NGW行星減速器的設(shè)計(jì)

NGW行星減速器的設(shè)計(jì),NGW行星減速器的設(shè)計(jì),ngw,行星減速器,設(shè)計(jì) NGW行星減速器的設(shè)計(jì)摘 要本文完成了對(duì)一級(jí)行星齒輪減速器的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)。該減速器具有較小的傳動(dòng)比，而且，它具有結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊、傳動(dòng)效率高、外廓尺寸小和重量輕、承載能力大、運(yùn)動(dòng)平穩(wěn)、抗沖擊和震動(dòng)的能力較強(qiáng)、噪聲低的特點(diǎn)，適用于化工、輕工業(yè)以及機(jī)器人等領(lǐng)域。這些功用對(duì)于現(xiàn)代機(jī)械傳動(dòng)的發(fā)展有著較重要的意義。行星齒輪傳動(dòng)在我國(guó)已有了許多年的發(fā)展史，很早就有了應(yīng)用。然而，自20世紀(jì)60年代以來(lái)，我國(guó)才開始對(duì)行星齒輪傳動(dòng)進(jìn)行了較深入、系統(tǒng)的研究和試制工作。無(wú)論是在設(shè)計(jì)理論方面，還是在試制和應(yīng)用實(shí)踐方面，均取得了較大的成就,并獲得了許多的研究成果。近20多年來(lái)，尤其是我國(guó)改革開放以來(lái)，隨著我國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)水平的進(jìn)步和發(fā)展，我國(guó)已從世界上許多工業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家引進(jìn)了大量先進(jìn)的機(jī)械設(shè)備和技術(shù)，經(jīng)過(guò)我國(guó)機(jī)械科技人員不斷積極的吸收和消化，與時(shí)俱進(jìn)，開拓創(chuàng)新地努力奮進(jìn)，使我國(guó)的行星傳動(dòng)技術(shù)有了迅速的發(fā)展。齒輪傳動(dòng)原理就是在一對(duì)互相嚙合的齒輪中，有一個(gè)齒輪作為主動(dòng)輪，動(dòng)力從它那里輸入，另一個(gè)齒輪作為從動(dòng)輪，動(dòng)力從它輸出。也有的齒輪僅作為中轉(zhuǎn)站，一邊與主動(dòng)輪嚙合，另一邊與從動(dòng)輪嚙合，動(dòng)力從它那里通過(guò)，這種齒輪叫惰輪。在包含行星齒輪的齒輪系統(tǒng)中，情形就不同了。由于存在行星架，也就是說(shuō)，可以有三條轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)軸允許動(dòng)力輸入/輸出，還可以用離合器或制動(dòng)器之類的手段，在需要的時(shí)候限制其中一條軸的轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)，剩下兩條軸進(jìn)行傳動(dòng)，這樣一來(lái)，互相嚙合的齒輪之間的關(guān)系就可以有多種組合。確定選用2Z-X(A)型的行星傳動(dòng)較為合理。我們簡(jiǎn)要介紹了課題的背景以及齒輪減速器的研究現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展趨勢(shì)，然后比較了各種傳動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，從而確定了傳動(dòng)的基本類型。論文主體部分是對(duì)傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)主要構(gòu)件包括太陽(yáng)輪、行星輪、內(nèi)齒圈及行星架的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算，通過(guò)所給的輸入功率、傳動(dòng)比、輸入轉(zhuǎn)速以及工況系數(shù)確定齒輪減速器的大致結(jié)構(gòu)之后，對(duì)其進(jìn)行了整體結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算和主要零部件的強(qiáng)度校核計(jì)算。其中該減速器的設(shè)計(jì)與其他減速器的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)相比有三大特點(diǎn)：其一，為了使三個(gè)行星輪的載荷均勻分配，采用了齒式浮動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu)，即太陽(yáng)輪與高速軸通過(guò)齒式聯(lián)軸器將二者連接在一起，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)了太陽(yáng)輪的浮動(dòng)；其二，該減速器的箱體采用的是法蘭式箱體，上下箱體分別鑄造而成；其三，內(nèi)齒圈與箱體采用分離式，通過(guò)螺栓和圓錐銷將其與上下箱體固定在一起。最后對(duì)整個(gè)設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程進(jìn)行了總結(jié)，基本上完成了對(duì)該減速器的整體結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)。關(guān)鍵詞： 行星齒輪; 傳動(dòng)機(jī)構(gòu); 結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì); 校核計(jì)算 AbstractThis completed a single-stage planetary gear reducer design. The gear has a smaller transmission ratio,and it has a compact，high transmission efficiency outline,small size and light weight,carrying capacity,smooth motion,shock and vibration resistant and low noise characteristics,Used in chemical,light industry and robotics fields.The function of the development of modern mechanical transmission has a more important significance.Planetary gear transmission has many years of development in our country, and it has been used in many years. However,since 1960s,our country began to carry on the more thorough and systematic research and trial manufacture of planetary gear transmission.Both in the design theory or in the trial production and application practice,have made great achievements,and obtained a lot of research results.In the past 20 years especially since the reform and opening-up of our country,with the progress and development of the scientific and technological level of the country, China has from many of the worlds industrial developed countries introduced a large number of advanced machinery and equipment and technology,after our country mechanical science and technology personnel constantly active absorption and elimination, advancing with the times. pioneering and innovative efforts to forge ahead, planetary transmission technology of our country has developed rapidly.The principle of gear transmission is in a pair of meshing gears, a gear as the driving gear,power is inputted from there it, another gear as the wheel,the power output from it.Also some gears only as transfer station, and one side of the driving gear, the other side and from the meshing of wheel,power from where it through, the gear called idler.In gear system includes a planetary gear, the situation is different. Due to the presence of planet carrier.That is to say,can have three rotating shafts allow dynamic input / output,by means of the clutch or brake and the like,need time which limits an axis of rotation, the remaining two axes drive,as a result,between the gear meshing relationship to each other can have a variety of combinations.To determine the choice of 2Z-X (A) type of planetary transmission is more reasonable.First paper introduces the background and the subject of gear reducer situation and development trend,and then compared various transmission structures,which determine the basic type of transmission.Thesis is the main part of the main components of drive mechanism including the sun wheel，planet gear,ring gear and planet carrier in the design calculation，given by the input power，gear ratio,input speed and the condition factor to determine the approximate structure after the gear reducer And to carry out the design and calculation of the overall structure and main components of the strength check calculation.One of the other gear reducer design and compared the structural design of the three major characteristics: First,the three planetary gear to