機(jī)械專(zhuān)業(yè)中英文外文翻譯--人工生命的機(jī)器人

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1、外文文獻(xiàn)及譯文本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)外文文獻(xiàn)及譯文院 （部）： 專(zhuān) 業(yè)： 班 級(jí)： 姓 名： 學(xué) 號(hào)： 外文文獻(xiàn):ORIGINAL ARTICLEArtif Life Robotics (2011) 16:8689 ISAROB 2011DOI 10.1007/s10015-011-0892-1S. Ueki H. Kawasaki Y. Ishigure K. KoganemaruY. MoriDevelopment and experimental study of a novel pruning robot only one commercial product is available in J

2、apan.6 The machine climbs a tree spirally and cuts branches using a chainsaw. However, the machines weight (25 kg) and slow speed hinder it from being an optimal solution to resolve the forest crisis. A lightweight platform is required, because most of the mountains in Japan have steep slopes, and t

3、he transportation of a pruning robot is a demanding task. To advance the state of the art of pruning robots, we present an innovative pruning robot that has its center of mass outside the tree. The wheel mechanism is designed for a hybrid climbing method, i.e., the robot is able to switch between st

4、raight and spiral climbs. This method ensures both lightweight and high climbing speed features in the Robot. In an earlier publication,7 we introduced the basic design concept and described some experiments with the prototype robots in detail. Moreover, the hybrid climbing method has proven that th

5、e proposed pruning robot can climb up and down a tree at high speed.8 Here, we report our progress in developing the robot, focusing on straight climbing, its behavior on uneven surfaces, and pruning. 2 Developed pruning robot With the ultimate goal of building a lightweight pruning robot, we have d

6、eveloped a novel climbing method that uses no pressing or grasping mechanism, but relies on the weight of the robot itself, like a traditional Japanese timberjack does when climbing a tree (Fig. 1). The timberjack uses a set of rods and ropes, which is called “Burinawa,” and does not hold or grasp t

7、he tree strongly, while his center of mass is located outside the tree. That is, the timberjack can stay on the tree using his own weight. Based on this new design concept and the requirements of the forestry industry, the pruning robot has been developed. As shown in Fig. 2, the robot is equipped w

8、ith four active wheels. Wheels 1 and 2 are located on the upper side, and wheels 3 and 4 are located on the lower side. Each wheel is driven by a DC servomotor and a warm wheelAbstract This article presents the development of a timberjack- like pruning robot. The climbing principal is an imitation o

9、f the climbing approach of timberjacks in Japan. The robots main features include having its center of mass outside the tree, and an innovative climbing strategy fusing straight and spiral climbs. This novel design brings both lightweight and high climbing speed features to the pruning robot. We rep

10、ort our progress in developing the robot, focusing on straight climbing, 1behavior on uneven surfaces, and pruning.Key words Pruning robot Climbing robot1 Introduction The timber industry in Japan has gone into decline because the price of timber is falling and forestry workers are aging rapidly. Th

11、is has caused the dilapidation of forests, resulting in landslides following heavy rainfall and the dissolution of mountain village society. However, a pruned tree in a suitably trimmed state is worth money because its lumber has a beautiful surface with well-formed annual growth rings. The developm

12、ent of a pruning robot is important for the creation of sustainable forest management. The research and development of a pruning robot 15 has been rare, and Received and accepted: February 25, 2011S. Ueki (*)Department of Mechanical Engineering, Toyota National Colleges ofTechnology, 2-1 Eiseicho, T

13、oyota, Aichi 471-8525, Japane-mail: s_uekitoyota-ct.ac.jpH. Kawasaki K. KoganemaruDepartment of Human and Information Systems Engineering, GifuUniversity, Gifu, JapanY. IshigureMarutomi Seikou Co. Ltd., Seki, JapanY. MoriHashima Karyuu Kougyou Ltd., Gifu, JapanThis work was presented in part at the

