高中英語必修一短語及句型.doc

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高中英語必修一短語及句型 Unit 1 Friendship be good to 對….友好 add up 合計 another time 改時間 get sth done 使…被做 calm down 鎮(zhèn)定下來 have got to 不得不 be concerned about 關(guān)心；掛念 walk the dog 遛狗 make a list of 列出 share sth with sb 和某人分享某物 go through 經(jīng)歷；仔細檢查 hide away 躲藏；隱藏 set down 放下；記下 a series of 一系列；一套 be crazy about 對…著迷 on purpose 故意 in order to/ so as to 為了 face to face 面對面地 according to 按照；根據(jù)…所說 get along with 與…相處 pack up 收拾，打理行裝 have trouble with sb/sth 同某人鬧意見；做…有困難 fall in love 相愛 throw away the friendship 放棄/終止友誼 try out 試驗；試用 join in 參加（活動） communicate with sb 和…交際 far and wide 到處 look to sth 注意，留心某事 cheat sb (out) of sth 騙取某人某物 have the/a habit of doing sth 有做…的習(xí)慣 be ignorant of 無知的 1. I wonder if… 我想知道是否…. 2. It’s because… 這是因為…. 此從句中because不能用since或as 代替 3. What do you think a good friend should be like? 你認(rèn)為一個好朋友應(yīng)該是什么樣的呢？ 4. While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car. =While you were walking the dog, …在遛狗時，你不小心讓狗掙脫了繩子，結(jié)果狗被車撞了。 （當(dāng)while, when, before, after 等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中的主語與主句的主語一致時，可將從句中的主語和be動詞省去。） 5. Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts? 你想有一位無話不談、能推心置腹的朋友嗎？ 6. I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. 我已經(jīng)很久不能去戶外，所以我變得對自然界的所有東西都很感興趣。 7. I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound. 我記得非常清楚，曾有一段時間，湛藍的天空、鳥兒的歌唱、月光和鮮花，從未使我心醉神迷過。 8. It was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face. 這是我一年半以來第一次目睹夜晚。 9. I would be grateful if you could give me some advice. 如果您給我提些建議，我會非常感謝的。 （I would be grateful if… 委婉客氣提出請求） 10. It’s a good habit for you to keep a diary. 記日記對你來說是個好習(xí)慣。 11. She found it difficult to settle and… 12. This series of readers is very interesting. 13. A friend in need is a friend indeed. 14. People are told that their actions should be as gentle as the wind that blows from the sea. Unit2 English around the world in…ways 在…方面 be different from 與…不同 play a role/ part (in) 在…中擔(dān)任角色；在…中起作用;扮演一個角色；參與 play an important role/ part 在…中起重要作用 because of 因為；由于 such as 例如 believe it or not 信不信由你 come up (vi) 走進；上來；發(fā)生；被討論 come up with 提出 come up to a place 參觀某地 ever before 從前 at the end of 在…末期 even if/ though 即使 be based on 在...基礎(chǔ)上 close to 距離…近 make (good/ full) use of （好好/充分）利用 change…into 把…變成 in the early days 在早期 from one place to another 從一處到另一處 take…with…隨身攜帶 the same…as 與…相同的 at present 目前 as a rule 通常；照例 be present at 在席；出席 carry out a rule 執(zhí)行規(guī)則 be absent from 缺席 be a native of 是…人 present sth to sb / present sb with sth be native to 是…的土產(chǎn)動物/植物 at sb’s request 應(yīng)某人的要求 have a command of掌握 make a request 請求 give commands 命令 request that …(should)+v原形 in one direction 朝一個方向 an international language 一門國際語言 an international organization 一個國際組織 in the 1600’s = in the 1600s as we know 正如我們所知 1. However, they may not be able to understand everything. （然而，他們可能不是什么都懂。） 2. This is because Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947. (這是因為英國于1765年到1947年統(tǒng)治過印度。) 3. All languages change when cultures communicate with one another. (當(dāng)不同文化互相溝通時，所有的語言都會發(fā)生變化。) 4. What the British call “petrol” the Americans call “gas”. (美國人把被英國人稱作“petrol”的東西稱作“gas”。 此處what引導(dǎo)賓語從句) 5. Actually, it was based more on German than present day English. (實際上，當(dāng)時的英語更多地是以德語為基礎(chǔ)的，而現(xiàn)代英語不是。) 