǔ)保持一致，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要隨著主語(yǔ)變化而變化。而學(xué)生受漢語(yǔ)思維的影響，往往沒(méi)有習(xí)慣去考慮主語(yǔ)是第幾人稱(chēng)，是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。錯(cuò)誤例子：a. A number of students is going to learn a foreign language.b. He go to school by bike every day.正確例子：a. A number of students are going to learn a foreign language.b. He goes to school by bike
2、 every day.分析：a句中a number of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。b中 He是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞go應(yīng)該加es。時(shí)態(tài)初中學(xué)生在寫(xiě)作中經(jīng)常在時(shí)態(tài)方面犯錯(cuò)誤。英語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)種類(lèi)繁多，動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成形式隨著時(shí)態(tài)的變化而變化。中文里沒(méi)有時(shí)態(tài)區(qū)分。動(dòng)作或動(dòng)詞的時(shí)間由跟在動(dòng)詞后的諸如 “著”、“了”、“過(guò)”等副詞來(lái)表示，對(duì)初中生來(lái)說(shuō)，掌握英語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)不是很容易。錯(cuò)誤例子：a. A baby can cry as soon as it was born.b. I will not come here if it will rain tomorrow.正確例子：a.
3、A baby can cry as soon as it is born.b. I will not come here if it rains tomorrow.分析：a句是一個(gè)常識(shí)問(wèn)題，應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。b句主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí)，從句是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。語(yǔ)態(tài)錯(cuò)誤動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)式在英語(yǔ)中比比皆是，學(xué)生由于漢語(yǔ)思維的影響，很少考慮到用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。雖然中文里也有被動(dòng)式的含義，但與英語(yǔ)里被動(dòng)式表達(dá)方式完全不同。英語(yǔ)里的被動(dòng)式要求有助動(dòng)詞be和一個(gè)變異的過(guò)去分詞形式，其中這個(gè)助動(dòng)詞帶有時(shí)態(tài)和人稱(chēng)數(shù)量信息，中文里需要使用諸如“被”、“使”、“讓”等詞語(yǔ)，不需要有不規(guī)則的動(dòng)詞形式。這對(duì)中國(guó)的學(xué)習(xí)者來(lái)說(shuō)就有潛在的困難
4、。錯(cuò)誤例子：a. New bicycles must keep inside.b. The book has to return at the end of the week.c. The food has cooked.d. Knife should take away from babies.正確例子：a. New bicycles must be kept inside.b. The book has to be returned at the end of the week.c. The food has been cooked.d. Knives should be taken aw
5、ay from babies.分析：以上句子的問(wèn)題在于沒(méi)有正確運(yùn)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。固定搭配錯(cuò)誤多出現(xiàn)在介詞短語(yǔ)的搭配和固定詞組的搭配上，其中，特殊動(dòng)詞的搭配和用法錯(cuò)誤最為常見(jiàn)。錯(cuò)誤例子：a. He suggested to go there on his bike.b. My teacher explained me the text very carefully.c. My mother made me to choose the one I liked best.正確例子：a. He suggested going there on his bike.b. My teacher explaine
6、d the text to me very carefully.c. My mother made me choose the one I liked best.分析：中國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)者的英語(yǔ)應(yīng)用很大程度上受到其母語(yǔ)的影響，經(jīng)常直接翻譯，沒(méi)有牢牢記住動(dòng)詞的特殊用法和固定搭配。比如：suggest doing sth.;explain sth. to sb.;make sb do sth.非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞學(xué)生常常對(duì)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的概念不清楚，對(duì)不定式、分詞、動(dòng)名詞的用法不明白，對(duì)句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析不正確，常把非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞誤用作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。錯(cuò)誤例子：a. In the museum there are a lot of in
7、teresting things look at.b. I am looking forward to see you.正確例子：a. In the museum there are a lot of interesting things to look at.b. I am looking forward to seeing you.分析：a句中已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞來(lái)修飾things，此句缺的是后置定語(yǔ)。b句look forward to是一個(gè)固定短語(yǔ)，look forward to doing sth.冠詞的使用冠詞考查分兩個(gè)方面，一是冠詞的殘缺或多余，考生要注意關(guān)于含有冠詞（不含冠詞）的用法以及