14、16th International Symposiumon Artifi cial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 2729, 201187the batteries. The center of mass was located with a margin of error, because the friction coeffi cient is unclear and the position of the center of mass may be moved by disturbance. For example, the robot

15、 will be tilted when it climbs up an uneven surface. In Fig. 2a, the center of mass was located with parameters H = 0.3 m and W = 0.22 m, where H is the distance between the upper side wheel and the lower side wheel, and W is the distance between the surface of the trunk and the center of mass, as s

16、hown in Fig. 3. The analysis shows that the robot is robust when D is 0.25 m, even if it is tilted about 0.1 rad. The controller is constructed using a CPU board which is equipped with a wireless LAN. The controller is able to communicate data/commands with a personal computer via the wireless LAN.

17、Each wheel is controlled by a velocity PI control. A velocity feedback input through a high-pass filter is appended. By comparison with the 2nd prototype,8 the 3rd prototype is lightweight except for the controller and batteries. Also, the controller and the electrical source were located externally

18、 in the 2nd prototype. The 3rd prototype is also equipped with a wireless LAN and a chainsaw. Although details of the chainsaw are omitted here, an experiment was performed to show the cutting of a branch using the 3rd prototype.3 Experiments Three experiments were performed to evaluate the 3rd prot

19、otype. The 1st experiment was to evaluate its basic performance. The 2nd experiment was to evaluate its robustness on uneven surfaces. The 3rd experiment was to show whether the robot can prune a branch. All experiments were performed using a substitute tree indoors. The diameter of the substitute t

20、ree was 0.25 m. The frictional coeffi - cient of the substitute tree was about 0.4, which is less than that of a natural tree. To collect the experimental data, the motor current, the position of the robot, and the orientation of the robot were measured. The motor current was measured using shunt re

21、sistance. The position was measured by a 3-D position measurement device (OPTOTRAK, Northern Digital). The orientation was measured by a 3-D orientation sensor (InertiaCube2, InterSense).Fig. 1. Tree climbing method using “BURINAWA”Fig. 2. 3rd prototype of pruning robot. a Photo image. b CAD image r

22、eduction mechanism which has non-back-drivability. The steering angle of each wheel is also driven by the DC servomotor and the warm wheel reduction mechanism. Based on analysis,79 the center of mass was located outside the tree with the help of the weight of the controller andFig. 3. 3D fi gure of

23、a pruning robot on a tree. a Side view. b Top view883.1 Basic performanceA straight climbing experiment was performed to evaluate the robots basic performance. The desired speed of the four wheels was given by the trapezoidal profi le. The acceleration was 0.2 m/s2, and the speed was 0.2 m/s per 0.0

24、75 m of wheel radius. The experimental results are shown in Figs. 4, 5, and 6. Figure 4 shows the speed of the robot. The speed of each wheel was calculated from the values of the rotary encoder. The robot was able to climb at 0.2 m/s. Although there was a starting delay of about 0.5 s owing to the

25、control law, this was not a problem. Figure 5 shows the distance moved. The “3D” value was measured by a 3D position measurement device, and the distance moved by each wheel was calculated from the value on the rotary encoder. In Fig. 5, we found three types of error: errors in the distance moved be

26、tween each wheel and the 3D position measurement device (E1); error between wheel 1 (or 3) and wheel 2 (or 4) (E2); error between wheel 1 and wheel 3 (and error between wheel 2 and wheel 4) (E3). We considered two possible reasons for these errors. The fi rst was differences in the deformation of ea

27、ch wheel. The distance moved by each wheel was calculated as 0.075 m of the radius of the wheel. The wheel was composed of urethane and an inner tube which was deformed by the force acting on it. The deformation volume depended on the magnitude of the force. From a theoretical analysis,79 the magnit

28、ude of the force in the third prototype tended to be as follows. The normal force near the center of mass becomes larger than the force at the opposite side. Hence, Fn4 = Fn2 Fn3 = Fn1 was considered, where Fni is magnitude of the normal force of wheel i. Both (E1) and (E2) can be explained in this

