高一英語-必修二-重點單詞短語及句型的歸納.doc
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高中英語 必修Ⅱ 重點單詞、短語和句型 Unit 1 Cultural relics 重點單詞和短語 1. in search of 尋找、搜尋 in the/one’s search for 尋找,搜尋 search for= look for 搜尋 search ... for 為了找……而搜查…… 2. could never have imagined 絕不可能想到 “情態(tài)動詞+have done” may/might have done過去可能做過 表推測 must have done 過去一定做過 表后悔、 need’t have done過去本沒有必要做(實際上做了) 責(zé)備、遺 should/ought to have done過去本應(yīng)該做(實際上未做) 憾等語氣 shouldn’t/oughtn’t to have done過去本不該做(實際上做了) 3. select vt.挑選,選擇;選擇 select sb. to do sth. 選擇某人做某事 select ... as挑選……作為…… select ... from從……中選出…… 4. design n. & vt. 設(shè)計,圖案,構(gòu)思;計劃 make designs for 為……設(shè)計 to do 目的是做 in design在設(shè)計上 be designed for專為……而設(shè)計的 by design=on purpose故意地 as打算當做 5. fancy adj. 奇異的,異樣的;時髦的 vt. 想象,設(shè)想;愛好,喜歡 fancy (one’s) doing sth. 想象(某人)做某事 Fancy meeting so many television actiors! 居然能見到那么多電視演員! n. 喜愛,想要 take a fancy to喜歡上;愛上 6. decorate vt. 裝飾;裝修,裝潢 decorate ... with ...用……裝飾…… 7. in return (for) (1)作為(對……的)回報/報答(=in reward for) If you give me your photo, I’ll give you mine in return. 你若送我一張照片,我便回贈一張給你。 He didn’t expect anything in return for his help. 他幫助人并不期待任何回報。 (2)作為回應(yīng) I asked his opinion, but he just asked me a question in return. 我征求他的意見,他卻只是反問了我一個問題。 【辨析】in return和in turn 易混詞組 辨析 例句 in return 表示“作為回報(報答)”;作為回應(yīng) He has given me so much help that I really want to do something for him in return. 他給了我許多幫助,所以真的想為他做些什么作為報答。 in turn ①表示“相應(yīng)地;轉(zhuǎn)而,反之,反過來”②表示“依次,逐個輪流” Interest rates were cut and, in turn, share prices rose.利率下調(diào),股價就相應(yīng)地上漲了。 The kids came out of the room in turn.孩子們依次走出房間。 8. have/get sth. done本結(jié)構(gòu)可表示兩種意義 (1)使某事被做(主語有意識的行為,可能是主語自己做的,也可能是讓別人做) I must have my homework done before going to bed. 上床睡覺前我必須做完作業(yè)。(由自己完成) He had/got his hair cut yesterday. 他昨天理發(fā)了。(由別人完成) (2)遭遇/經(jīng)歷某種不幸的事(此事違背主語的意愿) She had all her jewellery stolen.她所有的珠寶都被偷了。 【拓展】 have/let/make sb. do sth. 讓某人做某事 get sb. to do sth. 讓某人做某事 have/get sb. Doing 讓某人一直做某事 9. at war處于交戰(zhàn)狀態(tài) “at + n.”表示一種狀態(tài)或持續(xù)的活動: at peace處于和平狀態(tài) at church在做禮拜 at rest在休息 at breakfast/lunch/supper在吃早/午/晚飯 at table在吃飯 at sea在航海 at work在上班 at school在上學(xué) 【鏈接】 介詞in,under和on都可以與名詞連用,表示一種狀態(tài)或持續(xù)的活動,此時名詞前一般 不加冠詞。 in trouble處于困境(困難)中 on sale上市,出售 in danger在危險中 on holiday在度假,在休假中 under discussion在討論中 on fire著火,失火 under repairz在維修中 on duty值班 10. remove vt. (1) 移走;移開;移動;搬開 from從……搬走某物 remove sth. to把某物搬到…… into/out把某物搬入/搬出 (2) 除掉;清除(=get rid of) You’d better perform well to remove his doubt. 你最好好好表現(xiàn)來打消他的疑慮。 (3) 脫下(衣服等)(=take off);摘下 I recognized him after he removed his dark glasses. (4) 把……免職;開除 remove sb. from某人被免……職 11. less than少于,小于(某一數(shù)目或數(shù)量) 短語 符號 意義 less than ﹤ 少于 not less than ≥ 不少于,至于 no less than = 和……一樣,多達(強調(diào)多) more than ﹥ 多于;不僅僅 not more than ≤ 不多于,不超過,至多 no more than = 僅僅(強調(diào)少) 【辨析】no less than與not less than 易混詞組 辨析 例句 no less than “多達”(強調(diào)數(shù)量之多,相當于as much as) He has no less than 1 million dollars. 他的錢多達100萬美元。 not less than “至少”(強調(diào)下限,相當于at least) He has not less than 1,000 dollars. 他至少有1000美元。 12. doubt n. & v. (1) n. 懷疑,疑惑 There is no doubt that ... 毫無疑問…… There is no doubt about/of ... There is (some) doubt whether ... 對……持有疑問 【拓展】in doubt不肯定;沒把握 without/no/beyond doubt無疑地;確實 (2) v. 懷疑;不相信 doubt whether/if .. 懷疑是否…… I don’t doubt that ... 我確信…… 13. worth prep. & n. 值得的;相當于……的價值的 be worth doing 值得做 be worth +錢數(shù) 值……錢 be worth + n. 值得…… 【辨析】worth, worthy與worthwhile 易混詞 搭配 例句 worth be worth + n. /doing cosideration. The matter is worth cosidering. worthy of being done be worthy to be done of sth. consideration. of being considered. The matter is worthy to be considered. worthwhile It’s worthwhile to do/doing sth. to consider It is worthwhile the matter. considering 【注意】①worth后接動名詞時,用主動形式表示被動含義。 ②worth不能用very修飾,但可以用well修飾。 ③除作表語外,worth還可作后置定語。 West Lake is a place worth seeing. 西湖是個值得一看的地方。 14. evidence n. 證據(jù),根據(jù);證明 There is evidence that ... 有證據(jù)表明…… 15. rather than (1) 而不是 I decided to write rather than telephone. 我決定寫信而不是打電話。 (2) 與其……倒不如……;寧愿……而不愿…… He is an explorer rather than a sailor. 與其說他是一個海員,倒不如說他是一個探險者。 Rather than cause trouble, he left. 他不愿意惹麻煩,寧可離去。 【拓展】 prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.寧愿做某事也不愿做某事 would rather do sth. than do sth. /would do sth. rather than do sth. 寧愿做某事也不愿做某事 or rather更確切地說 【注意】 ①rather than有時相當于介詞,有時起連詞作用,其連接的兩個成分的詞性應(yīng)該一致。 ②rather than連接兩個不定式時,后一個常省略to,但rather than位于句首時,常跟不 帶to的不定式。 ③rather than連接兩個主語時,謂語動詞應(yīng)與rather than前面的主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持 一致,相同用法的還有:as well as,together with,with,besides等。 16. think highly of高度評價,認為……不錯;器重;看重 【拓展】 think much/well of器重/看重/贊賞 think ill/poorly/badly/little of認為……不好 think nothing of輕視;認為……無所謂 speak highly of高度評價/贊揚 speak well/ill of說……的好/壞話 17. debate n. & v. (1) n. 辯論;爭論;討論 under debate在辯論/討論中 a heated/lively debate一場激烈的爭論 beyond/without debate無可爭論 (2) v. (尤指正式)討論,辯論 sth. with sb. 同某人辯論/討論某事 debate wh- to do sth. 討論……做某事 on sth. 討論某事 【辨析】debate與argue ①debate側(cè)重“雙方各抒己見”,內(nèi)含“交鋒”的意思。 ②argue側(cè)重“說理”、“論證”和“企圖說服”。常用結(jié)構(gòu):argue sb. into/out of doing sth. 說服某人做/不做某事。 