6. …those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English. 7. The US is a large country in which many different dialects are spoken. (in which= where, 其引導(dǎo)定語從句。 美國是一個大國，國內(nèi)說著許許多多的方言。) 8. …there is more than one kind of English in the world. (more than one+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，作主語時，謂語用單數(shù)) 9. It is not easy for a Chinese person to speak English as well as a native English speaker. (對于一個中國人來說把英語說得跟以英語為母語的人一樣好是不容易的。) 句型：It is + adj/n+ for sb to do sth 對于某人來說做某事是… 擴充：It is + adj+ of /for sb to do sth 當(dāng)句式中形容詞修飾to do sth 時用for; 若形容詞修飾sb，則用of. eg: It’s kind of you to help me carry the box. 附： 1. either…or…和neither…nor…連接兩個名詞作主語，謂語動詞采取就近原則。 2. be different in 強調(diào)在某方面的不同 be different from 強調(diào)在各方面的不同 3. in the end 最后，最終 后無of 結(jié)構(gòu) 三個表示最后最終的用法： ⑴finally: 按照順序的最后，常與first, secondly 等連用 ⑵at last: 經(jīng)過長時間等待直到最后 ⑶in the end: 經(jīng)過長期曲折斗爭努力，終于… 如：戰(zhàn)爭等 4. 與人交談，常會有聽不清楚或聽不懂的情形，遇到這種情況該如何開口呢？ ⑴Pardon? ⑵I beg your pardon? I don’t understand./ Sorry, I can’t follow you. 對不起，我沒聽懂，請再說一遍好嗎？ ⑶Could you say that again, please? / Could you repeat that, please? 請再說一遍好嗎？ ⑷Could you speak more slowly, please? 請你說得慢一點好嗎？ 5. include ─ including; included identity ─ identify actually ─ actual (adj); rapidly ─ rapid (v) government (n) ─ govern(v) wide (adj) ─ widen (v); broad (adj) ─ broaden (v) foreign ─ foreigner; solve (v) ─ solution (n) 6. petrol------gas ; lift------elevator; flat------apartment film------movie; sweets----candy; post------mail Unit3 Travel Journal one-way fare 單程票 round-trip fare 往返票 dream of/ about doing sth 夢想做某事 graduate from 從…畢業(yè) go for long bike rides 做長途自行車旅行 persuade sb to do sth= persuade sb into doing sth 說服某人做某事 persuade sb not to do sth= persuade sb out of doing sth 說服某人不做某事 get sb interested in 使某人對… 感興趣 insist on (one’s) sth/ doing sth 一定要；堅持要 the best way of doing sth/ the best way to do sth 干某事的最好辦法 at an altitude of 在…海拔上 attitude to/ toward(s) 對…態(tài)度 care about 憂慮，關(guān)心 care for喜歡，照顧 care to do愿意/同意做某事 change one’s mind 改變主意 to my mind = in my opinion make up one’s mind to do 決心干某事 determine to do sth ( 動作) / be determined to do sth （心理） 決心干某事 give in (to) 投降；屈服；讓步 give in (vt) 上交 give up 放棄 give up doing/sth as usual 像往常一樣 at midnight 午夜 make camp 野營，宿營 put up one’s tents 搭起帳篷 sth be familiar to sb某事為某人所熟悉 sb be familiar with sth某人熟悉某事 can’t wait/ can hardly wait to do sth 迫不及待想干某事 for one thing… for another （用來引出某事的理由）一則… 二則… take one’s breath away 使某人大吃一驚 1. It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the Mekong River. 強調(diào)句基本句型：it is/ was…. that….其中指人時可用who(主)，whom(賓)。 2. Although she didn’t know the best way of getting to places, she insisted that we (should) find the source of the river. insist that….(should)+ v原形 堅持要；堅持要求 insist that….陳述語氣 堅持說；堅持認(rèn)為 3. Have you ever seen snowmen ride bicycles? (metaphor) 4. To climb the mountain road was hard work but to go down the hills was great fun. 5. Good luck on your journey. 