29、way. We also considered that the reason for (E3) was slippage of the wheel on the trunk. Figure 6 shows the electric current in the wheel motors, which were measured by the shunt resistance. The theoretical analysis79 also showed that the tangential force on the lower side is larger than that on the

30、 upper side. Figure 6 tends toward the theoretical analysis.3.2 Behavior on uneven surfacesTo use the robot safely, it must be robust on an uneven tree trunk. There will always be bumps caused by the growth of the remnants of a pruned branch. Therefore, a straight climbing experiment was performed t

31、o evaluate the robustness of the pruning robot for bumps on trunk. This experiment was performed on a substitute bump. The bump was made of ABS plastics, and was larger than a natural bump.The desired speed of the four wheels was given by a trapezoidal profile. The acceleration was 0.2 m/s2 and the

32、speed was 0.2 m/s for every 0.075 m of the radius of the wheel. The experimental results are shown in Fig. 7, which shows the trajectories of angles 1 and 2 (see also Fig. 2b). Angle 2 rotated toward the plus direction in all cases, indicating that the control box was rising. This means that the cen

33、ter of mass moved toward the tree. The center of mass also moved toward the tree when angle 1 rotated toward the plus direction. This means that there is a decrease in the friction force keeping the robot on the tree. However, the electric currents in wheels 2 and 4 were larger than the continuous c

34、urrent in the experiment. Therefore, there was no danger of the robot falling down. Moreover, these angles returned to their former orientation, even though both angles 1 and 2 had changed when a wheel went over the bump. These results show the good robustness of the robot.3.3 Pruning experiment An

35、experiment was carried out to discover whether the 3rd prototype could prune a branch. An attached chainsaw was driven by a DC motor with a 24-V battery. The robot climbed the tree spirally at a speed of 0.03 m/s. The diameter of the target branch was 0.01 m.Fig. 4. Climbing speedFig. 5. Climbing di

36、stanceFig. 6. Electric current of each wheelFig. 7. Roll angle and pitch angle in each case. a Wheel 1 goes over thebump, b Wheel 2 goes over the bump, c Wheel 3 goes over the bump,d Wheel 4 goes over the bumpFig. 8. Pruning experiment with the pruning robot The experimental scene is shown in Fig. 8

37、. In this experiment, the branch was cut off leaving only a short remnant which was less than 0.005 m, and the trunk was not injured.4 ConclusionThe developmental progress of a timberjack-like pruning robot has been described, focusing on straight climbing, its behavior on an uneven surface, and pru

38、ning a branch. The straight climbing experiment showed that the 3rd prototype gave a good basic performance. The result of the climbing experiment on an uneven surface showed good robustness for bumps, because most bumps on real trees are smaller than the experimental bump. Moreover, the pruning exp

39、erimentalso showed that the 3rd prototype can prune a branch from a tree.In future work, we hope to test the robot in a real environment,and try to make some further improvements.References1. Takeuchi M, et al (2009) Development of street tree climbing robotWOODY-2 (in Japanese). Proceedings of Robo

40、mec 2009, 1A2D072. Kushihashi Y, et al (2006) Development of structure of measuringgrasping power to control simplifi cation of tree, climbing andpruning robot Woody-1 (in Japanese). Proceedings of the 2006JSME Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics3. Suga Y, et al (2006) Development of tree-climbi

41、ng and pruningrobot WOODY. Actuator arrangement on the end of arms forrevolving motion (in Japanese). Proceedings of SI2006, pp126712684. Yokoyama T, Kumagai K, Arai Y, et al (2006) Performance evaluationof branches map building system for pruning robot (in Japanese).Proceedings of the 2006 JSME Con

42、ference on Robotics andMechatronics5. Yamada T, Maeda K, Sakaida Y, et al (2005) Study on a pruningsystem using robots: development of prototype units for robots (inJapanese). Proceedings of the 2005 JSME Conference on Roboticsand Mechatronics6. Seirei Industry. html. Accessed May 20117. Kawasaki H,