重點句子 1. Frederick WilliamⅠ, the king of Prussia, could never have imagined that his greatest gift to the Russian people would have such an amazing history. 普魯士國王腓特烈?威廉一世絕不 可能想到他送給俄羅斯人民的厚禮會有這樣一段令人驚訝的歷史。 2. However, the next King of Prussia, Frederick William Ⅰ, to whom the amber room belonged, decided not to keep it. 然而,下一位普魯士國王,腓特烈?威廉一世,這個琥珀屋的主人卻決定不要它了。 3. In return, the Czar sent him a troop of his best soldiers. 作為回贈,沙皇則送給他一隊自己最好的士兵。 4. Later, Catherine Ⅱhad the Amber Room moved to a palace outside St Petersburg where she spent her summers. 后來,葉卡捷琳娜二世派人把琥珀屋搬到圣彼得堡郊外她避暑的宮殿中。 5. In 1770 the room was completed the way she wanted. 1770年,這間琥珀屋按照她的要求完成了。 6. In less than two days 100,000 pieces were put inside twenty-seven wooden boxes. 在不到兩天的時間里,10萬個部件被裝進了27個木箱。 7. There is no doubt that the boxes were then put on a train for Knigsberg, which was at that time a German city on the Baltic Sea. 毫無疑問,這些箱子后來被裝上火車運往哥尼斯堡, 當時德國在波羅的海海邊的一個城市。 8. In groups discuss: Is it worth rebuilding lost cultural relics such as the Amber Room or Yuanmingyuan in Beijing? 分組討論:重建遺失的文化遺產(chǎn),如琥珀屋或北京的圓明園是值得的嗎? 9. An opinion is what someone believes is true but has not been proved. 看法是人們相信是真實的,但是未經(jīng)證實。 10. I think highly of those who are searching for the Amber Room. 我很欣賞那些尋找琥珀屋的人。 11. Nor do I think they should give it to any government. 我也認為他們不應(yīng)該把它交給任何政府。 Unit 2 The Olympic Games 重點單詞和短語 1. compete vi. 比賽;競爭 compete in參加……比賽 compete with/against與……競爭 compete for為……而競爭 2. stand for (1)代表;象征;(指縮寫或符號)是……的意思;表示 (2)容忍,忍受(用于否定句中) (3)支持,主張 【鏈接】 stand (doing) sth. 忍受(做)某事 stand by袖手旁觀,站在……一邊 stand out顯眼,引人注目 stand up for為……而站起來,支持,維護 stand on one’s own feet自立 3. volunteer (1) n. 志愿者;志愿兵 (2) vt. & vi. 自愿(做) volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事 volunteer for sth. 4. on a regular basis有規(guī)律地;定期地 【辨析】regular, normal與ordinary 易混詞 辨析 例句 regular “定期的,規(guī)則的”,指已有模式有定律的或定期的 You’d better take regular exercise. 你最好定期做運動。 normal “正常,標準的”,指不超過某種限度、符合某種標準或常規(guī)。return to normal恢復(fù)正常 The doctor said the child’s temperature was normal.醫(yī)生說孩子的體溫正常。 ordinary “普通的,平常的”,強調(diào)一般性和普通性,含不突出的意味。ordinary people普通人 He preferred to be treated as an ordinary worker. 他寧愿被當成普通工人看待。 on the basis of 以……為基礎(chǔ) 5. admit (1) 允許進入;讓……進入 admit sb. To/into允許某人進入……;吸引某人為……的成員 be admitted as作為……被接受(后接表示成員的名詞) (2) 容納(相當于hold, seat) (3) 承認;供認 admit (to) sth. 承認某事 admit (to) doing sth. 承認做過某事 admit +that-clause承認…… admit ... To be + adj./n.承認……是…… 6. responsibility n. 責(zé)任,職責(zé) a sense of responsibility責(zé)任感 take responsibility for對……負責(zé)任 take on the responsibility承擔(dān)責(zé)任 claim responsibility for聲稱對……負責(zé) 7. as much +不可數(shù)名詞+as和……(程度上)是一樣的 It is as much your responsibily as mine. 