make the load evenly,using a gear-type floating body,the sun gear and high-speed shaft through the gear together Coupling the two together to achieve a floating sun gear;Second,the box uses a reducer flange box,upper and lower box were cast;Third，the ring gear and Box with separate,through bolts and tapered pins will be fixed together with the upper and lower box. Finally,a summary of the entire design process is basically complete the overall design of the reducer.Key words: planetary gear;driving machanism; structural design; checking calculation 目錄 前言1第一章 傳動(dòng)方案的確定1 1.1 設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)1 1.2行星機(jī)構(gòu)的類型選擇 1 1.3 確定行星齒輪傳動(dòng)類型 3第二章 齒輪的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算 5 2.1 配齒計(jì)算 5 2.1.1 確定各齒輪的齒數(shù) 5 2.1.2 初算中心距和模數(shù) 6 2.2 幾何尺寸計(jì)算 7 2.3 裝配條件驗(yàn)算10 2.3.1 鄰接條件10 2.3.2 同心條件10 2.3.2 安裝條件10 2.4 齒輪強(qiáng)度校核12 2.4.1 a-c傳動(dòng)強(qiáng)度校核12 2.4.1 c-b傳動(dòng)強(qiáng)度校核16第三章 軸的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算21 3.1 行星軸設(shè)計(jì)21 3.2 轉(zhuǎn)軸的設(shè)計(jì)23 3.2.1 輸入軸設(shè)計(jì)23 3.2.2 輸出軸設(shè)計(jì)24結(jié)論27謝 辭28參考文獻(xiàn)29 緒論本課題通過(guò)對(duì)行星齒輪減速器的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)，初步計(jì)算出各零件的設(shè)計(jì)尺寸和裝配尺寸，并對(duì)涉及結(jié)果進(jìn)行參數(shù)化分析，為行星齒輪減速器產(chǎn)品的開發(fā)和性能評(píng)價(jià)實(shí)現(xiàn)行星齒輪減速器規(guī)?；a(chǎn)提供了參考和理論依據(jù)。通過(guò)本設(shè)計(jì)，要能弄懂該減速器的傳動(dòng)原理，達(dá)到對(duì)所學(xué)知識(shí)的復(fù)習(xí)與鞏固，從而在以后的工作中能解決類似的問題。行星齒輪傳動(dòng)的效率作為評(píng)價(jià)器傳動(dòng)性能優(yōu)劣的重要指標(biāo)之一，國(guó)內(nèi)外有許多學(xué)者對(duì)此進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的研究。如今，計(jì)算行星齒輪傳動(dòng)效率的方法很多，國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者提出了許多有關(guān)行星齒輪傳動(dòng)效率的計(jì)算方法，在機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算中，較常用的計(jì)算方有3種：嚙合功率法、力偏移法、和傳動(dòng)比法（克萊依涅斯法），其中以嚙合功率法的用途最為廣泛，此方法用來(lái)計(jì)算普通的2K2H和3K型行星齒輪的效率十分方便。行星齒輪傳動(dòng)具備結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊、體積小、質(zhì)量小、承載大的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。這些都是因?yàn)樵谄浣Y(jié)構(gòu)上應(yīng)用了多個(gè)行星輪的傳動(dòng)方式，充分運(yùn)用了軸齒輪之間的空間，使用了多個(gè)行星輪分擔(dān)載荷，形成功率流，并且合理的采用內(nèi)嚙合傳動(dòng)，使其具備了上述的很多優(yōu)點(diǎn)。但是，這僅僅是最理想的情況，而在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中，由于加工誤差和裝配誤差的存在，使得在機(jī)械傳動(dòng)過(guò)程中各行星輪上的載荷分配不均勻，造成載荷集中在一個(gè)行星輪上的現(xiàn)象發(fā)生，這樣一來(lái)，行星齒輪的優(yōu)越性就得不到應(yīng)有的發(fā)揮，甚至不如普通的外傳動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。所以，為了更好的發(fā)揮行星齒輪的優(yōu)越性，均載的問題就成了一個(gè)十分重要的課題。在結(jié)構(gòu)部分，開始人們只努力地提升齒輪加工的精度，使得行星齒輪的裝配和制造變得尤為困難。后來(lái)通過(guò)采取了對(duì)行星齒輪基本構(gòu)件徑向不加限制的措施和其它可以自動(dòng)調(diào)位的方法，就是采用各種機(jī)械式地均載機(jī)構(gòu)，以達(dá)到各行星輪間載荷分布均勻的目的。其中典型的幾種均載機(jī)構(gòu)有基本構(gòu)件浮動(dòng)的均載機(jī)構(gòu)、杠桿聯(lián)動(dòng)均載機(jī)構(gòu)和采用彈性件的均載機(jī)構(gòu)。CNC機(jī)床工藝技術(shù)的發(fā)展，帶動(dòng)了了機(jī)械傳動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的發(fā)展。在傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)中的PLC、液壓傳動(dòng)系統(tǒng)，齒輪、帶輪、帶鏈的混合傳動(dòng)，將成為變速箱設(shè)計(jì)中優(yōu)化傳動(dòng)組合的方向。在傳動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì)中的學(xué)術(shù)交流，將成為新型傳動(dòng)產(chǎn)品發(fā)展的趨勢(shì)。隨著我們國(guó)家航空、航天、電子、機(jī)械、能源及核工業(yè)方面的快速發(fā)展和工業(yè)機(jī)器人等一系列產(chǎn)品在各工業(yè)部門的應(yīng)用，我國(guó)在諧波傳動(dòng)技術(shù)應(yīng)用方面已取得很好的成績(jī)。同時(shí)，隨著我國(guó)高新技術(shù)及信息產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展，對(duì)諧波傳動(dòng)技術(shù)產(chǎn)品的需求會(huì)更加突出。減速器和齒輪的設(shè)計(jì)與制造技術(shù)的發(fā)展，在一定程度上標(biāo)志著一個(gè)國(guó)家的工業(yè)水平，所以，開拓和發(fā)展齒輪技術(shù)和減速器在我國(guó)有廣闊的前景。論文的基本內(nèi)容：（1）選擇傳動(dòng)方案。傳動(dòng)方案的確定包括傳動(dòng)比的確定和傳動(dòng)類型的確定。（2）設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算及校核。傳動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算，都大致包括：選擇傳動(dòng)方案、傳動(dòng)零件齒輪的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算與校核、軸的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算與校核、軸承的選型與壽命計(jì)算、鍵的選擇與強(qiáng)度計(jì)算、箱體的設(shè)計(jì)、潤(rùn)滑與密封的選擇等。在對(duì)行星齒輪減速器的結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行深入分析的基礎(chǔ)上，依據(jù)給定的減速器設(shè)計(jì)的主要參數(shù)，通過(guò)CAD繪圖軟件建立行星齒輪減速器各零件的二維平面圖，繪制出減速器的總裝圖對(duì)其進(jìn)行分析。 沈陽(yáng)化工大學(xué)科亞學(xué)院學(xué)士學(xué)位論文 第一章傳動(dòng)方向的確定第一章 傳動(dòng)方案的確定1.1 設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)行星齒輪傳動(dòng)減速器。原始條件和數(shù)據(jù)：傳動(dòng)比i=11，功率p=5.5kw，輸入轉(zhuǎn)速N=1500 rpm，中等沖擊。使用壽命8年，每天工作16小時(shí)。且要求該齒輪傳動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊、外廓尺寸較小。1.2行星機(jī)構(gòu)的類型選擇表1-1列出了常用行星齒輪傳動(dòng)的型式及特點(diǎn)： 表1-1 常用行星齒輪傳動(dòng)的傳動(dòng)類型及其特點(diǎn)傳動(dòng)形式簡(jiǎn)圖性能參數(shù)特點(diǎn)傳動(dòng)比效率最大功率/kWNGW2Z-X(A) 負(fù)號(hào)機(jī)構(gòu)）=1.1313.7推薦2.890.970.99不限效率高，體積小，重量輕，結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，制造方便，傳遞公路范圍大，軸向尺寸小，可用于各個(gè)工作條件，在機(jī)械傳動(dòng)中應(yīng)用最廣。單級(jí)傳動(dòng)比范圍較小，耳機(jī)和三級(jí)傳動(dòng)均廣泛應(yīng)用NW（2Z-X負(fù)號(hào)機(jī)構(gòu)）=150推薦721效率高，徑向尺寸比NGW型小，傳動(dòng)比范圍較NGW型大，可用于各種工作條件。但雙聯(lián)行星齒輪制造、安裝較復(fù)雜，故|7時(shí)不宜采用NN（2Z-X負(fù)號(hào)機(jī)構(gòu)）推薦值：=830效率較低，一般為0.70.840傳動(dòng)比打，效率較低，適用于短期工作傳動(dòng)。當(dāng)行星架X從動(dòng)時(shí)，傳動(dòng)比|大于某一值后，機(jī)構(gòu)將發(fā)生自鎖WW（2Z-X負(fù)號(hào)機(jī)構(gòu)）=1.2數(shù)千|=1.25時(shí)，效率可達(dá)0.90.7，5以后.隨|增加徒降20傳動(dòng)比范圍大，但外形尺寸及重量較大，效率很低，制造困難，一般不用與動(dòng)力傳動(dòng)。運(yùn)動(dòng)精度低也不用于分度機(jī)構(gòu)。當(dāng)行星架X從動(dòng)時(shí)，|從某一數(shù)值起會(huì)發(fā)生自鎖。常用作差速器；其傳動(dòng)比取值為=1.83，最佳值為2，此時(shí)效率可達(dá)0.9NGW（）型（3Z）小功率傳動(dòng)500；推薦：=201000.80.9隨增加而下降短期工作120，長(zhǎng)期工作10結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊，體積小，傳動(dòng)比范圍大，但效率低于NGW型，工藝性差，適用于中小功率功率或短期工作。