43、 Murakami S, Kachi H, et al (2008) Analysis and experimentof novel climbing method. Proceedings of the SICE AnnualConference 2008, pp 1601638. Kawasaki H, Murakami S, Koganemaru K, et al (2010) Developmentof a pruning robot with the use of its own weight. Proceedings ofClawar 2010, pp 4554639. Kato

44、T, Koganemaru K, Tanaka A, et al (2010) Development of apruning robot with the use of its own weight (in Japanese). Proceedingsof RSJ2010, Nagoya中文譯文:人工生命的機(jī)器人（2011）16:8689isarob201110.1007/s10015-011-0892-1S. Ueki H. Kawasaki Y. Ishigure K. KoganemaruY. Mori一個(gè)新的修剪機(jī)器人的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究進(jìn)展在日本只有一個(gè)商業(yè)產(chǎn)品。這臺(tái)機(jī)螺旋地爬上一棵樹(shù)使用電

45、鋸修剪樹(shù)枝。然而，機(jī)器的重量（25公斤）和緩慢的速度阻礙它成為解決森林危機(jī)的最佳解決方案。一個(gè)輕量級(jí)的平臺(tái)是必需的，因?yàn)樵谌毡?，大部分山脈有陡峭的山坡，一個(gè)修剪機(jī)器人運(yùn)輸是一項(xiàng)艱巨的任務(wù)。以提前修剪機(jī)器人的藝術(shù)狀態(tài)，我們提出一個(gè)創(chuàng)新的修剪機(jī)器人對(duì)于外面大多數(shù)的樹(shù)都能高效工作。它的輪系機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)計(jì)是為了適應(yīng)于混合爬山，即，機(jī)器人能夠開(kāi)關(guān)之間的直線和螺旋爬升。該方法保證了機(jī)器人的輕量化和高爬的速度特征在早期的出版物，我們介紹了基本的設(shè)計(jì)概念和描述的原型實(shí)驗(yàn)機(jī)器人了。此外，混合爬山法已經(jīng)證明，該修剪機(jī)器人可以高速的爬上爬下大樹(shù)。在這里，我們報(bào)告我們開(kāi)發(fā)機(jī)器人的進(jìn)展，專(zhuān)注于直爬，善于不平坦的表面上的工作

46、，和修剪。2先進(jìn)的修剪機(jī)器人隨著建設(shè)輕修剪的終極目標(biāo)機(jī)器人，我們已經(jīng)開(kāi)發(fā)了一種新型的爬山法，采用無(wú)壓或抓機(jī)制，而是依靠機(jī)器人本身的重量，像日本傳統(tǒng)的伐木工不會(huì)爬樹(shù)的時(shí)候（圖1）。該用的一套桿和繩子，這是所謂的“burinawa，“不握不住或抓住樹(shù)干，而他的質(zhì)量中心位于樹(shù)。是的，該可以用自己的重量停留在樹(shù)上?；谶@一新的林業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)的設(shè)計(jì)概念和要求，修剪機(jī)器人有了很大的發(fā)展。如圖2所示，該機(jī)器人配備了四主動(dòng)輪。輪1和2位于上側(cè)，輪3和4位于下側(cè)。每個(gè)輪由直流伺服電機(jī)、蝸輪驅(qū)動(dòng)。摘要 本文介紹了一個(gè)伐木工的發(fā)展像修剪機(jī)器人。攀登主要是模仿在日本的timberjacks攀登方法。機(jī)器人的主要功能包括對(duì)外

47、面的樹(shù)進(jìn)行修剪工作，和一個(gè)創(chuàng)新的爬山策略融合直線和螺旋式攀升的方式。這種新穎的設(shè)計(jì)帶來(lái)了輕量化和高爬升速度特征的修剪機(jī)器人。我們報(bào)告我們?cè)诎l(fā)展機(jī)器人進(jìn)展，針對(duì)直爬，不平坦的表面上的工作、修剪。關(guān)鍵詞 修剪機(jī)器人 爬壁機(jī)器人1引言日本木材工業(yè)已經(jīng)進(jìn)入下降的原因，木材價(jià)格下降和林業(yè)工人老齡化迅速。這導(dǎo)致了森林的破壞，導(dǎo)致在暴雨和山體滑坡的破壞山村地區(qū)。然而，在一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)呐淦綘顟B(tài)修剪樹(shù)是值得在上面投資的，因?yàn)槠湫纬梢粋€(gè)美麗的表面形成年輪。一個(gè)修剪機(jī)器人的發(fā)展對(duì)可持續(xù)森林管理的創(chuàng)新是很重要的。研究開(kāi)發(fā)的修剪機(jī)器人15已經(jīng)很少見(jiàn)了。2011年2月25日S.植木機(jī)械工程系，豐田民族院校豐田471-8525

48、，愛(ài)知縣，日本電子郵件：s_uekitoyota-ct.ac.jp川崎koganemaruH.K.人與信息系統(tǒng)工程系，岐阜大學(xué)，岐阜縣，日本Y.石博marutomi有限公司，日本Y.森雪蛤karyuu興業(yè)有限公司，岐阜縣，日本這部分工作是在第十六屆國(guó)際研討會(huì)在人工生命與機(jī)器人項(xiàng)目展現(xiàn)的，日本，一月27日29日，2011年。87電池，質(zhì)量中心位于一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤的邊緣，由于摩擦系數(shù)不明確、質(zhì)量中心的位置可能被干擾。例如，機(jī)器人會(huì)傾斜，當(dāng)它爬上一個(gè)不均勻的表面。在圖2a，質(zhì)心定位參數(shù)H =0.3M和W=0.22米，其中H為上輪和下側(cè)面之間的距離輪，和W的表面之間的距離軀干和質(zhì)量中心，如圖3所示。分析表明機(jī)

49、器人當(dāng)D為0.25米，即使它傾斜約0.1拉德。控制器使用一個(gè)CPU板構(gòu)成，配備了無(wú)線局域網(wǎng)。該控制器能夠通信數(shù)據(jù)/命令與個(gè)人電腦通過(guò)無(wú)線局域網(wǎng)。每一輪由速度PI控制。通過(guò)一個(gè)高通濾波器的速度反饋輸入附加。通過(guò)與第二個(gè)原型比較，第三原型重量輕，除控制器和電池。同時(shí)，控制器和電源分布在外部的第二個(gè)原型。第三原型也配備一個(gè)無(wú)線局域網(wǎng)和電鋸。雖然的電鋸細(xì)節(jié)在這里省略了，實(shí)驗(yàn)表明一個(gè)分支使用第三切削原型。3實(shí)驗(yàn)三實(shí)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行評(píng)估的第三個(gè)原型。第一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)是對(duì)其基本性能。第二個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)是評(píng)價(jià)其在不平坦的表面的性能。第三實(shí)驗(yàn)表明機(jī)器人是否可以修剪樹(shù)枝。所有的實(shí)驗(yàn)使用替代樹(shù)在室內(nèi)進(jìn)行。替代樹(shù)直徑的是0.25米的摩擦系數(shù)

50、有效的替代樹(shù)大約是0.4，這是小于這一自然的樹(shù)。收集實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)包括，該電機(jī)電流，機(jī)器人的位置和方向，機(jī)器人的測(cè)定，測(cè)量電機(jī)電流。使用分流電阻。測(cè)定位置的一個(gè)三維位置測(cè)量裝置（OPTOTRAK，北數(shù)字）。用三維定位測(cè)量定位傳感器（inertiacube2，InterSense）。圖1。爬樹(shù)方法使用“burinawa”圖2。第三修剪機(jī)器人原型。照片圖像。BCAD圖像還原機(jī)制具有非回駕駛性能。每個(gè)車(chē)輪的轉(zhuǎn)向角度也由直流驅(qū)動(dòng),伺服電機(jī)和蝸輪減速機(jī)構(gòu)。在分析的基礎(chǔ)上，79質(zhì)量中心位于外樹(shù)與控制器的重量。圖3。對(duì)一棵樹(shù)的修剪機(jī)器人三維圖。側(cè)視圖。俯視圖3.1基本性能直爬實(shí)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行評(píng)估，機(jī)器人的基本性能。這四個(gè)