這件事你和我一樣都有責(zé)任。 【拓展】 (1) as much +不可數(shù)名詞/a(n) +可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)+as ... “和……(程度上)是一樣的(much 表程度)” It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as a science. 一般認為,教學(xué)既是一門藝術(shù),也是一門科學(xué)。 (2) 否定式:not as/so much ... as與其說是……不如說是…… He is not as much an actor as a TV host. 與其說他是演員,不如說他是電視節(jié)目主持人。 8. replace vt. 代替,取代;替換 replace ... with/by以……代替/替換…… take the place of=take one’s place替代,取代 【注意】 take the place of, in place of, instead of均可表示“代替”,但take the place of為動詞短語, 而in place of與instead of為介詞短語。 9. charge (1) n. 主管;費用 take charge of 負責(zé),接管 in charge of 主管,掌管 in the charge of=in one’s charge被掌管,由……負責(zé) charge for ……的收費 free of charge免費 (2) vt.收費,要價;指控,控告;起訴;指責(zé),譴責(zé) charge sb. some money for sth. 因某事而向某人收……錢 charge sb. with (doing) sth. 指控(控告、指責(zé))某人(做了)某事 10. advertise v. 為……做廣告;登廣告 advertise for為征求……登廣告 advertisement n. 廣告 11. gargain n. & vi. (1) n. 協(xié)議;交易 make a bargain with sb. About sth. 與某人就某事達成協(xié)議 (2) n. 便宜貨 a good/bad bargain交易合算/不合算 a real bargain真便宜;便宜貨 (3) vi. (與某人就某事)討價還價,講條件 Bargain with sb. Over/about/for sth.就某物與某人討價還價 12. pick up (1) 撿起;拾起 He picked up his hat and went away. 他拾起帽子,走開了。 (2) 學(xué)會,獲得(尤指偶然或無意中) She picked up French when she was in Paris. 在巴黎時,她學(xué)會了法語。 (3) (用車)去接 The bus stopped to pick up the passengers. 公共汽車停下來搭載乘客。 (4) 恢復(fù)(健康、精神);好轉(zhuǎn) A bite of something might pick you up. 吃一點東西也許能使你振作起來。 Business will pick up before summer. 夏天來到之前,生意將會好轉(zhuǎn)。 (5) 接收 I picked up Radip Beijing last night. 昨晚我收聽到了北京廣播電臺。 (6) 使增加;加快 The car is picking up speed. 汽車加速了。 13. one after another一個接一個地;陸續(xù)地 【辨析】one after another與one by one 易混詞組 辨析 例句 one after another 一個接一個地(強調(diào)連續(xù)性) The guests came out one after another. 客人們一個接一個地來了。 one by one 一個一個地(強調(diào)一次一個) Do these exercises one by one. 一道一道地做這些練習(xí)題。 14. deserve v.(不用于進行時態(tài))值得;應(yīng)得;應(yīng)受(報答或懲罰) to do 值得做……,應(yīng)該做…… deserv doing/to be done值得被做…… 重點句子 1. Only athletes who have reached the agreed standard for their event will be admitted as competitors. 只有達到他們各自項目統(tǒng)一標準的運動員才會被接受參加奧運會。 2. There’s as much competition among countries to host the Olympics as to win Olympic medals. 國與國之間爭取奧運會承辦權(quán)的競爭就跟爭奪奧運會獎牌一樣激烈。 3. It’s in the Summer Olympics that you have the running races, together with swimming, sailing and all the team sports. 跑步、游泳、劃船和所有團體項目是在夏季奧運會上進行的。 