若中心輪A輸出，當(dāng)|大于某一數(shù)值時(shí)會(huì)發(fā)生自鎖NGWN（）型（3Z）=60500推薦：=643000.70.84隨增加而下降短期工作120，長(zhǎng)期工作10結(jié)構(gòu)更緊湊，制造，安裝比上列型傳動(dòng)方便。由于采用單齒圈行星輪，需角度變?yōu)椴拍軡M足同心條件。效率較低，宜用于短期工作。傳動(dòng)自鎖情況同上1.3 確定行星齒輪傳動(dòng)類型根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)要求：連續(xù)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)、傳動(dòng)比小、結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊和外廓尺寸較小。根據(jù)表1-1中傳動(dòng)類型的工作特點(diǎn)可知，2Z-X(A)型效率高，體積小，機(jī)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，制造方便。適用于任何工況下的大小功率的傳動(dòng)，且廣泛地應(yīng)用于動(dòng)力及輔助傳動(dòng)中，工作制度不限。本設(shè)計(jì)選用2Z-X(A)型行星傳動(dòng)較合理，其傳動(dòng)簡(jiǎn)圖如圖1-1所示。其中a為中心輪，b和c為內(nèi)齒輪，x為轉(zhuǎn)臂。圖1-1 減速器設(shè)計(jì)方案（單級(jí)NGW2Z-X(A)型行星齒輪傳動(dòng)）擬定的設(shè)計(jì)方案如下圖：圖2-2 減速器整體裝配圖29 沈陽(yáng)化工大學(xué)科亞學(xué)院學(xué)士學(xué)位論文 第二章齒輪的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算第二章 齒輪的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算2.1 配齒計(jì)算 2.1.1 確定各齒輪的齒數(shù)據(jù)2Z-X(A)型行星傳動(dòng)的傳動(dòng)比值和按其配齒計(jì)算（見參考文獻(xiàn)1）公式（2-1）-公式（2-）可求得內(nèi)齒輪b和行星輪c的齒數(shù)和?，F(xiàn)考慮到行星齒輪傳動(dòng)的外廓尺寸較小，故選擇中心輪a的齒數(shù)=17和行星輪=3。根據(jù)內(nèi)齒輪 對(duì)內(nèi)齒輪齒數(shù)進(jìn)行圓整，同時(shí)考慮到安裝條件，取，此時(shí)實(shí)際的p值與給定的p值稍有變化，但是必須控制在其傳動(dòng)比誤差的范圍內(nèi)。實(shí)際傳動(dòng)比為 其傳動(dòng)比誤差 由于外嚙合采用角度變位的傳動(dòng)，行星輪c的齒數(shù)應(yīng)按如下公式計(jì)算，即 =在考慮到安裝條件為 （整數(shù)）2.1.2 初算中心距和模數(shù)1. 齒輪材料、熱處理工藝及制造工藝的選定太陽(yáng)輪和行星輪材料為20GrMnTi，表面滲碳淬火處理，表面硬度為57 61HRC。試驗(yàn)齒輪齒面接觸疲勞極限=1591Mpa。試驗(yàn)齒輪齒根彎曲疲勞極限太陽(yáng)輪=485Mpa。行星輪=4850.7Mpa=339.5Mpa (對(duì)稱載荷)。齒形為漸開線直齒。最終加工為磨齒，精度為6級(jí)。內(nèi)齒圈材料為38GrMoAlA，淡化處理，表面硬度為973HV。試驗(yàn)齒輪的接觸疲勞極限=1282Mpa驗(yàn)齒輪的彎曲疲勞極限=370MPa齒形的終加工為插齒，精度為7級(jí)。2. 減速器的名義輸出轉(zhuǎn)速由 得 = 3. 載荷不均衡系數(shù)采用太陽(yáng)輪浮動(dòng)的均載機(jī)構(gòu)，取。4. 齒輪模數(shù)和中心距a首先計(jì)算太陽(yáng)輪分度圓直徑： 式中： 齒數(shù)比為使用系數(shù)為1.25；算式系數(shù)為768；綜合系數(shù)為2；太陽(yáng)輪單個(gè)齒傳遞的轉(zhuǎn)矩。 其中 高速級(jí)行星齒輪傳動(dòng)效率，取=0.985齒寬系數(shù)暫取=0.5=1450Mpa代入 =24.6模數(shù) 取 m=1.5則 =35.25取 齒寬 取 2.2 幾何尺寸計(jì)算1. 計(jì)算變位系數(shù)(1) a-c傳動(dòng)嚙合角因 所以 變位系數(shù)和 =（17+30） =1.141 圖2-1 選擇變位系數(shù)線圖中心距變動(dòng)系數(shù)y 齒頂降低系數(shù) 分配邊位系數(shù)：分配邊位系數(shù)：根據(jù)線圖法，通過(guò)查找線圖2-1得到邊位系數(shù) 則 (2) c-b傳動(dòng)由于內(nèi)嚙合的兩個(gè)齒輪采用的是高度變位齒輪，所以有從而 且 2. 幾何尺寸計(jì)算結(jié)果對(duì)于單級(jí)的2Z-X(A)型的行星齒輪傳動(dòng)按公式進(jìn)行幾何尺寸的計(jì)算，各齒輪副的計(jì)算結(jié)果如下表：表3-1各齒輪副的幾何尺寸的計(jì)算結(jié)果項(xiàng)目 計(jì)算公式a-c齒輪副b-c齒輪副分度圓直徑基圓直徑齒頂圓直徑外嚙合內(nèi)嚙合齒根圓直徑外嚙合內(nèi)嚙合注：齒頂高系數(shù)：太陽(yáng)輪、行星輪，內(nèi)齒輪；頂隙系數(shù)：內(nèi)齒輪2.3 裝配條件驗(yàn)算對(duì)于所設(shè)計(jì)的單級(jí)2Z-X(A)型的行星齒輪傳動(dòng)應(yīng)滿足如下裝配條件2.3.1 鄰接條件按公式驗(yàn)算其鄰接條件，即 已知行星輪c的齒頂圓的直徑=164.513，和代入上式，則得164.513滿足鄰接條件2.3.2 同心條件按公式對(duì)于角變位有已知 ， 代入上式得 滿足同心條件2.3.2 安裝條件按公式驗(yàn)證其安裝條件，即得 將 代入該式驗(yàn)證得 滿足安裝條件嚙合要素的驗(yàn)算1. a-c傳動(dòng)端面重合度（1）頂圓齒形曲率半徑 太陽(yáng)輪=29.31行星輪=42.416（2）端面嚙合長(zhǎng)度式中“”號(hào)正號(hào)為外嚙合，負(fù)號(hào)為內(nèi)嚙合；端面節(jié)圓嚙合角。直齒輪=則（3）端面重合度=1.2652. 端面重合度（1）頂圓齒形曲率半徑 行星輪由上面計(jì)算得，=42.416內(nèi)齒輪 =61.597（2）端面嚙合長(zhǎng)度 =24.05（3）端面重合度 = =1.632.4 齒輪強(qiáng)度校核2.4.1 a-c傳動(dòng)強(qiáng)度校核本節(jié)僅列出相嚙合的小齒輪(太陽(yáng)輪)的強(qiáng)度計(jì)算過(guò)程，大齒輪(行星輪)的計(jì)算方法相同，從略。1確定計(jì)算載荷名義轉(zhuǎn)矩 =376.89 Nm名義圓周力=N=8868N2應(yīng)力循環(huán)次數(shù)=60=次=次=181.82= =818.18 式中 太陽(yáng)輪相對(duì)于行星架的轉(zhuǎn)速() 壽命期內(nèi)要求傳動(dòng)的總運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)間(h) t=10a=70400h3. 確定強(qiáng)度計(jì)算中的各種系數(shù)1)使用系數(shù)K取K=1. 252)動(dòng)負(fù)荷系數(shù)K因z=1750和=143.03 1200MPa查得Z=1.03)速度系數(shù)Z因=3.64和=1591 MPa查得Z=0.9754)粗糙度系數(shù)Z因 1200 MPa和齒面R=1.66=9.6查得Z=1.0265)工作硬化系數(shù)因大小齒輪均為硬齒面，且齒面R=9.66，由圖5-17取=1.06)尺寸系數(shù) 查得Z=1.010許用接觸應(yīng)力= =15911.01.00.9751.0261.01.0=1592MPa11接觸強(qiáng)度安全系數(shù)SS=1.98512確定計(jì)算許用彎曲應(yīng)力時(shí)的各種系數(shù)l)試驗(yàn)齒輪的應(yīng)力修正系數(shù)= 2.02)壽命系數(shù)因N=，查得=0.833)相對(duì)齒根圓角敏感系數(shù)由=1.796，查得= 1.04)齒根表面狀況系數(shù)= 0.925(齒根R=6.36= 37. 8)5)尺寸系數(shù) 可按下式計(jì)算 =0.01m=1.013許用彎曲應(yīng)力 = =4852.00.831.00.9251.0MPa =745 MPa14彎曲強(qiáng)度安全系數(shù)SS=5.21 2.4.1 c-b傳動(dòng)強(qiáng)度校核本節(jié)僅列出相嚙合的大齒輪(內(nèi)齒輪)的強(qiáng)度計(jì)算過(guò)程，小齒輪(行星輪)的計(jì)算方法相同，從略。齒輪強(qiáng)度驗(yàn)算按第5章中的有關(guān)公式和圖表進(jìn)行。1名義切向力 =8868N2應(yīng)力循環(huán)次數(shù)NN=60 =60次=2.310次 式中 n太陽(yáng)輪相對(duì)于行星架的轉(zhuǎn)速()= n-n=181.82 3確定強(qiáng)度計(jì)算中的各種系數(shù)1)使用系數(shù)K 取K=1. 252)動(dòng)負(fù)荷系數(shù)K根據(jù) =3.76 查得（7級(jí)精度)：K=1. 0683)齒向載荷分布系數(shù)K，K由式(5-1)和(5-2) K= 1+(K-1 )KK K=1+(K-1)KK 式中 K 計(jì)算接觸強(qiáng)度時(shí)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)初期(未經(jīng)跑合)的齒向載荷分布系數(shù)，查得 K= 1.187 (=0.5);K 計(jì)算接觸強(qiáng)度時(shí)的跑合影響系數(shù)，查得 K= 0.83(v =3.76，HB=450)；K 計(jì)算彎曲強(qiáng)度時(shí)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)初期(未經(jīng)跑合)的齒向載荷分布系數(shù)，由圖5-4查得 K=1.12(=12.4) K計(jì)算彎曲強(qiáng)度時(shí)的跑合影響系數(shù)，由圖5-5查得K=0.95 (v =3.76，HB=450)；K與均載系數(shù)有關(guān)的系數(shù)，K=0.7K與均載系數(shù)有關(guān)的系數(shù)，K=0.85則 K= 1+(1.187-1 )0.830.7=1.149 K=1+(1.12-1)0.950.85=1.0974)齒間載荷分布系數(shù)K、K因 =178.79，精度7級(jí)，非硬齒面直齒輪由表5-9查得K=K=1.05)節(jié)點(diǎn)區(qū)域系數(shù)Z可查圖5-13或按下式計(jì)算 Z=2.495 式中 直齒輪= 0端面節(jié)圓嚙合角直齒輪=20端面壓力角直齒輪=206)彈性系數(shù)Z查得 Z=189.8(鋼一鋼)7)載荷作用齒頂時(shí)的齒形系數(shù)Y查得Y=2.0538)載荷作用齒頂時(shí)的應(yīng)力修正系數(shù)Y查得Y=2.659)重合度系數(shù)z，Yz=0.889 =0.25+=0.25+=0.7110)螺旋角系數(shù)Z，Y可按下式計(jì)算因 =0，z= 得z=1 Y= 所以 z=1，Y=14齒數(shù)比u=2.633 5計(jì)算接觸應(yīng)力的基本值= =2.495189.80.8891MPa=323.75MPa6接觸應(yīng)力= =323.75=401MPa7彎曲應(yīng)力的基本值= YYYY=110.497MPa8齒根彎曲應(yīng)力=KKKK=110.491.251.0681.0971=161.812MPa9確定計(jì)算許用接觸應(yīng)力時(shí)的各種系數(shù)l)壽命系數(shù)Z因N= 2.310，查得Z=12)潤(rùn)滑系數(shù)Z因和=1282MPa查得Z=13)速度系數(shù)Z因v=3.76和=1282MPa查得Z=0.9754)粗糙度系數(shù)Z因 =1282 MPa和齒面R=6.36=9.6查得Z=1.0265)工作硬化系數(shù)取=1.06)尺寸系數(shù) 查得Z=1.010許用接觸應(yīng)力= Z Z Z ZZw Z =1282110.9751.02611=1283MPa11接觸強(qiáng)度安全系數(shù)SS=3.2 12確定計(jì)算許用彎曲應(yīng)力時(shí)的各種系數(shù)l)試驗(yàn)齒輪的應(yīng)力修正系數(shù)Y= 2.02)壽命系數(shù)因N=2.310，查得Y=1.03)相對(duì)齒根圓角敏感系數(shù)Y由Y= 2.65，查得Y= 1.04)齒根表面狀況系數(shù)0.925(齒根R=6.36= 37. 