6. The lake shone like glass in the moonlight. (simile) Unit4 Earthquakes have time to do 有時間做某事 happen to do 碰巧做某事 shake hands with sb 握手 burst into tears/ laughter burst out crying/laughing 突然哭/笑起來 in ruins 成為廢墟 cut across 穿過、橫穿 blow away 吹走、刮走 fall down 倒塌 rescue workers 救援人員 be pleased to do 樂意做某事 make/ give a speech 發(fā)表演說 judging….from 根據(jù)……來判斷 tens of thousands of 成千上萬 dig out 挖掘 a great/ large number of =a great many/good 大量的 be trapped in/ under 陷入……/ 陷在……下面 the high school speaking competition 高中演講比賽 have sb do sth= make sb do sth= let sb do sth 讓某人做某事 come to an end (vi) = put/ bring sth to an end = put/ bring an end to sth 結(jié)束某事 be proud of / take pride in 以……而自豪 invite sb to do sth 邀請某人做某事 think little of 對……評價低 invite sb for/ to sth think highly of 對……評價高 one-third 1/3 two-thirds 2/3 seventy-five percent 75% agree with sb give out 發(fā)出（氣味等）；分發(fā)；耗盡 agree to sth give off 發(fā)出（氣味等） agree to do sth give away 贈送；泄露 agree on sth 達成一致意見 give back 歸還 right away= right now= at once= immediately 立刻 as you know 正如你所知道的 be known as 作為……而知名 as is known to all 眾所周知 be known for 因……而出名 as could be expected 正如可以預(yù)料到的 it is useless doing sth 干某事是無用的 happen= take place= come about= break out 偶發(fā) 有計劃 偶發(fā) 戰(zhàn)爭等爆發(fā) 1. It is always calm before a storm. 2. Now, imagine there has been a big earthquake. 此句為There be 句型 3. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide. 現(xiàn)在分詞表伴隨 4. It seemed that the world was at an end. 5. Water, food and electricity were hard to get. 句型：主語+ be + adj + to do 其中to do 用主動形式表示被動含義 6. All hope was not lost. all 與not 連用 表示部分否定 7. It’s never too late to learn. 活到老，學(xué)到老。 附：分詞用法 之 作定語 falling leaves 正在落的葉子 boiling water 正在沸騰的水 fallen leaves 已經(jīng)落在地上的葉子 boiled water 開水 Unit5 Nelson Mandela----a modern hero lose heart 喪失勇氣 worry about 擔(dān)心（動作） lose one’s heart to sb/sth 愛上，喜歡上 be worried about 擔(dān)心（狀態(tài)） in trouble 處于不幸中 be sentenced to 被判處 be out of work = lose one’s job 失業(yè) be equal to 相等的，平等的 as a matter of fact = in fact = actually 事實上 beg for 乞討 blow up 充氣，爆炸 set up 建立，創(chuàng)立；設(shè)置，豎起 send up 發(fā)射，使上漲 set about 著手做某事 (set about doing sth) go up 上升，增長；被興建 set off 出發(fā)，動身 set up 設(shè)立，建立；設(shè)置，豎起 set out 陳列，擺出；開始（set out to do sth） be active in = take an active part in 積極參與，在……活躍 keep sb from doing sth阻止某人做某事 die for 為……而死 stop sb (from) doing sth die from 死于（外因） prevent sb (from) doing sth die of 死于（內(nèi)因 如：饑餓，寒冷，疾病等） put sb in prison= throw sb into prison= send sb to prison 把……投入監(jiān)獄 advise sb to do sth 建議某人做某事 advice 不可數(shù) a piece of advice advise doing sth fight for 為爭取……而斗爭 advise sb on sth fight against 為反對……而斗爭 advise that (should)+ v原 fight with 同……并肩作戰(zhàn)/ 同……斗爭 have problems/ difficulty/ trouble with sth work out 算出 have problems/ difficulty/ trouble (in) doing sth have a go= have a try be willing to do sth 樂于做某事 realize one’s dream of 實現(xiàn)…… 的夢想 answer violence with violence 以暴制暴 break the law 違反法律 come to power 當(dāng)權(quán)，上臺 social activities 社會活動 equal (adj)------equally (adv)------equality (n) violence (n)------violent (adj) cruelty (n)------cruel (adj)------cruelly (adv) educated (adj)------education (n) willing----unwilling 不愿意的 active----inactive 不活躍的 1. Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. only 放在句首且后接狀語時（作狀語：副詞；介詞短語；狀語從句），要使用部分倒裝------才用一般疑問句語序。 Only yesterday did his father tell him the truth. Only when his father came back did he go to bed. （從句無需倒裝，主句要倒裝） 2. He strongly believed in the three principles: nationalism; people’s rights; people’s livelihood. 他主張三民主義：民主、民權(quán)、民生。 3. I felt bad the first time I talked to the group. the first time 用法相當(dāng)于連詞用法，用來引導(dǎo)從句 鏈接：It’s the first time that 現(xiàn)在完成時 It was the first time that 過去完成時 4. He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evenings when we should have been asleep. should have done 本應(yīng)做而未做 needn’t have done 本不應(yīng)做而做了 can’t have done 過去不可能做過