2019-2020學(xué)年高中英語 Module 6 Animals in Danger Section Ⅱ Grammar教學(xué)案 外研版必修5

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1、Section Ⅱ　Grammar——定語從句 課前自主預(yù)習(xí) [例句·體驗(yàn)] 1．The letter that/which I received yesterday was from my father. 昨天我收到的那封信是我父親寄來的。 2．She is the girl who lives next door. 她就是住在隔壁的女孩。 3．She's the student whose handwriting is the best in my class. 她就是我的班里書法最好的學(xué)生。 4. This is the pilot by whom my friend

2、was saved. 這就是那位救了我朋友的飛行員。 5．I still remember the days when we stayed in England. 我仍然記得我們在英國的那些日子。 6．This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 這是我去年待過的山村。 7．This is the reason why he was absent. 這就是他缺席的原因。 8．As is known to us all, China is a developing country. 眾所周知，中國是個(gè)發(fā)展中國家。

3、 9．The sports meeting was put off, which astonished us. 運(yùn)動會推遲了，這讓我們很吃驚。 10．Last week, only two people came to look at the house，neither of whom wanted to buy it. 上周只有兩個(gè)人來看房子，他們兩個(gè)都不想買。 課堂合作探究 [語法·講座] 一、定語從句定義 在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。定語從句常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)。 定語從句分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句兩種。非限

4、制性定語從句在形式上與主句很松散，它與主句之間一般用逗號隔開。 先行詞：定語從句在句中作定語，修飾名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞或代詞就是先行詞。 關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的連接詞稱為關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞的作用有三個(gè)：一、引導(dǎo)定語從句；二、代替先行詞；三、在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一定的成分。關(guān)系詞分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。 關(guān)系代詞：that, which, who, whom, whose, as等。 關(guān)系副詞：when, where, why等。 二、關(guān)系代詞的功能 關(guān)系代詞指代表示人或物的先行詞，并在從句中作主語、賓語、定語、表語等成分。在從句中作動詞的賓語時(shí)可省略，但介詞放在關(guān)系代詞的前面時(shí)，其后的

5、關(guān)系代詞which(指物)和whom(指人)不能省略。 1．who，whom，that這些關(guān)系代詞可以用來指人。 ①The boy who/that is standing there is my cousin. 站在那兒的那個(gè)男孩是我的表弟。 ②Mr Li is the man (who/that/whom) you talked about just now. 李先生就是你們剛才談?wù)撨^的那個(gè)人。 名師點(diǎn)津 (1)who和that引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，不能放在介詞的后面，但whom可以，且不能省略。 (2)先行詞既有人也有物時(shí)，只能用that引導(dǎo)。 (3)that不能引導(dǎo)非限

6、制性定語從句。 2．whose既可指人，也可指物，在從句中作定語。若指物，可以與“the＋名詞＋of which”互換；若指人，可以與“the＋名詞＋of whom”互換。 ③Help is needed for these families, whose homes were destroyed in the flood, whose effect was great. ＝Help is needed for these families, the homes of whom were destroyed in the flood, the effect of which was gr

7、eat. 應(yīng)該給這些家庭幫助，他們的房子在洪水中被毀了，這次洪水的影響是很大的。 3.which, that。 (1)這兩個(gè)詞指物，它們在從句中作主語、賓語、表語。作動詞賓語時(shí)可省略；作介詞后的賓語時(shí)用which，不能用that。 ④Children like to read books which/that have wonderful pictures. 孩子們喜歡讀有精美插圖的書。 ⑤The pen (which/that) my uncle gave me is missing. 我叔叔給我的那支鋼筆不見了。 (2)宜用that不用which的情況。 a．當(dāng)先行詞為不

8、定代詞，或被all, much, something, everything, anything, nothing, few, little, any, every, each, no, some等修飾時(shí)。 ⑥He told me everything that he knew. 他把他知道的一切都告訴我了。 b．當(dāng)先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last等修飾時(shí)。 ⑦The only thing that I can do is (to) wait. 我所能做的唯一的事就是等待。 c．先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。 ⑧This is

9、 the third film that has been shown in our school this term. 這是我們學(xué)校本學(xué)期放映的第三部電影了。 d．先行詞是最高級或被最高級修飾時(shí)。 ⑨The most important thing that should be done is how to stop him from going on. 應(yīng)做的最重要的事就是該如何制止他繼續(xù)下去。 e．先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。 ⑩They talked about the people and things that they could remember. 他們討論了他們所能