8)5)尺寸系數(shù)Y 可按下式計(jì)算Y=0.006m=1.03-0.0065=1.013許用彎曲應(yīng)力=YYYYY =3702110.9251MPa=684.5MPa14彎曲強(qiáng)度安全系數(shù)SS=4.23 沈陽(yáng)化工大學(xué)科亞學(xué)院學(xué)士學(xué)位論文 第三章軸的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算第三章 軸的設(shè)計(jì)計(jì)算行星齒輪減速器結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)：行星輪軸承安裝在行星輪內(nèi)，行星軸固定在行星架的行星輪軸孔中；輸出軸和行星架通過(guò)鍵聯(lián)接其支承軸承在減速器殼體內(nèi)，太陽(yáng)輪通過(guò)雙聯(lián)齒輪聯(lián)軸器與高速軸聯(lián)接，以實(shí)現(xiàn)太陽(yáng)輪浮動(dòng)。太陽(yáng)輪浮動(dòng)原理如圖3-1所示： 圖3-1 太陽(yáng)輪浮動(dòng)原理3.1 行星軸設(shè)計(jì)1. 初算軸的最小直徑在相對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)中，其中每個(gè)行星輪軸承受的穩(wěn)定載荷，當(dāng)行星輪相對(duì)于行星架對(duì)稱布置時(shí)，載荷就作用于軸跨距中間。選取行星輪與行星架之間的間隙，則跨距長(zhǎng)度為。當(dāng)行星輪軸在轉(zhuǎn)臂中的配合為H7/h6時(shí)，就可以把它看成是擁有跨距為的雙支點(diǎn)梁。當(dāng)軸比較短時(shí)，兩個(gè)軸承幾乎靠著，因此，可以確定軸是沿著整個(gè)跨度承受均布載荷（見圖3-2）。 圖3-2 行星輪軸的載荷簡(jiǎn)圖危險(xiǎn)截面（在跨度中間）內(nèi)的彎矩 Nmm=148538Nmm行星輪軸采用40Cr鋼，調(diào)質(zhì)MPa，考慮到可能的沖擊振動(dòng)，取安全系數(shù);則許用彎曲應(yīng)力MPa=176MPa，故行星輪軸直徑 取 其實(shí)際尺寸將在選擇軸承時(shí)最后確定。2. 選擇行星輪軸軸承在行星輪內(nèi)部安裝兩個(gè)軸承，每個(gè)軸承上的徑向載荷為N=1614N 相對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)中，軸承外圈以轉(zhuǎn)速=463.64考慮行星輪軸的直徑應(yīng)，及安裝在行星輪體內(nèi)的軸承，其外廓的尺寸將受到限制，所以初步選用單列深溝球軸承型號(hào)為6306型，其參數(shù)為 kN kN （油浴）；取載荷系數(shù) ；當(dāng)量動(dòng)載荷 N=1937N 軸承的壽命計(jì)算 h=97377h根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)要求，該減速器要求連續(xù)工作10年，每年按320天計(jì)算，每天按22小時(shí)計(jì)算，即h。所以設(shè)計(jì)決定選用6306型軸承，并把行星輪軸直徑增大到。校核行星輪輪緣厚度是否大于許用值： = mm 式中 行星輪模數(shù)（mm） mm=35.712=12.5mm滿足條件。由于行星輪寬度mm，因此兩個(gè)軸承之間安裝一厚度為5mm，寬度為13mm的套筒。3.2 轉(zhuǎn)軸的設(shè)計(jì)3.2.1 輸入軸設(shè)計(jì)1初算軸的最小直徑由下式 初步估算軸的最小直徑，選取軸材料為40Cr鋼，調(diào)質(zhì)處理。根據(jù)表3-2查得。表3-2 軸常用幾種材料的及值軸的材料Q235-A、20Q275、35（1Cr18Ni9Ti）4540Cr、35SiMn38SiMnMo/152520352545355514912613511212610311297查表取=112，得 輸入軸的最小直徑安裝法蘭，該截面處開有鍵槽，軸頸增大5%7%。故 其實(shí)際尺寸將在選擇軸承時(shí)最后確定。2選擇輸入軸軸承(1) 軸的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)根據(jù)估算所得直徑，輪彀寬及安裝情況等條件，軸的結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸可進(jìn)行草圖設(shè)計(jì)。該軸中間一段對(duì)稱安裝一對(duì)深溝球軸承6217型，其尺寸為，可畫出輸入軸草圖（如附圖03）。軸承的壽命計(jì)算 其參數(shù)為 kN kN （油?。?；取載荷系數(shù) ；當(dāng)量動(dòng)載荷 N=3873N;軸承的壽命計(jì)算 h=165258h70400h故該對(duì)軸承滿足壽命要求。3.2.2 輸出軸設(shè)計(jì)1初算軸最小直徑三個(gè)行星輪均布的情況下，輪齒嚙合中作用于中心輪上的力應(yīng)是相互平衡的，在輸出軸得軸端安裝膜片盤式聯(lián)軸器時(shí)，輸出軸運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)應(yīng)該只承受轉(zhuǎn)矩。輸出軸選用42CrMo的合金鋼，其許用剪切應(yīng)力MPa，即求出輸出軸伸出端直徑=88.423Nmm=6114 Nmm式中 輸出軸轉(zhuǎn)矩；齒輪嚙合傳動(dòng)的效率，取=0.97。2選擇輸出軸軸承因?yàn)檩敵鲚S的軸承不承受徑向工作的載荷（只承受輸出行星架裝置的自重），所示軸承尺寸應(yīng)由結(jié)構(gòu)要求來(lái)確定。輸出軸端，軸頸mm。由于結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)，輸出軸軸承須兼作行星架軸承。為了太陽(yáng)輪安裝方便，使太陽(yáng)輪能通過(guò)行星架輪轂中的孔，故輪轂孔的直徑應(yīng)大于太陽(yáng)輪的齒頂圓直徑=99.076mm。故按結(jié)構(gòu)要求選用特輕系列單列深溝球軸承6030型，其尺寸為，可畫出行星架草圖（如附圖03）。軸承的壽命計(jì)算 其參數(shù)為 kN kN （油浴）；取載荷系數(shù) ；當(dāng)量動(dòng)載荷 N=5088N;軸承的壽命計(jì)算 h=1600938h70400h故該軸承滿足壽命要求。3輸出軸上鍵的選擇及強(qiáng)度計(jì)算平鍵連接傳遞轉(zhuǎn)矩時(shí)，其主要失效形式為工作面被壓潰。所以我們，通常只按工作面上的擠壓應(yīng)力進(jìn)行強(qiáng)度校核及計(jì)算。普通平鍵連接的強(qiáng)度條件則按（3-2）式計(jì)算 式中 轉(zhuǎn)矩，；軸頸，mm; 鍵與輪轂鍵槽的接觸高度，此處為鍵的高度，mm；鍵的工作長(zhǎng)度，mm，型鍵；型鍵；型鍵，其中為鍵的長(zhǎng)度，為鍵的寬度；許用擠壓應(yīng)力，在這里鍵材料為45鋼。其許用擠壓應(yīng)力值按輕微沖擊算查相關(guān)資料的=100120。由前面計(jì)算知輸入轉(zhuǎn)矩Nm， 選用型鍵，其型號(hào)為，將數(shù)值，鍵連接處的軸頸 =110mm代入式（3-6）得=39.9故該鍵滿足強(qiáng)度要求。 沈陽(yáng)化工大學(xué)科亞學(xué)院學(xué)士學(xué)位論文 結(jié) 論 結(jié)論通過(guò)對(duì)行星齒輪的設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程的熟悉，與傳統(tǒng)的減速器的設(shè)計(jì)有很大的不同，計(jì)算方式不一樣、安裝方式不一樣、要求精度不一樣等。我們所做的設(shè)計(jì)是自己獨(dú)立完成的一項(xiàng)機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)，我們工科生作為祖國(guó)未來(lái)的的應(yīng)用型人才，將來(lái)所從事的工作都是高新技術(shù)的應(yīng)用及實(shí)際的操作。所以我們應(yīng)該培養(yǎng)自己市場(chǎng)調(diào)查、收集資料、綜合應(yīng)用能力，提高計(jì)算、繪圖、實(shí)驗(yàn)這些環(huán)節(jié)來(lái)鍛煉自己的技術(shù)應(yīng)用能力。行星輪系減速器較普通齒輪減速器具有體積小、重量輕、效率高及傳遞功率范圍大等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。行星齒輪減速器的類型很多，本設(shè)計(jì)主要通過(guò)對(duì)ZX-A型的進(jìn)行系列設(shè)計(jì)的。計(jì)算主要參數(shù)，確定主要零件的各部位的尺寸。通過(guò)對(duì)每個(gè)零件的建模再進(jìn)行組裝。通過(guò)對(duì)行星齒輪減速器的設(shè)計(jì)，基本熟悉設(shè)計(jì)的一般流程。理解行星減速器的工作原理。對(duì)于傳遞轉(zhuǎn)矩要求高的行星齒輪減速器，行星齒輪中應(yīng)當(dāng)安裝滑動(dòng)軸承，輸入軸應(yīng)盡量避免采用齒輪軸的形式。行星齒輪的安裝較為復(fù)雜。在設(shè)計(jì)中，同時(shí)由于本人能力和經(jīng)驗(yàn)有限，在設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程中難免會(huì)犯很多錯(cuò)誤，也可能有許多不切實(shí)際的地方，個(gè)人覺得設(shè)計(jì)行星減速器的工藝要求很高，在裝配零件圖較為復(fù)雜。運(yùn)動(dòng)仿真主要困難在于行星齒輪與轉(zhuǎn)臂的運(yùn)動(dòng)上。我以后會(huì)做更多的關(guān)于行星齒輪減速器的研究。 沈陽(yáng)化工大學(xué)科亞學(xué)院學(xué)士學(xué)位論文 謝 辭謝 辭兩個(gè)多月的設(shè)計(jì)已經(jīng)接近尾聲，在這過(guò)程中，使我真正的知道了學(xué)習(xí)理論知識(shí)和實(shí)踐行動(dòng)的必要性。在這期間，我不斷去圖書館查找相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)資料，將自己的課余時(shí)間大部分泡在了圖書館，并在這過(guò)程中，不斷發(fā)現(xiàn)問題，找陳老師幫助找出問題的解決方案，讓我充分認(rèn)識(shí)到書本知識(shí)與實(shí)際工作過(guò)程中有很大的差距。本論文很好的將兩者完美結(jié)合，讓我在進(jìn)入工作崗位之前有了一個(gè)很好的訓(xùn)練機(jī)會(huì)。同時(shí)，我也意識(shí)到很多事情，不是一個(gè)人就能解決的，必須團(tuán)隊(duì)合作，互相溝通，才能將設(shè)計(jì)完成的更加漂亮。在這里首先要感謝我的指導(dǎo)老師陳老師。陳老師平日里工作繁忙，但在同學(xué)們做畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的每個(gè)階段都細(xì)心詢問，認(rèn)真檢查，設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)的確定，修改，中期的檢驗(yàn)，以及后期的CAD畫圖等整個(gè)過(guò)程中都給予了我們耐心指導(dǎo)，我的設(shè)計(jì)較為復(fù)雜繁瑣，但是陳老師仍然悉心地糾正我計(jì)算和CAD中的錯(cuò)誤。除了陳老師的專業(yè)水平外，他的教學(xué)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)和對(duì)科學(xué)研究的精神也是我們學(xué)習(xí)的榜樣，并且積極影響我們今后的學(xué)習(xí)和工作，這些幫助和教導(dǎo)將使我在今后的學(xué)習(xí)和工作中奮發(fā)向上、積極進(jìn)取，在學(xué)業(yè)和事業(yè)上取得更好的成績(jī)。