2019高考英語 基礎(chǔ)保分篇 第四講 介詞講與練 新人教版.doc

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第四講　介詞 第一課時　知識過關(guān)課 讀語篇，悟語法。反復(fù)朗讀下列短文，領(lǐng)悟畫線黑體部分。思考：什么詞前用介詞；有哪幾類介詞；介詞的搭配要注意什么。 Born in[1] Beijing, Yuan Longping graduated from[2] Southwest Agricultural College in China in[3]1953, and since[4] his graduation he has devoted himself to[5] agricultural education and research. His pioneering research has helped rid China of[6] hunger within[7] three decades. In 1973, in[8] cooperation with others, he was able to cultivate a type of hybrid rice species which had great advantages over[9] others and whose output would increase by[10] 20 percent than that of mon ones. With[11] higher yields than previous varieties, Professor Yuan’s new crop，regarded as[12] the fifth invention after[13] China’s Four Major Inventions, has quickly improved China’s food supply. Without[14] any hesitation, he shared his knowledge and technology with foreign scientists, so farmers in more than ten other countries besides[15] China have thus benefited from[16] his work, gaining access to[17] his technology. In[18] return, he was awarded many international awards for his great achievements. In his spare time, Dr. Yuan loves playing the violin and listening to music. Every night，he reads for[19] half an hour about[20] various topics before he goes to sleep. But he cares for nothing more than his research and he goes to the fields twice a day by[21] motorbike, which has left a strong impression on[22] us. 1.in地點(diǎn)介詞，在某個城市、國家等范圍較大的地點(diǎn)前用in；小地點(diǎn)，如station，airport，corner等前面常用at。 2.從某所學(xué)校畢業(yè)用graduated from。 3.年、月前用in。 4.since“自……以后，從……以來”，表示某情況自過去某時間點(diǎn)或某個事件以來一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，謂語動詞通常使用完成時。 5.介詞to與動詞devote構(gòu)成詞組devote oneself to表示“某人致力于某事”。 6.rid sb of表示“使某人擺脫”。 7.介詞within后面接一段時間，表示“不超過，在……的范圍內(nèi)”。 8.固定搭配in cooperation with表示“與……合作”。 9.固定搭配have advantages over表示“比……有優(yōu)勢”。 10.by后接數(shù)量詞，表示……的幅度。 11.with表示“有”。 12.as表示“作為”。 13.after表示“在……之后”。 14.詞組without any hesitation表示“毫不猶豫地”。 15.besides表示“除了……外，還”。 16.benefit from表示“從……中受益”。 17.access后常接介詞to構(gòu)成詞組access to表示“可獲得/利用某物或到達(dá)某地”。 18.in return，表示“反過來，作為報答”。 19.for表示某事持續(xù)了一段時間。 20.about關(guān)于；在……方面。 21.by乘(交通工具)。 22.leave a strong impression on sb給某人留下深刻的印象 Ⅰ.單句填空(請?zhí)钊?個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~) 1.So, I just looked at her with a questioning expression on my face. 2.During the winter, they remind themselves，“This won’t last long; we’ll soon be out of here.” And on the first warm day, the ants are out. 3.The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds and all the other students wondered what the boy would do. 4.I didn’t want to be laughed at for talking to him but I didn’t like leaving him on his own either. 5.His teacher took a deep drink and thanked his student very much for the sweet water. The young man went home with a happy heart. 6.Jane stopped where a small crowd of men had gathered. She found some good quality pipes on sale. 7.When Jane got home, with her small but well－chosen present in her bag, her parents were already at table having supper. 8.He was very tired after/from doing this for a whole day. 9.I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to who should have the honour of receiving me as a guest in their house. 10.When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in the village, I wanted to reward the old woman for the trouble I had caused her. 11.I once took a walk along the street on a Saturday dusk，with a Pepsi can in my hand. 12.We should take some measures to fight against pollution. 13.During one visit to the Pacific islands of Tonga, a specially－prepared dinner was arranged in her honour. 14.We’d better discuss everything in detail before we work out the plan. 15.Try on this red skirt; you will look great in it. Ⅱ.單句改錯(下列每句中最多有兩處錯誤，每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改，請指出并改正。) 