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1、Section Grammar直接引語和間接引語()1(教材P5)“I dont want to set down a series of facts in a diary，” said Anne.Anne said that she didnt want to set down a series of facts in a diary.2(教材P5)“Does a friend always have to be a person？” the writer asks us.The writer asks us if a friend always has to be a person.3(教
2、材P5)“Why did you go to bed so late last night？” Father asked Anne.Father asked Anne why she had gone to bed so late the night before4My mother said, “A friend in need is a friend indeed.”My mother said a friend in need is a friend indeed.直接引語和間接引語之間的轉(zhuǎn)換規(guī)則人稱變化的三原則1“第一人稱隨主”原則：如果從句中的主語是第一人稱或被第一人稱修飾，從句中的
3、人稱要按照主句中主語的人稱變化。Mary said，“I want to have a computer of my own.”Mary said that she wanted to have a computer of her own.2“第二人稱隨賓”原則：如果從句中的主語及賓語是第二人稱或被第二人稱修飾，從句中的人稱要跟引號外的主句的賓語一致。如果引號外的主句沒有賓語，也可以用第一人稱。Her colleague said to her，“Who did you ask for a leave？”Her colleague asked her who she had asked for
4、 a leave.3“第三人稱不更新”原則：直接引語變間接引語時(shí)，直接引語中出現(xiàn)的第三人稱的代詞一般不需要變化。Mr. Smith said，“His voice is wonderful.”Mr. Smith said his voice was wonderful.時(shí)態(tài)的變化直接引語變間接引語時(shí)動(dòng)詞變化如下表：直接引語間接引語句子時(shí)態(tài)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)一般過去時(shí)過去完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)不變一般將來時(shí)過去將來時(shí)His friend said to him，“We are planning to have a picnic.”His friend told
5、 him that they were planning to have a picnic.The organizer said，“We have begun our plan.”The organizer said that they had begun their plan.直接引語變間接引語，時(shí)態(tài)無變化的情況：(1)直接引語是客觀真理、諺語和格言；(2)直接引語中有具體的過去的某年、某月、某日作狀語。My teacher said to us yesterday，“Early birds catch worms.”My teacher told us yesterday that ear
6、ly birds catch worms.指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語、地點(diǎn)狀語及方向性動(dòng)詞的變化引語用詞直接引語間接引語指示代詞this 這個(gè)that 那個(gè)these 這些those那些時(shí)間狀語now 現(xiàn)在then 那時(shí)today 今天that day那天this morning 今天上午that morning 那天上午tonight 今天晚上that night 那天晚上tomorrow 明天the next/following day 第二天yesterday 昨天the day before 前一天last night 昨天晚上the night before前一天晚上the day befo
7、re yesterday 前天two days before 兩天前three days ago 三天前three days before 三天前next week 下一周the next/following week第二周ago(至今)以前before(那時(shí))以前地點(diǎn)狀語here 這兒there 那兒方向性動(dòng)詞bring 帶來take 帶走come 來go 去She asked，“Is this book his？”She asked whether that book was his.“Ill be very busy today，”said the man.The man said he
8、 would be very busy that day.連接詞的選擇1直接引語是陳述句，變?yōu)殚g接引語時(shí)，常變成由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。在口語中，that可以省略。He said，“I was cooking when the earthquake happened.”He said (that) he was cooking when the earthquake happened.直接引語是陳述句時(shí)，若變?yōu)殚g接引語，主句謂語動(dòng)詞“said to sb.”常改為told sb.。His father said to him，“You should work hard if you want
9、 to go to college.”His father told him that he should work hard if he wanted to go to college.2直接引語是一般疑問句、選擇疑問句或反意疑問句時(shí)，間接引語中用whether(.or或.or not)或if引導(dǎo)。His friend asked him，“Are you interested in playing football？”His friend asked him whether he was interested in playing football.如果主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是said，則將其改為
10、asked。3直接引語為特殊疑問句時(shí)，間接引語仍用原句中的特殊疑問詞來引導(dǎo)，其余的變化遵照直接引語和間接引語之間的轉(zhuǎn)換規(guī)則來進(jìn)行?！癢hats your name？”he asked me.He asked me what my name was.疑問句的直接引語變間接引語時(shí)，要把疑問語序變成陳述語序?！癢here are you going？” the father asked his son.The father asked his son where he was going. 句型轉(zhuǎn)換1“What are you doing now？” Mum asked me.Mum asked m
11、e what I was doing then2“Why did Helen refuse to go there？” the teacher asked.The teacher asked why Helen had refused to go there.3John said, “I am going to visit Disneyland the day after tomorrow.”John said that he was going to visit Disneyland in two days time4“Did you go there to watch the footba
12、ll match last night？” Bob asked me.Bob asked me if/whether I had gone there to watch the football match the night before5My father said, “I worked here twenty years ago.”My father said that he had worked there twenty years before/earlier6“Where will you go with your father tomorrow？” Peter asked me.