Unit 3 Computers 重點單詞和短語 1. It took + 一段時間 + before +從句 過了一段時間后才…… 【拓展】 It will (not) be + 時間段 + before + 從句(現(xiàn)在時) 要過一段時間后才……(用不了一段時間就……) It was (not) be + 時間段 + before + 從句(過去時) 過了一段時間后才……(每過一段時間就……) It will be half a year before you graduate from the school. 還有半年你才從這所學(xué)校畢業(yè)。 It was a long time before I understood what he did. 很長一段時間后我才理解他所做的事情。 2. solve vt. 解決;解答 【辨析】solve與settle 易混詞 辨析 例子 solve “解決”,側(cè)重給出問題的答案 a mystery/puzzle/problem solve 解決謎團/字謎/問題 difficulties解決困難 settle “解決”,其對象通常是某種爭端 a matter/quarrel解決事情/爭吵 settle an argument/issue解決爭論/問題 【單詞積累】 solution n. 解決,解答 solution to the problem 3. reality n. [U] 現(xiàn)實;真實;[C] 事實;實際經(jīng)歷;見過的事物 face/accept reality 面對/接受現(xiàn)實 out of touch with reality 脫離現(xiàn)實 with reality 真實地;逼真地 in reality 實際上 bring ... Back to reality 使……面對現(xiàn)實,不再抱有幻想 become a reality 變成現(xiàn)實 4. go by(時間)逝去,過去;走過,經(jīng)過;(機會等)輕易錯過 5. as a result 因此,結(jié)果 result from 由……引起;起因于 result in 導(dǎo)致,造成 6. application n. 應(yīng)用;用途;申請;請求 make an application (to sb.) for (向某人)申請…… an application form 申請表 【拓展】 apply v. 應(yīng)用;申請 apply ... to ... 把……應(yīng)用到…… apply oneself to 致力于;集中精力于 apply for 申請 apply to ... for ... 向……申請…… 7. anyhow adv. (1)(轉(zhuǎn)換話題、結(jié)束談話或回到原話題時說)無論如何,反正 Anyhow I don’t like it. 反正我喜歡它。 (2)而且,加之,反正 I don’t want to go out and anyhow it is raining. 我不想出去,而且天又在下雨。 (3)盡管,即使這樣 I am afraid we can’t come, but thanks for the invitation anyhow. 恐怕我們來不了,不過還是感謝邀請。 【注意】 anyhow作“無論如何;而且;即使如此”講時,可與anyway互換;somehow表示“以 某種方式;不知怎么地” 7. goal n. (1)目標;目的 set a goal 設(shè)定目標 achieve/realize/attain/reach a goal實現(xiàn)目標 (2)進球;得分;球門 score a goal 得分(踢進一球) keep goal守球門 8. of high quality 高質(zhì)量的 “of + 修飾詞(如high, great, little, some, no等)+抽象名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)除了用作定語,還常 用作表語,相當于形容詞的作用。如: be of great value = be very valuable be of great use = be very useful be of great interest = be very interesting 9 give away捐贈,贈送;分發(fā),頒發(fā);泄露,暴露 10. in a way = in one/some way在某種程度上 【鏈接】 in the way/in one’s way擋道,礙事 in this/that way以這種/那種方式 in any way在任何方面 by way of經(jīng)由…… in no way絕不,一點兒也不(置于句首時,句子要用部分倒裝) 11. arise vi. (arose, arisen) 出現(xiàn);發(fā)生,產(chǎn)生;引起;產(chǎn)生 arise from = result from因……產(chǎn)生 【辨析】arise, rise與raise 易混詞 詞性 過去式、過去分詞 詞義 例句 arise vi. arose, arisen 產(chǎn)生,發(fā)生;出現(xiàn) Most accidents arose from carelessness. 大部分事故是由疏忽大意引起的。 rise vi. rose, risen 升起來,上升 The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 太陽東升西落。 raise vt. raised,raised 舉起,使……上升 She raised her head and stared at them. 她抬起頭盯著他們看。 12. make up (1) 組成,構(gòu)成(常與of連用,并用被動形式) Eleven players make up a football team. (= A football team is made up of eleven players.) 11名運動員組成一個足球隊。 (2) 編造,虛構(gòu) I think they’re making up the whole thing. 我認為整件事情是他們編出來的。 (3) 化妝,打扮 She spent two hours making herself up before the party. 她在參加聚會前用了兩個小時化妝。 (4) 彌補(常與for連用) Hard work can make up for the lack of intelligence. 勤能補拙。 13. after all (1) 終究;歸根結(jié)底(表示結(jié)果與預(yù)想的不同;常置于句尾) I’m so sorry and I can’t go with you after all. 對不起,我終究還是不能和你一起去。 (2) 畢竟,別忘了(解釋或說明理由,常置于句首) It’s not surprising the boy has got a stomachache. After all, he has eaten too much. 那個男孩胃痛并不令人驚訝,別忘了,他吃得太多了。 14. watch over 看管,照顧;看守,監(jiān)視,守衛(wèi),保護 【鏈接】 “照顧”的多種表達 take care of look after care for attend to see to 重點句子 1. I developed very slowly and it took nearly two hundred years before I was built as an analytical machine by Charles Babbage. 我發(fā)育緩慢,差不多到了兩百年之后,查爾斯巴比奇才將我制成了一臺分析機。 2. As time went by, I was made smaller. 隨著時間的推移,我被弄得越來越小。 3. Since the 1970s many new applications have been found for me. 從20世紀70年代起,我又被開發(fā)出了很多新的用途。 4. Anyhow, my goal is to provide humans with a life of high quality. 不管怎樣,我的目標是給人類提供高質(zhì)量的生活。 5. The company has given its computers away to a local school. 該公司向當?shù)匾凰鶎W(xué)校捐贈了電腦。 6. She programs us with all the possible moves she has seen while watching human games. 她把觀看人類比賽時所看到的一切可能動作編入我們的程序。 7. In this way I can make up new moves using my “artificial intelligence”. 這樣,我就可以用我的“人工智能”編制出新的動作。 8. It should also watch over my naughty niece, who comes to my house very often. 它也應(yīng)該看護我那淘氣的外甥女,她經(jīng)常到我家來。 Unit 4 Wildlife protection 重點單詞和短語 1. decrease v. & n. (1) v. 降低,減少,(使)變小/少 in 在……方面減少 from ... to ... 從……減少到…… 搭配:decrease to 減少到…… by 減少了…… (2) n. 減少,減少的數(shù)量 (a/the) decrease in sth. 某物的減少 on the decrease在減少 【單詞積累】 increase 增加 2. die out (1)滅亡,滅絕 This species has nearly died out because its habitat is being destroyed. 因棲息地正受到破壞,這一物種已瀕臨滅絕。 (2)(風(fēng)俗、習(xí)慣)逐漸消失 Many old customs have died out because they are out of date. 因為已經(jīng)過時,許多舊的風(fēng)俗已經(jīng)消失。 【辨析】die out, die away, die off與die down 易混詞組 辨析 例句 die out (家族、物種等)死亡,滅絕;(風(fēng)俗、習(xí)慣)逐漸消失 Many old customs are gradually dying out. 許多舊習(xí)俗正逐漸消失。 die away (聲音、光線、風(fēng)等)逐漸平息、漸弱 The wind had died away by dusk. 黃昏時風(fēng)正逐漸減弱了。 die off (家族、種族等)相繼滅亡;(草木)先后枯死 The leaves of the tree are dying off. 樹葉正相繼枯死。 die down (火、興奮程度)漸弱,漸息;(=die away)(聲音、光線等)變?nèi)?、消? The noise has died down. 喧鬧聲逐漸消失了。 3. long to do sth. 渴望做某事 4. respond to sth. 對某事做出反應(yīng)/答復(fù)/回復(fù),回答/應(yīng)答……=reply to/answer respond to ... (with) (對……)報以……,回報…… 【拓展】 reponse n. 回答,答復(fù);反應(yīng) in response to 為……回答,響應(yīng) make (a) response to回答,對……做出回應(yīng) 5. loss n. 損失;遺失;喪失 suffer a loss (of) 蒙受(……的)損失 make up for the loss彌補損失 at a loss不知所措,不知如何是好 (be) lost in thought 陷入沉思 6. hunt v. & n. (1) 打獵;獵取 go hunting 去打獵 (2) 搜尋 hunt for 搜索,追尋,尋找 hunt sp. for 為尋找……搜索某地 be on the hunt for正在尋找,在尋求中 【鏈接】 “找,尋找”的多種表達法: hunt for, look for, search for, (be) in search of。 7. in peace = peacefully和平地;和睦地;安靜地 【鏈接】 at peace 和平地;安靜地(與at war相對) at peace/war with 與……處于和平/交戰(zhàn)狀態(tài) make peace with 與……講和/和解 8. in danger of在危險中;垂危 in danger處于危險中,垂危 out of danger 脫離危險 9. in relief如釋重負;松了口氣 【拓展】 relief n.(痛苦或憂慮的)減輕或解除;減輕痛苦的事物 to one’s relief令某人感到欣慰的是 with relief寬慰地 give sb. (some) relief(稍微)減輕某人的痛苦 10. burst into + n. 突然(進入某種狀態(tài));闖入 burst in 闖入;突然出現(xiàn);插嘴 burst out 突然……起來,……突然發(fā)生 【注意】 burst into后跟名詞,而burst out后應(yīng)跟doing。 burst into tears/laughter突然哭/笑起來 burst out crying/laughing突然哭/笑起來 11. mercy n. 仁慈,寬容,憐憫 show mercy to sb. = show sb. mercy同情、憐憫某人 have/take mercy on sb. 憐憫某人 beg for mercy乞求寬恕 without mercy毫不留情地;殘忍地 at the mercy of 任……處置;任由……擺布 It’s a mercy (that) ... 幸運的是…… 12. certain (1) 某個;某些(作前置定語) She left him for a certain reason. 因為某種理由她離開了他。 【注意】a certain表示“某一”,some也可表示“某一” (2) 確定的,一定(作表語,相當于sure) to do sth. 一定會做某事 be certain of/about (doing) sth. 對(做)某事有把握 【拓展】 make certain of/that ... 搞清楚,弄明白=make sure of/that for certain/sure確定;無疑 【注意】 ①certain可以用人作主語,也可用物作主語,還可以用it作形式主語。 sure通常用人作主語,不能用在以it作形式主語的句子中。 ②be sure to do sth. 祈使句中,一般不用certain。 13. protect ... from/against 保護……免受……;使……免受…… 14. contain vt. (1) 包含;容納;裝有;含有 (2) 抑制;控制;克制(強烈的情感) 【辨析】contain與include ①contain指某物裝在比其更大的物體內(nèi)。 ②include指某物為整體的一部分或要素。 The bottle contains olives. 瓶子里裝著橄欖。 The meal includes steak. 這頓飯包括牛排。 15. affect (1) 影響 The global warming affected the amount of rainfall here. 全球變暖影響了這里的降雨量。 (2) 使感動;激起(悲傷、憤怒、愛等情緒) The students were deeply affected by the story. 學(xué)生們被那個故事深深地感動了。 (3)(疾病)侵襲,感染 The disease is beginning to affect her eyesight. 疾病開始侵襲她的視力。 【辨析】affect, effect與influence 易混詞 詞性 辨析 例句 affect vt. 指產(chǎn)生的影響之大足以引起反應(yīng),著重“影響”的動作。有時含有“對……產(chǎn)生不利影響”的意思 The drought seriously affected the harvest. 干旱嚴重地影響了收成。 effect n.& v. 作名詞時指“效果,作用”;作動詞時指“產(chǎn)生,引起” This book effected a change in my opinion. 這本書使我的看法發(fā)生了變化。 influence n.& v. 指通過說服、舉例等對行動、思想、性格等產(chǎn)生不易覺察到的、潛移默化的影響 His writings have influenced the lives of millions of people. 他的作品影響了千百萬人的生活。 16. pay attention to 注意,關(guān)注 pay much attention to 非常注意 pay more attention to 更多關(guān)注 pay little/no attention to 很少/不注意 【拓展】 draw/attract/catch/get/one’s attention to 吸引某人對……的注意 fix/focus one’s attention on 將注意力集中于,專心于 devote one’s attention to 專心致志于 17. appreciate v. 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