10、記起的人和事。 f．當(dāng)主句是以who/which開頭的特殊疑問句時(shí)。 ?Which is the dress that fits me most? 哪一件是最適合我的連衣裙？ 名師點(diǎn)津 (1)which可以位于介詞之后，that不可以。 (2)which可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，that不能。 4.as引導(dǎo)定語從句的用法。 as引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句常用于the same/such ... as ... 結(jié)構(gòu)中。 ?This is the same pen as I lost. 這支鋼筆和我丟的那支是一樣的。 (注意：指同一類的兩支) ?He is such a cle

11、ver boy as everyone likes. 他是一個(gè)每個(gè)人都喜歡的如此聰明的男孩。 (注意：as在定語從句中作賓語) ?As everyone knows, it is hard for a graduate to find a job now. ＝It is hard for a graduate to find a job now, as everyone knows. ＝It is hard for a graduate, as everyone knows, to find a job now. 每個(gè)人都知道，現(xiàn)在畢業(yè)生找工作很難。 三、關(guān)系副詞的功能

12、 關(guān)系副詞所對應(yīng)的先行詞多是表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或原因的名詞，在從句中作狀語。關(guān)系副詞when，where，why在定語從句中分別充當(dāng)時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語和原因狀語。關(guān)系副詞常可換成“介詞＋which”。 ①Is this the reason why/for which he was late for school? 這是他上學(xué)遲到的理由嗎？ ②The factory where/in which my father works is in the east of the city. 我父親工作的那個(gè)工廠在這座城市東面。 名師點(diǎn)津 (1)當(dāng)先行詞是case, condition, sit

13、uation, position, point, stage, occasion(場合)等名詞表示情況、方面、處境時(shí)，定語從句常用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)。 (2)表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因的先行詞后究竟是用關(guān)系副詞還是關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語從句，要看從句中所缺成分。 ③I'll never forget the days that/which we spent together. 我永遠(yuǎn)忘不了我們一起度過的歲月。(that/which指代the days，在從句中作spent的賓語，用關(guān)系代詞) ④I'll never forget the day when I joined the League

14、. 我永遠(yuǎn)忘不了我入團(tuán)的那天。(定語從句中缺少時(shí)間狀語，when相當(dāng)于on which，指代on the day，用關(guān)系副詞) 四、介詞＋關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞 介詞后的關(guān)系代詞有which(指物)，whom(指人)和關(guān)系副詞where, when。 ①This is the girl from whom I learned the news. 這就是那個(gè)女孩，從她那里我知道了此消息。(learn from從……獲悉) ②The plane in which we flew to the UK was very comfortable. 我們?nèi)ビ俗哪羌茱w機(jī)很舒適。(in the

15、 plane在飛機(jī)里) ③You'd better climb up to the top of the hill, from where you can have a good view of the whole city. 你最好爬到那個(gè)山頂上，從那里你可以好好欣賞全市的美景。 名師點(diǎn)津 “介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代詞或者數(shù)詞。 [課堂·總結(jié)演練] Ⅰ　單句語法填空 1．Why can't you realize the part ________ they have pl

16、ayed in our life? 答案：which/that 2．Is this factory the one ________ we visited last week? 答案：which/that 3．Alice received an invitation from her boss, ________ came as a surprise. 答案：which 4．We saw several natives towards our party，and one of them came up to us, ________ we gave some bells and g

17、lasses. 答案：to whom 5．There is no simple answer, ________ is often the case in science. 答案：as 6．All ________ can be eaten has been eaten up. 答案：that 7．In China, the number of cities is increasing ________ development is recognized across the world. 答案：whose 8．It's helpful to put children in a

18、 situation ________ they can see themselves differently. 答案：where/in which 9．Gun control is a subject ________ Americans have argued for a long time. 答案：about which 10．Was it in the village ________ we used to live in ________ the accident happened? 答案：which/that; that 　句型轉(zhuǎn)換(把下面的句子變成含有定語從句的復(fù)合

19、句) 1．He lives in a hotel. It is only five minutes' walk from here. ＝He lives in a hotel_____________________________________. 答案：which/that is only five minutes' walk from here 2．The speaker will tell us about some writers and their works.They are known to us. ＝The speaker will tell us about so