51、預(yù)期的速度輪子是由梯形的簡(jiǎn)介。加速度0.2米/S2，和速度為0.2米/秒 ，車(chē)輪半徑0.075米，。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示在圖。4，5，和6。圖4顯示了機(jī)器人的速度。各自的速度從旋轉(zhuǎn)編碼器的值計(jì)算出輪。機(jī)器人能爬在0.2米/秒。雖然有一個(gè)約0.5由于控制法啟動(dòng)延遲，這是一個(gè)問(wèn)題。圖5顯示移動(dòng)的距離。它的實(shí)現(xiàn)是由一個(gè)三維位置測(cè)量設(shè)備，和移動(dòng)的距離每輪計(jì)算從價(jià)值上的旋轉(zhuǎn)編碼器。在圖5中，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)三種類(lèi)型的錯(cuò)誤：在距離誤差的感動(dòng)每一輪的三維位置測(cè)量之間裝置（E1）之間的誤差；輪1（或3）和2（或輪4）（E2）；輪1和輪3之間的誤差（誤差之間的2和4輪輪）（E3）。我們考慮了兩這些錯(cuò)誤的可能原因。第一個(gè)是差異在

52、每一輪的變形。移動(dòng)的距離按0.075米的半徑為每個(gè)車(chē)輪的每一圈。車(chē)輪是由聚氨酯合成的管，它是作用在它變形的力。它的變形量的大小取決于力。從理論上分析，79級(jí)在第三原型的力量往往是如下。的正常力近質(zhì)心變得大于在對(duì)面的力。因此，填充扶手椅形=FN2FN3=FN1被認(rèn)為是，在法國(guó)是正常的力的大小第一輪（E1）和（E2）可以這樣解釋。我們認(rèn)為原因是滑移（E3）樹(shù)干上的車(chē)輪。圖6顯示了電流在輪轂電機(jī)，這是由并聯(lián)測(cè)量電阻。理論分析也表明，在下側(cè)切向力大于上面。圖6傾向于理論分析，不平坦的表面上安全使用的機(jī)器人正常工作，它必須在不平的樹(shù)是強(qiáng)大的樹(shù)干?？偸菚?huì)有由增長(zhǎng)引起的顛簸一個(gè)修剪枝的遺跡。因此，直爬坡實(shí)驗(yàn)

53、進(jìn)行評(píng)估顛簸在樹(shù)干修剪機(jī)器人的性能。這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)在一個(gè)替代的凹凸進(jìn)行。采用ABS塑料，和大于天然凹凸。在四輪所需的速度是由一個(gè)梯形了簡(jiǎn)介。加速度為0.2米/S2和速度為0.2米/秒，每0.075米半徑的車(chē)輪。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果如圖7所示，其中顯示角度1的軌跡和2（參見(jiàn)圖2B）。2角旋轉(zhuǎn)對(duì)所有病例加方向，指示這個(gè)控制箱上升。這意味著，大眾走向樹(shù)中心。質(zhì)量中心也走向了樹(shù)當(dāng)1角方向旋轉(zhuǎn)正方向。這意味著減少摩擦力使機(jī)器人在樹(shù)上。然而，在2個(gè)輪子的電流和4均大于在實(shí)驗(yàn)中連續(xù)電流。因此，有沒(méi)有危險(xiǎn)的機(jī)器人跌倒。此外，這些角度回到原來(lái)的方向，即使角度1和2發(fā)生了當(dāng)一輪了凹凸。這些結(jié)果顯示了良好的性能。3.3修剪試驗(yàn)進(jìn)行實(shí)