13、Peter asked me where I would go with my father the next day7Sophia asked me whether I had heard about that bad news the day before.Sophia said to me, “Did you hear about this bad news yesterday？”8Helen told me that she wouldnt go to Hainan the following day.Helen said to me, “I wont go to Hainan tom
14、orrow”9Tonys father asked him how he had finished the task by himself two days earlier.Tonys father asked Tony, “How did you finish the task by yourself the day before yesterday？”10The girl said that she was watching the TV play then.The girl said, “I am watching the TV play now” 單句改錯(cuò)1The teacher to
15、ld us that the earth moved around the sun.movedmoves2The doctor said, “You were not badly ill and you will be better soon.”wereare3Peter said that he had seen the lady in the bookstore ago.agobefore4My friend asked me that if I had watched that film the night before.去掉第一個(gè)that5Bob asked his new class
16、mate that she came from that morning.thatwhere 語法與寫作1那個(gè)男孩的媽媽問他是否對他做過的事感到抱歉。That boys mother asked him if/whether he was sorry for what he had done2我告訴他我丟了這筆錢并會找到它。I told him that I had lost the money and that I would find it3史密斯夫人問她兒子為什么不愿意放棄那個(gè)項(xiàng)目。Mrs.Smith asked her son why he wouldnt give up that p
17、roject4羅斯告訴我說她后天來北京看我。Rose told me that she would come to Beijing to visit me in two days time5老師說：“太陽從東邊升起，從西邊落下?！盩he teacher said that the sun rises in the east and sets down in the west. 請將下列直接引語變成間接引語1“You should be more creative next time，” my teacher said to me.My teacher told me that I should
18、 be more creative the next time2Mr.Brown said, “I will leave for New York on business next month，Mary.”Mr.Brown told Mary that he would leave for New York on business the next month3“Dont make so much noise in class，boys and girls，” said Mr.Wang.Mr.Wang told the boys and girls not to make so much no
19、ise in class.4Our teacher said to us, “The moon moves around the earth and the earth goes around the sun.”O(jiān)ur teacher told us that the moon moves around the earth and the earth goes around the sun.5“Are you sorry for what you have done？” the mother asked the naughty boy.The mother asked the naughty
20、boy if he was sorry for what he had done6My classmate said to me, “Doctor Wang passed away last month.”My classmate told me that Doctor Wang passed away last month.7Johnny said to his parents, “I had learned 500 Chinese words by the end of last term.”Johnny told his parents that he had learned 500 C
21、hinese words by the end of last term.8“Write your names on your paper first，” the teacher said to us.The teacher asked us to write our names on our paper first.9He asked Nancy, “Are you a student？” He asked Nancy if she was a student.10“Where are you going？” the girl asked me.The girl asked me where
22、 I was going 閱讀理解AFriends are important to children.Research shows that children who have no friends can suffer from difficulties later in life.Friendship provides children with more than just fun.In making friends，children learn how to get in touch with others and solve problems.Having friends even
23、 does good to children for they can help each other during class.If the parents are concerned about whether their children make many friends，what matters is that the child is comfortable and happy with his friends.Parents need to understand the steps children take in building friendships.First of al
24、l，be a friend to your child.Good friendships start at home. Children begin to develop the necessary ability to go out and meet others through getting along with their parents.Greet the child warmly and let him know you are glad to see him.Children learn a lot from how their parents stay with them an
25、d other people.Teach children how to solve conflicts(爭端)Being able to work out conflicts is an important skill in getting along with others.If parents know the children have a conflict，let them work it out on their own.Only step in if it is really necessary，for example，an argument is getting physica
26、l.Give children chances to practice staying together.Have children play games that require cooperation. For example，races are fun and provide plenty of practice in teamwork.Encourage children to show thanks to others.The parents can encourage children to do this by setting the example for them.【解題導(dǎo)語
27、】這篇短文主要描述了朋友對于孩子的重要性，以及父母應(yīng)該如何幫助孩子交朋友。1According to the article，if one child has no friend，he will _Ahave some trouble in the futureBworry about everything in the futureCnot know the importance of making friendsDnot find anybody to help himA 解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的Research shows that children who have no fr
28、iends can suffer from difficulties later in life.描述，可知沒有朋友的孩子會在將來遇到困難，故選A。2Friendship can be helpful to the children EXCEPT _Aproviding a lot of funBgetting in touch with othersCsolving the problemsDhelping to cheat in the examsD解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)短文第一段描述，可知友誼對孩子的幫助不包括在考試中作弊，故選D。3When the children disagree
29、with each other，the parents should _Alet them fight with each other until they find who is the winnerBdo nothing to the children and believe in their abilitiesClet them work it out by themselves and help if necessaryDtalk with them and try to find good ways to stay togetherC解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)短文第三段中的Teach c
30、hildren how to solve conflicts(爭端)Being able to work out conflicts is an important skill in getting along with others.If parents know the children have a conflict，let them work it out on their own.描述，可知當(dāng)孩子的意見不一致時(shí)，父母應(yīng)該讓他們自己解決，如果有必要就幫助。故選C。4From the text we can know a good friend should know how to _A
31、fall in love with each otherBshow thanks to othersCexchange their presentsDignore their differencesB解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)短文最后一段中的Encourage children to show thanks to others.The parents can encourage children to do this by setting the example for them.可知作者寫本文的主要目的是告訴父母幫助孩子們交朋友，互相感謝。故選B。BFriendships can be diff
32、icultbecause often people arent as honest and open as they should be.Sometimes, people end up getting hurt.Most problems with friendships come up because people are just too selfish to care about the things that their friends need. They care about their own needs much more, which makes it hard for f
33、riendships to work. However, being selfish is part of human nature. A person is put together in order to take care of himself and his own needs, not necessarily those needs of other people. Even though being selfish is something that all humans are born with, it is something that everyone should gua
34、rd against.The best thing to remember when you are a friend to anyone is that you need to treat your friend the same way as youd like to be treated. This is wonderful advice for a friendship，because it is really the only way to make sure that you are giving your friend everything you would want to b
35、e given in a friendship. Whenever you have a question about how you should treat a friend, it is easy to find an answer simply by asking yourself what you would like your friend to do for you，if he or she is in your shoes.Even if youre always thinking about how youd like to be treated, and your frie
36、nds are, too, there are issues that come up from time to time in each friendship, and it is important to understand how to deal with these issues so that you can build stronger and healthier friendships. Issues like friends getting boyfriends or girlfriends and not spending enough time with their fr
37、iends，or even friends finding new friends and leaving old friends behind are issues that will probably come up with one or more of your friendships. It is important to know how to deal with these issues so that you can keep your friends and make new ones. No one wants to have a broken friendship.【解題
38、導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹了朋友之間出現(xiàn)的問題以及如何才能使友誼長存，如何處理朋友之間的問題。5This passage mainly deals with_Athe importance of friendshipsBthe advantages of friendshipsCthe problems with friendshipsDthe meaning of friendshipsC解析：主旨大意題。全文主要是圍繞朋友之間出現(xiàn)的問題進(jìn)行談?wù)摰模赃xC項(xiàng)。6According to the author, problems with friendships may appea
39、r when_Aone is honest Bone is selfishCone is alone Done is too busyB解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句可知，朋友之間出現(xiàn)的大多數(shù)問題是由于人們太自私。7According to the passage, the first and most important thing to be other peoples friend is _Ato treat your friends as fairly as possibleBto give your friends whatever you haveCnot to hurt yo
40、ur friends feelingsDnot to think of your own needs any moreA解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句可知，作者認(rèn)為要成為別人的朋友，最重要的一件事就是“己所欲，施于人”。8The paragraphs following the passage may be about how to_Amake friendsBtreat friends correctlyCkeep friendsDdeal with friendship issuesD解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)原文最后兩句話可知，作者認(rèn)為為了能保持友誼和不斷交到新的朋友，了解如何處理朋友之
41、間的問題是很重要的，那么接下來要談到的應(yīng)該是如何處理朋友之間的問題。 語法填空Sarah Jayne is a twentyyearold girl from the UK.After she read the book Pay It Forward，she realized that our world would become a much 1._(good) place if everyone could do three favors(善意的行為) for others.She lost her father 2._ the age of eight，so she felt pity
42、for her friends children whose dad died 3._(recent)Sarah talked and played with the children to make their mothers life easier.This “success” led to the second favor，which was to set up a counseling(咨詢) service at her school 4._(help) improve the students mental(心理的) health.Her third favor was for a
43、 neighbor，an old woman named Anna who lost 5._(she) eyesight.It was Anna that 6._(introduce) the book Pay It Forward to Sarah two months ago.As she loved reading，it was 7._ real act of kindness to spend time 8._(read) out loud for the neighbor and keeping her company every night.Sarah said, “I could
44、nt believe at first how three small favors could make a big 9._ (different)All the people 10._ were helped by me have promised to pay favors forward.”【解題導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一個(gè)英國女孩因?yàn)樽x了一本書后做了三個(gè)善舉，并使得受助者也愿意去幫助別人。1better解析：根據(jù)該空前的much可知，該空應(yīng)用形容詞的比較級，故填better。2at解析：at the age of表示“在年紀(jì)時(shí)”。3recently解析：該空應(yīng)用副詞修飾
45、動(dòng)詞，故填recently。4to help解析：該空用動(dòng)詞不定式表目的，故填to help。5her解析：該空應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞修飾eyesight。6introduced解析：根據(jù)two months ago可知，說的是發(fā)生在過去的一件事，所以用動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí)，故填introduced。7a解析：act表示“行為，舉動(dòng)”時(shí)為可數(shù)名詞，此處表示“一個(gè)”，故填a。8reading解析：spend time doing sth.表示“花時(shí)間做某事”。9difference解析：make a big difference表示“有很大影響”。10who解析：先行詞為All the people，
46、關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語從句，在從句中作主語，故填who。 短文改錯(cuò)Dear David，How time flies! Its been an entirely week since you left our school.You cant imagine what I miss the time we spend together! I am very happy to be your friend and grateful for your help with my English.Because of I have learned a lot from you，I am more confide
47、nt of your future study.I real got pleasure from speak English with you.Although we are not in a same country now，our friendship will last forever.And I will try my best learn English and make more friend.Yours，Li Hua答案：Dear David，How time flies! Its been an week since you left our school.You cant i
48、magine I miss the time we together! I am very happy to be your friend and grateful for your help with my English.Because I have learned a lot from you，I am more confident of future study.I got pleasure from English with you.Although we are not in same country now，our friendship will last forever.And I will try my best learn English and make more .Yours，Li Hua- 11 -
2019-2020學(xué)年高中英語 Unit 1 Friendship Section Ⅳ Grammar學(xué)案 新人教版必修1