而后更重要的，我要感謝我的學(xué)校沈陽(yáng)化工大學(xué)科亞學(xué)院給了我四年深造的機(jī)會(huì)，讓我學(xué)到了為人的優(yōu)良品質(zhì)和工作所需的知識(shí)技能，讓我在學(xué)識(shí)上得到提高。感謝沈陽(yáng)化工大學(xué)科亞學(xué)院的老師和同學(xué)們這幾年來(lái)的對(duì)我的關(guān)心和鼓勵(lì)。老師們課堂上激情洋溢，課堂下細(xì)心輔導(dǎo)；同學(xué)們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)中的認(rèn)真熱情，生活上的熱心主動(dòng)，所有這些都讓我的三年大學(xué)生活收獲不少，感謝大學(xué)四年來(lái)所有指導(dǎo)教師，你們?yōu)槲覀兇蛳聶C(jī)械專業(yè)知識(shí)的基礎(chǔ)，還要感謝我寢室及班級(jí)的同學(xué)，正是因?yàn)橛辛四銈兊墓膭?lì)和幫助，讓我的畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)順利完成。通過(guò)這次的畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)，我在cad制圖、機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)等領(lǐng)域，有了進(jìn)一步的理解。總之，本設(shè)計(jì)為教會(huì)了我我設(shè)計(jì)的實(shí)際應(yīng)用，對(duì)本人以后的工作和生活起到了良好的推動(dòng)作用。衷心感謝陳老師的精心指導(dǎo)設(shè)計(jì)過(guò)程，特別是陳老師，她的諄諄教誨、耐心解釋每一個(gè)階段，使得我可以順利的完成此份設(shè)計(jì)。 沈陽(yáng)化工大學(xué)科亞學(xué)院學(xué)士學(xué)位論文 參考文獻(xiàn)參考文獻(xiàn)1 饒振剛.行星齒輪傳動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì)M.北京;化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社,2003.2 漸開線齒輪行星傳動(dòng)的設(shè)計(jì)與制造編委會(huì),漸開線齒輪行星傳動(dòng)的設(shè)計(jì)與制造M.北京;機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,2002. 3 馬從謙,陳自修.漸開線行星齒輪傳動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì)M.北京;機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,1987.4 濮良貴,紀(jì)名剛.機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)M.北京;高等教育出版社,2009.5 孫桓,陳作模,葛文杰.機(jī)械原理M.北京;高等教育出版社,2009.6 朱孝錄.齒輪傳動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)M.北京;化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社,2000. 7 王昆,何小柏,汪信遠(yuǎn).機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)課程設(shè)計(jì)M.北京;高等教育出版社,2009.8 徐灝,機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)第二版(第3,4卷)北京;機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,2000.9 成大先,機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)第四版M.北京;化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社,2004.10 吳宗澤,羅勝國(guó).機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)課程設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)M.北京;高等教育出版社,2006.11 胡佳秀.簡(jiǎn)明機(jī)械零件設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)用手冊(cè)M.北京;機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,2007.12 孟憲源.現(xiàn)代機(jī)構(gòu)手冊(cè)M.北京;機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,1994.13 陳玉萍,周兆元.互換性與測(cè)量技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)第二版M.北京;機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,2008.14 黃世清,王世左.計(jì)算機(jī)輔助機(jī)械零件設(shè)計(jì)M.上海交通大學(xué)出版,1991.15 王先逵.機(jī)械制造工藝學(xué)第2版M.北京;機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,2006.16 文九巴.機(jī)械工程材料第2版M.北京;機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,2009.Introduction to the common speed reducerDevice overview：Reducer is the prime mover and work machine independent closed between the transmission device, used to reduce speed and increase torque, in order to meet the job needs, also used for growth in some occasions, known as the accelerator.When choosing reducer should be according to the selection of working machine conditions, technical parameters, the performance of the engine, the factors such as economy, comparing the gabarite of different types and varieties of reducer, transmission efficiency and carrying capacity, quality, price, etc., choose the most suitable speed reducer.Reducer is a relatively sophisticated machinery, the use of its purpose is to reduce rotation speed, increase torque.Structural characteristics ofReducer is mainly composed of transmission parts (gear or worm), shaft, bearing, box and its accessories. Its basic structure has three parts:1gear, shaft and bearing combinationPinion and shaft made of an organic whole, gear shaft, this structure is used in the gear shaft and the diameter of the diameter of the weather related, if the diameter of the shaft is d, the gear tooth root circle diameter for df, when df - d 6 7 mn or less, this structure should be adopted. And when df - d 6 7 mn, separated with gear and shaft for the two parts of the structure, such as low speed shaft and large gear. The gear and shaft circumferential fixed flat linkage, shaft parts shaft shoulder, shaft sleeve and bearing cover is used as the axial fixation. Two shaft adopts the deep groove ball bearings. This combination, the less used to bear radial load and axial load. When the axial load is larger, should adopt angular contact ball bearing, taper roller bearing and deep groove ball bearing and thrust bearing of composite structures. Bearing is the use of the gear rotates splashing through the thin oil, lubrication. Box medium oil pool of the lubricating oil, the rotation gear splash splash into the lid on the inner wall of the inner flow box side groove to points, through the oil flow into the bearing. Nu when oiled gear circumferential speed 2 m/s, or less grease lubricated bearings should be adopted, in order to avoid possible wash it splashing through the thin oil lubricating grease, the oil retaining ring can be used to separate it. To prevent loss of lubricating oil and dust into the trunk, between bearing end cover and outrigger shaft equipped with sealing element.2 bodyEnclosure is the important part in the reducer parts. It is the base of the transmission parts, should have sufficient strength and rigidity.Cabinet is usually made of grey cast iron, for overloading or cast steel casing impact load reducer can also be used. Monomer production reducer, in order to simplify the process, to reduce the cost, can use steel plate welded box.Gray cast iron has