54、驗(yàn)，發(fā)現(xiàn)無(wú)論是第三原型可以修剪樹(shù)枝。一個(gè)附加的電鋸是由一個(gè)24V蓄電池直流電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)。機(jī)器人爬上螺旋的速度在0.03米/秒的直徑的樹(shù)該目標(biāo)分為0.01米。圖7。在每一種情況下滾角和俯仰角。一輪1過(guò)去的凹凸，B輪2通過(guò)凹凸，C輪3通過(guò)凹凸，D輪4通過(guò)凹凸圖8。機(jī)器人與修剪修剪試驗(yàn)，實(shí)驗(yàn)的場(chǎng)景如圖8所示。在這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)中，樹(shù)枝被切斷，只留下一個(gè)短暫的殘這是小于0.005米，與樹(shù)干沒(méi)有受傷。4結(jié)論一個(gè)伐木工像修剪的發(fā)育進(jìn)程，機(jī)器人已經(jīng)被描述，針對(duì)直爬，其在不平坦的表面行為，修剪樹(shù)枝。的實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，直爬第三原型給了一個(gè)很好的基本性能。攀爬的結(jié)果在不平坦的路面上試驗(yàn)中表現(xiàn)出良好的魯棒性顛簸，因?yàn)檎嬲臉?shù)最凸起的

55、小比實(shí)驗(yàn)碰撞。此外，修剪試驗(yàn)還表明第三的原型可以修剪樹(shù)枝從一棵樹(shù)。在今后的工作中，我們希望在實(shí)際環(huán)境中的機(jī)器人測(cè)試，試著做一些進(jìn)一步的改進(jìn)。工具書(shū)類(lèi)1。張軍軍，等人2009年開(kāi)發(fā)行道樹(shù)爬壁機(jī)器人木本。2009促進(jìn)了程序，1A2D07的發(fā)展。2。kushihashiY，等人2006年發(fā)展了結(jié)構(gòu)測(cè)量抓樹(shù)力修剪樹(shù)，攀爬修剪機(jī)器人木本（日本）。2006年開(kāi)展程序與機(jī)器人與機(jī)電一體化會(huì)議。3。Suga Y，等人2006年開(kāi)發(fā)攀樹(shù)和修剪機(jī)器人木本。執(zhí)行器布置在臂端為了旋轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)動(dòng)（日本）。促進(jìn)了si2006，PP126712684。Yokoyama T, Kumagai K, Arai Y，等人（2006）評(píng)

56、估了樹(shù)枝修剪機(jī)器人地圖構(gòu)建系統(tǒng)的績(jī)效（日本）。在2006年開(kāi)展了程序和機(jī)器人機(jī)電一體化會(huì)議。5。Yamada T, Maeda K, Sakaida Y，et al（2005）研究用于機(jī)器人的修剪系統(tǒng)：發(fā)展了機(jī)器人樣機(jī)單元（日本）。開(kāi)展了機(jī)器人2005日本機(jī)械學(xué)會(huì)與機(jī)電一體化會(huì)議。6。圣隸工業(yè)。7。Kawasaki H, Murakami S, Kachi H，等人（2008）分析與實(shí)驗(yàn)新型爬山法。開(kāi)展了2008，PP 160163的SICE會(huì)議。8。Kawasaki H, Murakami S, Koganemaru K，等人（2010）開(kāi)發(fā)一個(gè)用其自身的重量的修剪機(jī)器人。促進(jìn)455CLAWAR2010，PP463行業(yè)的發(fā)展9。Kato T, Koganemaru K, Tanaka A，等人（2010）開(kāi)發(fā)的一個(gè)利用自身的重量的修剪機(jī)器人（日本）。促進(jìn)著rsj2010，名古屋的發(fā)展。9