8、加冠詞與不加冠詞的區(qū)別，如：in charge of與in the charge of, out of question與out of the question的區(qū)別。二是冠詞the, a, an（不定冠詞和定冠詞）之間的相互誤用。英漢名詞確有許多共同點(diǎn)，但是也有不少不同點(diǎn)。英語(yǔ)名詞有可數(shù)與不可數(shù)之分，漢語(yǔ)里沒(méi)有，且一般情況下，名詞都可受到數(shù)量詞的限制。因此，英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作中，一旦涉及到advice, news, progress, weather, information等少數(shù)常用不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，學(xué)生往往會(huì)犯錯(cuò)誤。不過(guò)，在使用英語(yǔ)不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，又會(huì)出現(xiàn)兩種情況，一種是絕不可以用a/an或數(shù)詞來(lái)直接修
9、飾，如上述提及的幾個(gè)名詞;另一種情況是，少數(shù)不可數(shù)名詞在被形容詞修飾后，可用a/an等來(lái)修飾。如time（時(shí)間），rain（雨）。所以我們可以說(shuō)：We had a wonderful time yesterday.錯(cuò)誤例子：a. The air is the most important thing for our existence.b. The driver brought the car to stop. In this way, he avoided an accident.c. When sun was setting, he still did not catch any fish
10、.正確例子：a. Air is the most important thing for our existence.b. The driver brought the car to a stop. In this way, he avoided an accident.c. When the sun was setting, he still did not catch any fish.分析：a句中air是不可數(shù)名詞，不需要the，b句中stop在此處的意思是站臺(tái)，表示某一個(gè)站臺(tái)，需要有a來(lái)修飾，c句中太陽(yáng)是專(zhuān)有名詞，需要有the來(lái)修飾。代詞的使用代詞主要有人稱(chēng)代詞、物主代詞、關(guān)系代詞、反
11、身代詞、疑問(wèn)代詞、復(fù)合疑問(wèn)代詞、指示代詞。要注意代詞的各人稱(chēng)之間和單復(fù)數(shù)之間的誤用，關(guān)系代詞 which, that, as之間的誤用，關(guān)系代詞that與疑問(wèn)代詞what之間的誤用，以及what與how的誤用等。錯(cuò)誤例子：a. We do not like he.b. The population of China is larger than those of Japan.c. His book is different from me.正確例子：a. We do not like him.b. The population of China is larger than that of J
12、apan.c. His book is different from mine.分析：只要區(qū)分好這些代詞之間的區(qū)別和意思，其實(shí)這些錯(cuò)誤很容易被避免。連詞的使用連詞主要有兩類(lèi)，即并列連詞和從屬連詞，考查點(diǎn)主要是并列連詞（分遞進(jìn)式、轉(zhuǎn)折式、選擇式和因果式四種）之間的誤用（主要是but與so/and之間的誤用），從屬連詞之間的誤用以及并列連詞與從屬連詞之間的誤用等。錯(cuò)誤例子：a. He had little to eat and a large house to live in.b. He had no sooner arrived when he fell ill.c. If you go thi
13、s way, and you will soon see the hospital.正確例子：a. He had little to eat but a large house to live in.b. He had no sooner arrived than he fell ill.c. If you go this way，you will soon see the hospital.分析：a句中根據(jù)句意可以知道應(yīng)該表示轉(zhuǎn)折。b中no sooner than是固定搭配。c句中，已經(jīng)有了if引導(dǎo)這個(gè)句子，就不再需要and。名詞的使用名詞主要考查單數(shù)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)名詞，這主要是受東西方文化差異
14、的影響，英語(yǔ)中除了不可數(shù)名詞和單數(shù)名詞用單數(shù)外，可數(shù)名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。另外還有一些特殊形式。錯(cuò)誤例子：a. What a beautiful weather we are having today!b. Please give my best regard to your parents.正確例子：a. What beautiful weather we are having today!b. Please give my best regards to your parents.分析：a句中weather是不可數(shù)名詞，不需要a。b中regard是可數(shù)的，所以要加上s。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的使用這類(lèi)錯(cuò)誤有以下幾種情況： 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后的動(dòng)詞使用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)； 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后的動(dòng)詞加“s” 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后的動(dòng)詞加“ing” ”will”后面的“be”動(dòng)詞用“am、“is”或“are ”； 助動(dòng)詞“do”后面的動(dòng)詞用動(dòng)詞過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)； 助動(dòng)詞“do”后面的動(dòng)詞第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)加“s； 助動(dòng)詞“do”后面的動(dòng)詞加“ing”等。例如：a. I could did my homework.b. He may goes to school by bike every day.正確例子：a. I could do my homework.b. He may go to school by bike every day.
小學(xué)英語(yǔ)作文十種語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤
