初中英語(yǔ)過去完成時(shí)練習(xí)題(附答案).doc

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初三英語(yǔ)上冊(cè)（人教新目標(biāo)）Unit 12 Life is full of the unexpected.知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)一、重點(diǎn)詞匯 詞義辨析：above/on/over 都指“在上”，但有區(qū)別。above表示高于某物，但不一定是正上方，反義詞是below。on表示在另一個(gè)的上面，有表面接觸。over表示高于某物，在正上方，反義詞是under。 He lifted his hands above his head. 他將雙手舉過頭頂。 They put some flowers on the teachers desk. 他們把花放在老師桌子上。 There is a bridge over the river. 河上有座橋。 詞義辨析：alive/living/live/lively 都有“活著的”意思，含義和所做成分各有不同。含義用法alive人或物“活著的”，側(cè)重生與死的界限。是表語(yǔ)形容詞，只做后置定語(yǔ)或補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，不能做前置定語(yǔ)。living人或物“活著的”。主要用于做前置定語(yǔ)及定冠詞the之后表示一類人；也可用作表語(yǔ)。live物“活著的、有生命的”；也表示“實(shí)況轉(zhuǎn)播的”。做前置定語(yǔ)。lively人或物“活潑的，充滿生氣的”。做定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。He was alive when he was taken to the hospital. 他被送往醫(yī)院時(shí)還活著。 The living must finish the work of those dead. 活著的人必須完成那些死去的人的事業(yè)。 He said he had seen a live whale.他說(shuō)他見過活鯨魚。 He had a strange way of making his classes lively and interesting. 他有一種奇特的方法，使他的課生動(dòng)有趣。 by the time：到時(shí)（常與過去完成時(shí)連用） By the time I got to the station, the bus had already left. 我到車站的時(shí)候，汽車已經(jīng)走了。 拓展： by now：到現(xiàn)在為止（常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用） give sb. a lift：捎某人一程 Can you please give me a lift? Im afraid my car broke down. 請(qǐng)讓我搭一下車好嗎？我的車壞了。 in line with：與成一排 Make sure that the flowers on both sides are in line with the trees. 確保兩邊的花跟樹成一排。 stare at sb.：盯著某人 Dont stare at me like that. 別那樣盯著我看。 show up：露面 We waited until five oclock, but he did not show up. 我們一直等到了5點(diǎn)，但是他始終沒有露面。 by the end of：在以前 By the end of last month, we had learned 10 units. 到上個(gè)月為止，我們已經(jīng)學(xué)了10個(gè)單元。 拓展： 1. in the end：最終，最后2. at the end of：在的末尾/末端 識(shí)記詞匯 unexpected adj. 出乎意料的 ring v.（鐘，鈴等）響 block n. 街區(qū) disbelief n. 不信，懷疑burn v. 燃燒burning adj. 燃燒著的 airport n. 機(jī)場(chǎng) till prep.&conj. 直到 west adv. 向西 adj. 西方的fool n. 傻瓜 v. 愚弄embarrassed adj. 窘迫的，尷尬的embarrassing adj. 使人害羞的，使人尷尬的costume party 化妝舞會(huì)spaghetti n. 意大利面條hoax n. 騙局，惡作劇believable adj. 可相信的disappear v. 消失二、重點(diǎn)句型 Before I could join the others outside to see what was going on, the first plane hadalready hit my office building. 解析：本句的主干是 the first plane had already hit my office building；Before I could join the others outside 是由before 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句；to see 是不定式表示目的；what was going on 是 see 的賓語(yǔ)從句。翻譯：我還沒得及走進(jìn)人群看看到底出什么事了，第一架飛機(jī)就撞上了我們的辦公樓。 It happens on April 1st every year and is a day when many people play all kinds oftricks and jokes on each other. 解析：本句的主干是 It happens on April 1st every year and is a day；when many people play all kinds of tricksand jokes on each other 是由 when 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾 day。翻譯：愚人節(jié)是每年的4月1日，在這一天，許多人都會(huì)彼此捉弄，彼此開玩笑。出題建議：確定好題型后，在關(guān)鍵詞中輸入 when，就可以找到 when 做引導(dǎo)詞的定語(yǔ)從句了。 One April Fools Day, a reporter in England announced that there would be no morespaghetti because the spaghetti farmers in Italy had stopped growing spaghetti. 解析：本句的主干是a reporter in England announced；One April Fools Day 表示時(shí)間；that there would be nomore spaghetti 是 announced 的賓語(yǔ)從句；because the spaghetti farmers in Italy had stopped growing spaghetti是由 because 引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句。翻譯：有一年的愚人節(jié)，英國(guó)的一名記者宣稱意大利面將會(huì)停產(chǎn)，因?yàn)橐獯罄r(nóng)民不再生產(chǎn)意大利面了。 Welles made it sound so real that hundreds of people believed the story, and fearspread across the whole country. 解析：本句的主干是Welles made it sound real；sothat hundreds of people believed thecountry是由 so.that引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句，表示結(jié)果。翻譯：威爾斯的故事聽起來(lái)非常真實(shí)，結(jié)果成百上千的人相信了這個(gè)故事，而且恐懼籠罩著整個(gè)國(guó)家。三、重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法 過去完成時(shí) 1. 概念： 過去完成時(shí)表示過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作以前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作。它表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間是“過去的過去”。 We had learnt 30 lessons by the end of last month. 到上個(gè)月末為止，我們已經(jīng)學(xué)了30課。 2. 構(gòu)成：had+過去分詞 過去完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，但側(cè)重對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或造成的影響，或是由過去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作，與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)。 過去完成時(shí)則是一個(gè)相對(duì)的時(shí)態(tài)，它所表示的動(dòng)作不僅發(fā)生在過去，更強(qiáng)調(diào)“過去的過去”，只有和過去某時(shí)或某動(dòng)作相比較時(shí)，才用到它。試比較： I have cleaned the classroom .（強(qiáng)調(diào)掃地所產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果：地干凈了?。?We have lived here for ten years.（“住”從過去持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)） Mr. Green had lived in New York for ten years before he came to China.（來(lái)”中國(guó)已過去，而先前“住”在紐約更過去?。硗庾⒁猓骸白　痹诩~約可沒有持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在喲！） 過去完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別 雖然這兩種時(shí)態(tài)都表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，但在使用時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)： 1. 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)不同：過去完成時(shí)在時(shí)間上強(qiáng)調(diào)“過去的過去”；而一般過去時(shí)只強(qiáng)調(diào)過去某一特定的時(shí)間。試比較： They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday. They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.2. 在沒有明確的過去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)作標(biāo)志時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間先后須依據(jù)上下文來(lái)判斷：先發(fā)生的用過去完成時(shí)，后發(fā)生的則用一般過去時(shí)。如： She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too. She had just won the first in the compositioncompetition.過去完成時(shí)練習(xí)題( ) 1.By the time the war _, most of the people had left.A.was began B. was broken outC.broke out D. had been broken out( )2.The bus had gone when I at the bus stopAhave arrived Barrived Chad arrived Damarriving