good casting and vibration reduction performance. To facilitate the shafting parts installation and disassembly, made along the axis line horizontal split-casing box body. On the box cover and the lower box body with a bolt connection into a whole. The connecting bolt of the bearing should be close to the bearing hole, and the bearing seat at the side of convex set, should have enough supporting material surface, in order to place the connecting bolt, and to ensure that the wrench to tighten bolts need to space. In order to ensure the body has enough stiffness, plus support rib near the bearing hole. In order to ensure the stability and reduce as much as possible on the basis of speed reducer in the mechanical processing of base plane of the area, the case base is generally not used the complete plane.3 reducer fittingsIn order to guarantee the normal work of the speed reducer, in addition to combination of gear, shaft, bearing and the structure design of box body is to give enough attention, also should be considered as reducer oil lubricating oil pool, oil discharge, check the oil level height, processing, maintenance when assembling and disassembling of the box cover and the box of accurate positioning, loading auxiliary parts and components, such as reasonable selection and design.1) inspection to check the meshing condition of transmission parts, and to infuse lubricating oil contents, should be set in the appropriate location of the box body inspection hole. Inspection hole is located in the top lid can be observed directly on the gear mesh part. Normally, inspection hole of cover plate on the box cover with screws.2) the ventilator speed reducer is working, the casing temperature, gas expansion pressure, to make overall thermal air free to discharge, to maintain pressure balance inside and outside, not make the lubricating oil or shaft extension along the points box surface seal leakage cracks and other, usually on the top of the box body installed ventilator.3) bearing cover for the fixed shaft parts of axial position and carry axial load, the bearing hole on both ends with bearing cover closed. Bearing bore of flange type and embedded two kinds. Use hex bolt fixed on the box body, bearing cover is overhang shaft hole, which is equipped with sealing device. Flange type bearing cover has the advantage of tear open outfit, easy to adjust the bearing, but compared with the embedded bearing cover, the number of parts is bigger, the size is bigger, appearance is not smooth.4) positioning pin every time in order to ensure the container cover, remained bearing hole processing accuracy, should be in before finishing the bearing hole, in the box cover and the box seats on the connecting flange of the locating pin. Placed vertically on both sides of the enclosure on the connecting flange, symmetrical body should be symmetrical arrangement, in order to avoid mistake.5) oil level indicator to check the oil in the oil pool reducer hight, often maintain oil pool with just the right amount of oil, usually in the box body is convenient for observation, the oil level is relatively stable, installing the oil level indicator.6) oil drain plug oil change, dirty oil and cleaner emissions, should be in the box seat, at the bottom of the oil pool of the lowest opening oil drain hole location, usually with a screw oil drain plug, oil drain plug and body joint face between gasket shall be leak proof.7) seal screw for strengthening qi box, usually during assembly on housing subdivision surface coated with sodium silicate or sealant, when remove often due to the cementation close is difficult to open. So often the appropriate placement of the box cover connecting flange, work out 2 screw holes, screwing in enlightening the box with a cylindrical side or flat side box screws. Gyration rev box screws can will cover on top. Small reducer also dont have rev. Cases of screw, when the lid with a screwdriver to pry out of the box cover, and the box can be the same as the size of the screw to the connecting bolt at the flange.Main loadMachine with reducer connection work load condition is more complex, has much effect on the speed reducer, is one of the important factors, selection and calculation speed reducer the load state of the work machine (motivation) is the load condition, usually divided into three categories:(1) - even load;(2) - medium impact load;(3) - strong impact load.Design programA, the original design information and data1 the type of prime mover, specifications, speed, power (or torque), the startup characteristic, short-term overload capacity, the moment of inertia, etc.2 the type of machine, specifications, use, speed, power (or torque). Working system: the constant load or changing load and variable load load diagram; Rev., braking and short-time overload torque, start frequency; Shock and vibration levels; Direction of rotation, etc.3the prime mover for machine and connection way of the reducer, shaft and if there is a radial force and axial force.4installation type (reducer and prime mover, the relative position of working machine, vertical and horizontal).5transmission ratio and its error is allowed.6the size and weight requirements.7to the degree of service life, safety and reliability requirements.8environmental temperature, dust concentration, air velocity and environmental conditions such as ph value; (if there is a circulating lubrication and cooling conditions, lubrication station) and the limitation on the vibration and noise.9to the requirements of operation and control.10 the source of