20、me writers and their works _____________. 答案：that are known to us 3．I didn't like the way. She looked at me in this way. ＝I didn't like the way______________________________. 答案：(that/in which) she looked at me 4．I have seen some plants. Their flowers open at sunrise and close at sunset. ＝I ha

21、ve seen some plants，____________________________________. 答案：whose flowers open at sunrise and close at sunset 5．On the train I saw a student. I thought she was your sister. ＝On the train I saw a student，_______________________________________. 答案：who I thought was your sister 6．Winter is the t

22、ime of year. During this time the days are short and the nights are long. ＝Winter is the time of year, _____________________________________. 答案：when/during which the days are short and the nights are long 7．He has three sons. None of them lives with him. ＝He has three sons, ____________________

23、______________. 答案：none of whom lives with him 8．I don't like the job. I have to do a lot of things in it. ＝I don't like the job ________________________________________. 答案：in which I have to do a lot of things 演練通關(guān)提升 [夯實(shí)·基礎(chǔ)知識] Ⅰ　單句語法填空 1．I refuse to accept the blame for something ________

24、was someone else's fault. 答案：that 2．I visited the farm ________ a lot of cows were raised. 答案：where 3．The newly-built cafe, the walls of ________ are painted light green, is really a peaceful place for us, especially after hard work. 答案：which 4．That's the new machine ________ parts are too sm

25、all to be seen. 答案：whose 5．The Science Museum, ________ we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of London's tourist attractions. 答案：which 6．I'd like to settle down in a place ________ the weather is cool and everything is full of life all the year round. 答案：where 7．She was educated

26、at a high school, ________ she went on to Beijing University. 答案：after which 8．I bought two ball pens, none of ________ writes well. 答案：which 9．I want to use the same tools ________ are used in your factory. 答案：as 10．We'll put off the picnic until next week，________ the weather may be better.

27、 答案：when Ⅱ　單句改錯(cuò) 1．The tree was lying on the building which walls and roof were damaged. __________________________________________________________ 答案：which→whose 2．Egypt is a country where is famous for its pyramids. __________________________________________________________ 答案：where→which/th

28、at 3．I know the reason that she looks so worried. __________________________________________________________ 答案：that→why 4．The days when we spent together cannot be easily forgotten. __________________________________________________________ 答案：when→that/which 5．The house stands at the place

29、that the two roads meet. ________________________________________________________ 答案：that→where 6．We shall visit the college where his father teaches there. ________________________________________________________ 答案：去掉there Ⅲ　單句寫作 1．他們上個(gè)月住過的旅館離此不遠(yuǎn)。 The hotel ________________________________

30、______ is not far from here. 答案：where/at which they stayed last month 2．這是今年上演的最好的電影之一。 This is one of the best films ____________________ shown this year. 答案：that have been 3．他們到達(dá)了一個(gè)農(nóng)舍，農(nóng)舍前坐著一個(gè)小男孩。 They arrived at a farmhouse, ______________________ a small boy. 答案：in front of which sat 4．他數(shù)

31、學(xué)考試又不及格，這使他自己很失望。 He failed in the maths exam again, ____________________________. 答案：which made himself very disappointed 5．我們車間使用的機(jī)器是中國制造的。 Such machines ____________________ in our workshop are made in China. 答案：as are used [提升·實(shí)戰(zhàn)能力] Ⅳ　閱讀理解 Are African wild dogs really dogs? What's the

32、difference between African wild dogs and the dogs we know as pets? For one thing, African wild dogs, which live in Africa, only have four toes, while domestic (馴養(yǎng)的) dogs and wolves have five. But you won't want to count for yourself, because they are truly wild animals. “Wild dogs are not somebody'

33、s domestic dogs that ran away and didn't come back, although some people used to think that，” explains Dr McNutt, who studies these animals at Wild Dog Research Camp in the African country of Botswana. “They are actually Africa's wolves, and just like wolves, they do not make good pets. They need to

34、 be out in the wild doing what they are supposed to do—find the food they need to survive and feed their babies.” In fact, they travel so far that researchers have to use radio collars (頸圈) to keep track of them. The collars send out radio signals that tell people where the dogs are. No two wild dog

35、s have the same pattern of coats, so it is easy to tell them apart. African wild dogs are smart and sociable, like pet dogs. Adult dogs, male and female, are willing to take good care of young ones. Millions of domestic dogs live on the planet, but there are probably fewer than 6,000 African wild

36、dogs left. Humans hunt them and farmers who don't want them to go after cows and sheep poison them. Humans are also destroying the wild, natural habitat (棲息地) they need to survive in. Fortunately, today more farmers are finding other ways to protect their cows and sheep from African wild dogs instea

37、d of killing the animals. 1．Which of the following can explain why African wild dogs are different from domestic dogs? A．African dogs can live longer than domestic dogs. B．African dogs have fewer toes than domestic dogs. C．African dogs are much bigger in size than domestic dogs. D．African dog

38、s are much more dangerous than domestic dogs. 答案：B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第三句可知，非洲野狗只有四個(gè)腳趾，而家養(yǎng)的狗和狼有五個(gè)腳趾，由此可知B項(xiàng)正確。 2．In Dr McNutt's view, African wild dogs ________. A．a(chǎn)re a kind of wolves B．can be trained as pet dogs C．a(chǎn)ctually are missing domestic dogs D．generally are not used to living in groups 答案：A　細(xì)

39、節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一、二句可知，Dr McNutt認(rèn)為，非洲野狗不是那些跑了卻沒有回來的家養(yǎng)狗，盡管有些人過去常常這么想。他們實(shí)際上是非洲的狼群……，由此可知在Dr McNutt看來，非洲野狗就是一種非洲狼，故選A項(xiàng)。 3．What's the researchers' purpose of using radio collars? A．To know where African wild dogs go. B．To play games with African wild dogs. C．To tell African wild dogs apart from other dog

40、s. D．To prevent African wild dogs from traveling too far. 答案：A　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“In fact, they travel so far that researchers have to use radio collars (頸圈) to keep track of them.” 可知，研究人員必須使用無線電項(xiàng)圈來跟蹤野狗。跟蹤它們，就是想知道它們?nèi)ツ膬?，故選A項(xiàng)。 4．What suggestion does the author give in the last paragraph? A．Farmers sho

41、uld use domestic dogs to fight against wild dogs. B．African wild dogs should be protected instead of being killed. C．Farmers should take responsibility for feeding African wild dogs. D．African wild dogs should be used to protect farmers' cows and sheep. 答案：B　推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容可知，幸運(yùn)的是，今天更多的農(nóng)民正在尋找其他方法

42、來保護(hù)他們的牛羊免受非洲野狗的傷害，而不是殺死這些動物。由此可推知，我們?nèi)祟悜?yīng)保護(hù)這些數(shù)量并不多的非洲野狗，故選B項(xiàng)。 5．Which of the following can be used as the title of the passage? A．How to keep wild dogs B．How to train domestic dogs C．An introduction to African wild dogs D．Differences between domestic dogs and wild dogs 答案：C　標(biāo)題判斷題。通讀全文可知，本文主要對非洲野

43、狗的現(xiàn)狀作了介紹。分析選項(xiàng)A.How to keep wild dogs “如何飼養(yǎng)野狗”；B.How to train domestic dogs “如何馴養(yǎng)家養(yǎng)犬”；C.An introduction to African wild dogs “介紹非洲野狗”；D.Differences between domestic dogs and wild dogs “家養(yǎng)犬與野狗的區(qū)別”可知，最好的題目應(yīng)當(dāng)是C(介紹非洲野狗)，故選C項(xiàng)。 Ⅴ　七選五 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。 Changing your life can come

44、in small, easy steps. You can transform yourself and live a better life by making positive changes along the way. Here are some choices that will lead to your transformation. Choose to change bad habits Some bad habits seem to stick around without us even realizing it. __1__ You can overcome them,

45、 find better alternatives, and get through your struggle to become a better you! Do it for yourself more than anything. Choose to grow It's easy to get stuck in a fixed way of life. __2__ In choosing to grow, you build character, develop your strengths, become aware of what needs improvement, and

46、turn into the well-rounded person you need to be to succeed. Choose to seek a balanced life Where do you need balance? Are you all work, no play? Or the opposite? __3__ If you're spending too much time working or locked away alone, find the time for social interaction and having fun. If you haven'

47、t committed to a schedule in a while, make the decision to start following one. __4__ This is vital to human existence. We need the loving bonds created by family members and friends. Personal relationships are key to emotional growth and social stability. Choose to live your passion Whatever yo

48、ur dream is, you can have it. The person you wish to be and the things you wish to achieve are within you. Make the choice to pursue those passions at whatever cost. It may mean clearing out your schedule or doing something you've never done. __5__ A．Choose to spend time with those you love B．Choo

49、se to organize your schedule flexibly C．Make the choice today that you won't be ruled by them. D．Neither extremes will lead you to a pleasant life for very long. E．However, with re-evaluation and growth comes a beautiful freedom. F．It's good to change, and you've only got so many years to refres

50、h yourself. G．However, the reward from success and personal accomplishment will be worth it. 1．C　上文提示“一些壞習(xí)慣似乎一直存在，我們甚至沒有意識到這一點(diǎn)?！痹俑鶕?jù)下文提示“你可以克服它們，找到更好的選擇，并通過你的奮斗成為一個(gè)更好的你！”C項(xiàng)“Make the choice today that you won't be ruled by them.(今天就作出選擇吧，你就不會被它們所統(tǒng)治。)”符合語境，故選C。 2．E　上文提示“人們很容易陷入固定的生活方式中。”再根據(jù)下文提示“在選

51、擇成長的過程中，你培養(yǎng)個(gè)性，發(fā)展自我潛能，意識到什么需要改進(jìn)，并成為一個(gè)為了成功而全面發(fā)展的人?！盓項(xiàng)“However, with re-evaluation and growth comes a beautiful freedom.(然而，隨著重新評價(jià)和成長，帶來了美好的自由。)”符合語境。該項(xiàng)中的growth與下文的grow相吻合，故選E。 3．D　上文提示“你在哪里需要平衡？你們都在工作，不玩耍嗎？或者相反？”下文提示“如果你花太多的時(shí)間工作或單獨(dú)關(guān)起來，那就找時(shí)間進(jìn)行社交活動和娛樂?！盌項(xiàng)“Neither extremes will lead you to a pleasant li

52、fe for very long.(這兩種極端都不會讓你過上長久的幸福生活。)”符合語境。該項(xiàng)中的Neither extremes指的就是上文說的這兩種極端做法，故選D。 4．A　此處是一個(gè)小標(biāo)題，根據(jù)上下標(biāo)題可知答案在A/B中選擇。本段內(nèi)容提示“這對人類的生存至關(guān)重要。我們需要家庭成員和朋友建立的愛的紐帶?！庇纱送浦?，A項(xiàng)“Choose to spend time with those you love(選擇花時(shí)間和你愛的人在一起)”中l(wèi)ove是關(guān)鍵詞，故選A。 5．G　上文提示“無論付出什么代價(jià)，都要選擇去追求那些激情。這可能意味著你要清空你的日程表，或者做一些你從未做過的事情?！盙項(xiàng)

53、“However, the reward from success and personal accomplishment will be worth it.(然而，成功和個(gè)人成就的回報(bào)是值得的。)”符合語境。該項(xiàng)中的“the reward”和“be worth”與上文中的whatever cost構(gòu)成一種轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故答案為G。 Ⅵ　語法填空 Nowadays, millions__1__lonely singles are now going online instead. __2__World Wide Web is quickly becoming the world'

54、s most popular matchmaker (媒人)． Singles are flocking (涌向) to the Internet largely because their busy lifestyles leave them little time to look for a significant other. __3__ (use) dating sites (約會網(wǎng)址) is quick and convenient. Many singles say the regular dating scene__4__ (lead) them from one ba

55、d experience to__5__and are ready to try something else. Dating sites also make__6__easy to avoid someone__7__you are not interested in. In the real world, __8__， ignoring someone you don't like can be difficult. Despite all the advantages, online dating also presents its own set of problems. P

56、eople aren't always those who they declare to be in their online__9__ (describe). Safety is another concern. You are just__10__(like) to find a criminal online as you are Mr or Miss Right. 1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________ 5．________　6.________　7.________　8.________ 9．________　10.________ 答案：1.of　2.The　3.Using　4.has led　5.another 6．it　7.who/whom　8.however　9.description 10．likely - 14 -