動(dòng)詞的各種形式變化.doc
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一、動(dòng)詞單三形式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則:一般動(dòng)詞在詞尾加-s以字母s,x,ch,sh,o結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞加-es以元音字母+y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,直接加s 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,先變y為i,再加-es.二、規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式變化如下: 1)、一般情況下,動(dòng)詞詞尾加 -ed ,如: work -worked play-played wanted-wanted act-acted 2)、動(dòng)詞原形以(不發(fā)音的 )-e 結(jié)尾動(dòng)詞,動(dòng)詞詞尾加 -d,如: live-lived move-moved taste-tasted hope-hoped 3)、動(dòng)詞原形以“輔元輔”結(jié)尾,先雙寫詞尾輔音字母,再加 -ed(字母組合除外),如: stop -stopped (批注: 動(dòng)詞原形詞尾以“元音+-l, -r” ,并為重讀音節(jié)時(shí),雙寫r,l,再加-ed, 如:compel, travel, prefer , refer)4)、動(dòng)詞原形以輔音字母 + y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,把-y變?yōu)?i 再加-ed,如: study-studied copy-copied cry-cried carry-carried 動(dòng)詞原形以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的詞,直接加-ed,如:play-played enjoy- enjoyed stay-stayed過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成口訣: 過(guò)去分詞很好記,動(dòng)詞后綴加ed。 直接加、去e加、雙寫加。還有一點(diǎn)要注意,Y前元輔不統(tǒng)一。三、不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式的構(gòu)成 (不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式變化規(guī)律性不強(qiáng),須多加記憶。) 1. 英語(yǔ)中有些動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞形式變化不規(guī)則,可分為五種情況。1)動(dòng)詞原形、過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞完全同形。2) 動(dòng)詞原形與過(guò)去分詞同形 如:come(來(lái)) run(跑) become(成為)3) 動(dòng)詞原形與過(guò)去分詞同形give(給) fly(飛) drink(喝) see(看見) go(去) know(知道)4) 動(dòng)詞原形、過(guò)去式、過(guò)去分詞形式完全不同5) 過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞有兩種形式2. 不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式具體變化規(guī)則:1). 把動(dòng)詞原形中的i改為a,變成過(guò)去式。如: beginbegan,drinkdrank,givegave,ringrang,singsang,sitsat,swimswam 2).把重讀開音節(jié)中的i改為o,變成過(guò)去式。如: drivedrove,riderode,writewrote 3). 改動(dòng)詞原形中的aw ow為ew,變成過(guò)去式。如: drawdrew,growgrew,knowknew,throwthrew(動(dòng)詞show除外,showshowed) 4). 動(dòng)詞原形中的e改為o,變成過(guò)去式。如: getgot,forgetforgot 5). 動(dòng)詞原形中的ee改為e,變成過(guò)去式。如: feedfed,meetmet 6). 動(dòng)詞原形中的eep改為ept,變成過(guò)去式。如: keepkept,sleepslept,sweepswept 7). 動(dòng)詞原形中的eak改為oke,變成過(guò)去式。如: breakbroke,speakspoke 8)動(dòng)詞原形中的ell改為old,變成過(guò)去式。如: sellsold,telltold 9). 動(dòng)詞原形中的an改為oo,變成過(guò)去式。如: standstood,understandunderstood 10). 以ought和aught結(jié)尾,且讀音是 :t的過(guò)去式。如: bringbrought,buy bought,thinkthought,catchcaught,teachtaught 11). 以ould結(jié)尾且讀音為ud的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式。如:cancould, shallshould, willwould 12). 把動(dòng)詞原形中的o改為a,變成過(guò)去式。如: comecame, becomebecame 13). 在動(dòng)詞原形后加d或t變成過(guò)去式,并且發(fā)生音變。如: hearhi heardh :d, sayseisaidsed,meanmi:nmeantment 14). 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式與動(dòng)詞原形一樣。如: letlet,mustmust,putput,readreadred 15). 不符合上述規(guī)律的動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式。如: am,iswas, arewere, buildbuilt,dodid,eatate,fallfell,feelfelt,findfound, flyflew,gowent,have has had,holdheld,leaveleft,makemade, maymight, runran, seesaw, taketook 3. 過(guò)去式“-ed”的發(fā)音規(guī)則 (1)動(dòng)詞詞尾為“t,d”時(shí),發(fā)/ id /音, want wanted (要) need needed (需要) (2)動(dòng)詞詞尾為清輔音時(shí),發(fā)/ t / 音。 help helped (幫助) laugh laughed(笑) look looked (看) kiss kissed (吻) wash washed (洗) watch watched (注視) (3)動(dòng)詞詞尾為t,d以外之濁輔音或元音時(shí),發(fā)/ d /音。 call called (叫)staystayed (停留)crycried (哭)4. 提示a. beat的過(guò)去式與原形同形: 比:beat(打擊) beat(過(guò)去式) beaten(過(guò)去分詞)b. lie有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種,含義不同 比:lie lied, lied(說(shuō)謊) lay, lain(躺,位于)c. hang 有規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化兩種,含義不同比:hang hanged, hanged(處絞刑) hung, hung(掛,吊)d. welcome(歡迎)一詞是規(guī)則動(dòng)詞,不可誤用為不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞比:welcome welcomed, welcomed(正) welcome, welcome(誤)e.不要將不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞誤用為規(guī)則動(dòng)詞 比:hit(打) hit, hit(正) hitted, hitted(誤)5. 英語(yǔ)不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞記憶表1).AAA動(dòng)詞原形過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞意思costkstcostkstcostkst花費(fèi)cutktcutktcutkt割,切hurth:thurth:thurth:t受傷hithithithithithit打,撞letletletletletlet讓putputputputputput放下readri:dreadri:dreadri:d讀setsetsetsetsetset安排,安置spreadspredspreadspredspreadspred展開,傳播,涂spitspitspit/spatspitspit/spatspit吐痰,shuttshuttshutt關(guān)上, 閉起,停止?fàn)I業(yè)2).AAB動(dòng)詞原形 過(guò)去式 過(guò)去分詞 beatbi:t beatbi:t beatenbi:tn 打敗3).ABA動(dòng)詞原形過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞becomebikmbecamebikeimbecomebikm變comekmcamekeimcomekm來(lái)runrnranrnrunrn跑4).ABB(1)在動(dòng)詞原形后加一個(gè)輔音字母d, t或ed構(gòu)成過(guò)去式或過(guò)去分詞。 動(dòng)詞原形過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞burnb:nburntb:ntburntb:nt燃燒dealdi:ldealtdeltdealtdelt解決dreamdri:mdreamed/dreamtdreamed/dreamtdremt做夢(mèng)hearhiheardh:dheardh:d聽見hanghhanged/ hunghhanged/ hung絞死,懸掛learnl:nlearned/learntl:ntlearned/learntl:nt學(xué)習(xí)lightlaitlit/lightedlitlit/lightedlit點(diǎn)燃, 照亮meanmi:nmeantmentmeantment意思provepru:vprovedproven/provedpru:vn證明, 證實(shí),試驗(yàn)shineainshone/shinedshone/shinedun, n使照耀,使發(fā)光showushowedshowed/shownun展示, 給.看smellsmelsmelled/smeltsmeltsmelled/smeltsmelt聞, 嗅speedspi:dspedsped/speededsped/speededsped加速spellspelspelled/speltspeltspelled/speltspelt拼寫wakeweikwaked/wokewukwaked/wokenwukn醒來(lái),叫醒, 激發(fā)(2) 把動(dòng)詞原形的最后一個(gè)輔音字母“d”改為“t” 構(gòu)成過(guò)去式或過(guò)去分詞。 動(dòng)詞原形過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞buildbildbuiltbiltbuiltbilt建筑lendlendlentlentlentlent借給rebuild,ri:bildrebuilt,ri:biltrebuilt,ri:bilt改建, 重建sendsendsentsentsentsent送spendspendspentspentspentspent花費(fèi)(3)原形ought ought bringbribroughtbr:tbroughtbr:t帶來(lái)buybaiboughtb:tboughtb:t買fightfaitfoughtf:tfoughtf:t打架thinkikthought:tthought:t思考,想(4) 原形aught aughtcatchktcaughtk:tcaughtk:t捉,抓teachti:ttaughtt:ttaughtt:t教(5)變其中一個(gè)元音字母digdidugddugd掘(土), 挖(洞、溝等)feedfi:dfedfedfedfed喂findfaindfoundfound發(fā)現(xiàn),找到getetgottgot/gottentn得到holdhuldheldheldheldheld擁有,握住,支持leadli:dledledledled引導(dǎo), 帶領(lǐng), 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)meetmi:tmetmetmetmet遇見sitsitsatstsatst坐shootu:tshottshott射擊spitspitspit/spatsptspit/spatspt吐痰,stickstikstuckstkstuckstk插進(jìn), 刺入, 粘住,winwinwonwnwonwn贏(6)原形lt/pt/ftlt/pt/ftfeelfi:lfeltfeltfeltfelt感到keepki:pkeptkeptkeptkept保持leaveli:vleftleftleftleft離開sleepsli:psleptsleptsleptslept睡覺sweepswi:psweptsweptsweptswept掃 (7)其它layleilaidleidlaidleid下蛋, 放置paypeipaidpeidpaidpeid付sayseisaidsedsaidsed說(shuō)standstndstoodstudstoodstud站understandunderstood,ndstndunderstood,ndstnd明白loselu:zlostlst, l:stlostlst, l:st失去havehvhadhd, hd, dhadhd, hd, d有makemeikmademeidmademeid制造sellselsoldsuldsoldsuld賣tellteltoldtuldtoldtuld告訴retell,ri:telretold,ri:tuldretold,ri:tuld重講,重復(fù),復(fù)述5).ABC(1)原形過(guò)去式原形+(e)nblowblublewblu:blown吹drive draiv drovedruvdrivendrivn駕駛drawdr:drewdru:drawndr:n畫畫eati:tateet,eiteateni:tn吃fallf:lfellfelfallenf:ln落下giveivgaveeivgivenivn給growrugrewru:grownrun生長(zhǎng)forgivefivforgaveftforgiven原諒, 饒恕knownuknewnju:, nu:known知道m(xù)istakemisteikmistookmistukmistaken弄錯(cuò); 誤解,overeatuvi:toverate,uvreitovereaten(使)吃過(guò)量provepru:vprovedproven/proved證明,證實(shí), 試驗(yàn)taketeiktooktuktakenteikn, teikn拿throwruthrewru:thrownrun, run拋,扔rideraidroderudriddenridn騎seesi:saws:seensi:n看見showushowedshowed/shownun展示writeraitwroterutwrittenritn寫(2)原形過(guò)去式過(guò)去式+(e)nbreakbreikbrokebrukbrokenbrukn打破choosetu:zchosetuzchosentuzn選擇getetgottgot/gottentn得到hidehaidhidhidhiddenhidn隱藏forgetfetforgotftforgottenftn忘記freezefri:zfrozefruzfrozenfruzn冷凍,結(jié)冰,感到嚴(yán)寒speakspi:kspokespukspokenspukn說(shuō)stealsti:lstolestolenstuln偷(3) 變單詞在重讀音節(jié)中的元音字母“i”分別為“a”(過(guò)去式)和“u”(過(guò)去分詞)。ia u beginbiinbeganbinbegunbin開始drinkdrikdrankdrkdrunkdrk喝singsisangssungs唱sinksiksanksksunksk下沉, 沉沒(méi)swimswimswamswmswumswm游泳ringrirangrrungr打電話(4)其它 be(am, is, are)was/ werebeen是bearbboreb:born/borneb:n負(fù)擔(dān), 忍受dodu:, du:diddiddonedn做flyflaiflewflu:flownflun飛gouwentwentgonen去lielailayleilainlein躺wearwworew:wornw:n穿四、動(dòng)詞ing變化規(guī)則:1)、一般情況,直接+ing,例:work,working2)、以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾,去e+ing,例:hope,hoping;write,writing3)、動(dòng)詞原形以“輔元輔”結(jié)尾,先雙寫詞尾輔音字母,再加ing(字母組合除外),如: stop -stopping ( 批注:動(dòng)詞原形詞尾以“元音+-l, -r” ,并為重讀音節(jié)時(shí),雙寫r,l,再加-ing, 如:compel, travel, prefer , refer) 4)、以ie結(jié)尾,去ie變y+ing,例:die,dying;lie,lying;tie,tying(注意: see-seeing ;draw-drawing ;listen-listening ;develop-developing)現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成口訣: 現(xiàn)在分詞很好記,動(dòng)詞后綴-ing。 直接加、去e加、雙寫加。還有一點(diǎn)要注意,ie要用y來(lái)替。五、常見的雙寫詞尾輔音字母的單詞:begin,beginning swim,swimming run,running cut - cutting 切 put- putting 放 get - getting 得到,獲得 forget - forgetting 忘記 hit - hitting 打,擊,撞 win -winning 贏 spit - spitting 吐痰 hiccup - hiccupping 打嗝 sit - sitting 坐run - running 跑 split-splitting分裂 shut - shutting 關(guān)閉 shop -shopping 購(gòu)物 stop - stopping 停止 drop - dropping 落下 dig -digging 挖 plan - planning 計(jì)劃 let - letting 讓 step - stepping 踩,踏 trip - tripping 絆倒 rob - robbing 搶劫 set - setting 設(shè)置 dip- dipping 浸 nod - nodding 點(diǎn)頭 fit - fitting 合適 fret - fretting 使煩惱 kidnap - kidnapping 綁架 nap - napping 小睡,打盹 regret - regretting 后悔 pop- popping 爆開 prop-propping 支撐 rot-rotting 腐 spot-spotting 玷污 slip-slipping 滑倒 wrap-wrapping包裝 babysit - babysitting 臨時(shí)照看嬰兒 mop - mopping 用拖把拖洗, 擦, 抹- 1.請(qǐng)仔細(xì)閱讀文檔,確保文檔完整性,對(duì)于不預(yù)覽、不比對(duì)內(nèi)容而直接下載帶來(lái)的問(wèn)題本站不予受理。
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