material, blank, standard parts and inventory.11factory manufacturing capabilities.12on volume, cost and price requirements.13, the delivery date.The article in the first four is a prerequisite, other aspects according to conventional design, such as the design life is generally! Years. Used for important occasions, reliability should be higher.Second, select the type of gear reducer and installation typeThree, set at the beginning of each process methods and parametersSelected performance level, set at the beginning of the main parts of the gear and the material, heat treatment, finishing methods, lubrication, and lubrication oil.Fourth, determine the transmission seriesAccording to the total transmission ratio, to determine the transmission series and all levels of the transmission ratio.Five, the initial geometry parametersEarly calculate gear transmission center distance (or pitch diameter), modulus and other geometric parameters.Six, the overall design schemeDetermine the structure of the reducer, shaft size, span and the bearing model, etc.Seven, checkCheck the strength of the gear, shaft, key load, calculation of bearing life.Eight, lubrication cooling calculationTo determine the speed reducer and accessoryTen, gear carburized depth is determinedWhen necessary for tooth form and tooth to fix quantity calculation process data.Eleven, drawing construction drawingIn the design should implement national and industry related standards.Using the classification1 reducer in use can be divided into two categories, general reducer and special reducer, design, manufacture and use of the two characteristics of each are not identical. 70-80 - s of the 20th century, reducer technology has made great development in the world, and closely integrated with the development of new technology revolution. The main types: gear reducer; Worm gear reducer; Gear - worm reducer; Planetary gear reducer.2general reducer has a helical gear reducer (including parallel shaft helical gear reducer, worm gear reducer, bevel gear reducer, etc.), planetary gear reducer, cycloid pin wheel reducer, the worm gear and worm reducer, planetary friction type mechanical stepless variable speed machine, and so on.1) cylindrical gear reducerSingle stage level 2, level 2, level 2 above. Decorate a form: expansion, shunt type, coaxial type.2) cone gear reducerUsed for the input shaft and output shaft position into the intersection.3) worm gear reducerIs mainly used for transmission ratio 10 occasions, I drive more compact structure. Its defect is low efficiency. Wide application of Archimedes worm gear reducer.4) gear - worm reducerIf gear drive level at high speed, the structure is compact;If worm transmission at high speed, high efficiency.5) planetary gear reducerWith a range of high transmission efficiency, transmission ratio, transmission power is 12 w 50000 kw, small volume and weight3common types of reducer1) the main characteristics of worm gear and worm reducer is a reverse self-locking function, can have a large reduction ratio, the input shaft and output shaft is not in the same axis, is not in the same plane. But generally larger, transmission efficiency is not high, the accuracy is not high.2) harmonic reducer harmonic drive is to use the elastic deformation of flexible components controlled to transfer movement and power, small size, high precision, but the disadvantage is that soft wheel life is limited, dont impact resistance, rigidity compared with metal parts. Input speed cannot be too high.3) planetary gear reducer, its advantage is more compact in structure, return clearance is small, high precision, long service life, rated output torque can do a lot of. But the price a little expensive. Reducer: in short, generally after the machine power in design and manufacture, the rated power will not change, at this time, the greater the speed, the smaller is the torque (or torque); Speed is smaller, the greater the torque.The transmission ratio distribution principle1 to make the bearing capacity of transmission at all levels are equal;2 make all levels of transmission gear oil immersion depth is roughly similar in;3minimize the reducer for the shape of the size or weight, etcModel selectionAs far as possible choose close to ideal reduction ratio:Reduction ratio = / servo motor speed reducer output shaft speedTorque calculation:For the life of the reducer, torque calculation is very important, and should pay attention to the maximum torque value of the acceleration (TP), which is superMaximum load torque of reducer.Apply power is usually the servo on market model for power, the applicability of the speed reducer is very high, can remain above 1.2 coefficient of work, but in use can also with their own needs to decide:There are two main points:A. choose servo motor output maximum diameter of axle diameter of axle is not greater than form.B. If the computed torque, rotational speed can meet the normal operation, but in the net output servo have insufficient phenomenon, we can in the motor drive, do current limit control, or on the mechanical shaft torque protection, it is very necessary.Installation methodThe correct installation, use and maintenance of the reducer, it is an important link in ensure the normal operation of machinery and equipment. When you install reducer, therefore, please be sure to use related matters in strict accordance with the following installation, assembly and use seriously.The first step is to install before confirm the motor and reducer are intact, and strict inspection of motor and reducer connected each part size matches, here is the positioning convex table of the machine, input shaft and gear reducer groove size and tolerance, etc.The second step is to unscrew the gear reducer dustproof holes on flange lateral screw, adjust the clamping ring dustproof holes and side holes to make it align with each other, and insert the socket head screw. After taking the motor shaft key.The third step is to connect the motor and the reducer nature. Connection must be to ensure the output gear reducer input shaft and motor shaft concentricity is consistent, and the outer flange is parallel. Such as concentricity is inconsistent, can lead to broken motor shaft or reducer gear wear and tear.Check the maintenanceDifferent lubricant mixed ban each other. Oil level screw, oil drain plug and the location of the ventilator is determined by the installation position. Their relative position refer to the installation drawing to determine that speed reducer.One, the oil level checkCut off the power supply, prevent to get an electric shock! Waiting for reducer cooling!Remove the oil level screw check filled with oil.Install the oil level screw.Second, the check of oilCut off the power supply, prevent to get an electric shock! Waiting for reducer cooling!Open the oil plug, pick up sample.Check the oil viscosity index- if oil significantly turbidity, it is recommended that the replacement as soon as possible.To bring oil level screw speed reducer- check the oil level, whether qualified- the installation of oil level screw3the oil replacementAfter cooling oil viscosity increases with difficulty, reducer should be under the running temperature oil change.Cut off the power supply, prevent to get an electric shock! Waiting for reducer cooled down no burning danger!Note: when an oil change speed reducer should still keep warm.Under the oil drain screw one by oil pan.Open the oil level screw, ventilator and oil drain plug.All the oil out.Install drain plug.Injection with brand new oil.Oil shall conform to the installation location.Check the oil level in the oil level screw.Tighten the oil level screw and ventilator.Failure to solveSpeed reducer leakage oil cause analysis and solutionAnalysis of the causes1the pressure inside the tankIn closed reducer, each pair of gears meshing friction will emit heat, according to the Boyle trails by specific law, as the lengthen of running time, the deceleration box temperature gradually raised, and the reduction volume inside the case, so the pressure increase, in the case of lubricating oil splash, sprinkle on the inner wall of the deceleration box. Because the permeability of oil is strong, the overall pressure, which a seal is lax and the oil bleeding out from where.2the structure of the speed reducer design is not reasonable cause oil leakageSuch as design of reducer without ventilation hood, pressure reducer can not be achieved, in the pressure more and more high, oil leakage occurs.3amount to muchReducer in the process of operation, oil pool was badly agitation, lubricating oil splash around in the machine, if the amount is overmuch, make a lot of the place such as lubricating oil accumulation in the shaft seal, joint surface and lead to leakage.4improper maintenance technologyIn equipment maintenance, due to the combined surface dirt removal is not complete, or sealant improper selection, seal, not timely replacement of seals, etc way can also cause oil leakage.Treatment schemeGovernance using polymer composite materials to repair speed reducer leakage oil, polymer composite materials based on polymer, metal or ceramic powder, fiber and other materials for, under the action of curing agent, curing catalyst of composite materials. All kinds of material in performance from each other each other, to produce synergistic effect, the comprehensive performance is better than the original ingredients of composite materials. Have extremely strong sticky relay, mechanical properties, and chemical corrosion resistance and other performance, and therefore is widely used in metal equipment, mechanical wear, scratches, pits, cracks, leakage, repair such as casting sand holes, and chemistry of chemical storage tank, reaction tank, pipe anti-corrosion protection and restoration. For reducer static seal leakage point can use the ka wah polymer composite materials and technology field leakage of governance, without disassembly, polymer composite materials in the leakage of external governance, save time and effort, the effect is immediate, the product has excellent adhesion, oil resistance, and 350% of the tensile strength, overcome the impact of reducer vibration, well solved for many years for the enterprise is unable to solve the problem. If reducer running in static seal leak, the oil level of emergency repairing adhesive available surface engineering technologies NianDu, so as to achieve the aim of eliminate oil leakage.Development trend1high level and high performance. Widely used cylindrical gear carburizing and quenching, grinding, carrying capacity increased by more than 4 times, small volume, light weight, low noise, high efficiency and high reliability.2modular combination design. Basic parameters using priority number, size, parts versatility and interchangeability, series of easy to expand and newer, conducive to tissue mass production and reduce cost.3style diversification, variant design. To get rid of the traditional single base installation, added a hollow shaft mounted, floating bearing base, motor and reducer one-piece, different types, such as multiple mounting surface for expanding the