1.I worked like a postman for a short time, but I am afraid of dogs and I had a lot of trouble.like→as 2.No sooner had I got off my bicycle than a large dog ran towards the gate, barking loudly to me.to→at 3.The terrible－looking dog picked the card immediately and carried it in the house. The dog was a good postman.in→into 4.In a very cold and windy morning, Miss Jones walked to the school, and the cold wind went into her eyes, and big tears began rolling out of them.In→On 5.In my surprise, two fire engines were outside my house.In→To 6.I told about the firemen that it was my careless cooking that caused the heavy smoke.去掉about 7.Paddy and I wanted to go off for help, but Mike insisted staying near the car.在insisted后加on 8.Japan is known for the land of the cherry blossom (櫻花) because of in the spring of the year the cherry trees are so beautiful.for→as；去掉because后的of 9.As is known by all, the Internet is playing a more and more important part on our daily life.by→to；on→in 10.Under his help, I have made rapid progress and caught up the class.Under→With；在caught__up后加with Ⅲ.翻譯句子 1.通過這樣做，我不僅能與其他人更好地交流，而且變得開朗了。(by doing...；share...with...) By__doing__so,__I__can__not__only__municate__well__with__others__but__also__I__bee__outgoing. 2.首先，因為我的英語很流利，我認(rèn)為我適合這項工作。(because of；be suitable for) Firstly,__because__of__my__fluent__English,__I__think__I__am__very__suitable__for__this__job. 3.同時，我要把保護(hù)環(huán)境整潔健康看作是我的職責(zé)。(at the same time；regard it as one’s duty to do....) At__the__same__time,__I__will__regard__it__as__my__duty__to__keep__our__environment__clean__and__healthy. 4.他對所有人及自己所做的任何事情都嚴(yán)格要求，這讓他深受人們的愛戴。(be strict with...in...；which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句) He__was__strict__with__everybody__and__in__everything__he__did,__which__makes__him__deeply__loved__and__respected. Ⅳ.語篇填空(在空格處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~) Mr. Brown was going away 1.________ a week. Before he left, he said to his son, “If anyone asks 2.________ me，you can tell him that your father has been out 3.________ doing something, and will be back 4.________ a week, then be sure to ask him to sit down 5.________ a cup of tea. ” “OK, Dad，” said his son. But he was afraid his son couldn’t remember this, he wrote these words down 6.________ a piece of paper and gave it 7.________ him. His son put it 8.________ his small pocket, took it out and looked 9.________ it every now and then. Four days passed, but no one came to see his father. The boy thought that there was no man to e and that the piece of paper was 10.________ no more use for him, so he burnt it that evening. The next afternoon, someone knocked 11.________ the door. The boy opened it. A man was standing 12.________ the door and said, “Where is your father？” The boy put his hand into his pocket 13.________ once and looked 14.________ the piece of paper. He could not find it. He suddenly remembered he had burnt it, so he shouted，“No more.” The man asked 15.________ surprise, “No more? I met your father last week. When did it happen？” 【語篇導(dǎo)讀】　本文是個笑話，笑料在于no more有“沒有了”“死了”等不同含意。 1.for　[表示持續(xù)多久，用“for＋時間段”。] 2.for　[ask for sb意為“找某人”。] 3.for　[表示目的，此處for doing相當(dāng)于to do。] 4.in　[表示過多久后將會做某事，用“in＋時間段”。] 5.for　[表示目的用for，此處相當(dāng)于to have。] 6.on　[表示“在紙上”寫下來。] 7.to　[“把某物給某人”是give sth to sb。] 8.into　[將紙條“放入”口袋里。] 9.at　[look at表示“看”。] 10.of　[of use＝useful。] 11.at　[knock at the door表示“敲門”。] 12.at　[at the door表示“在門口”。] 13.at　[at once表示“立即，馬上”。] 14.for　[look for表示“尋找”。] 15.in　[表示“驚奇地”用in surprise。] 第二課時　高考研究課 介詞在語法填空中的考查點(diǎn) 規(guī)律方法 1.熟練掌握常見介詞及短語的意義和用法； 2.正確理解語境所提供的信息。 真題驗證1 1.It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the roads above as they travelled to and ________ work.(2017全國卷Ⅱ) 答案　from　[to and from往返，來回，來來往往。to and from work上下班。] 2.This trend，which was started by the medical munity(醫(yī)學(xué)界) ________ a method of fighting heart disease，has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical munity was trying to fight.(2017全國卷Ⅰ) 答案　as　[此處指作為一種抵抗心臟病的方法。as表示“作為”。] 3.After school she plans to take a year off to model full－time before going to university to get a degree ________ engineering or architecture.(2017全國卷Ⅲ) 答案　in　[名詞degree意為“學(xué)位”，后面應(yīng)該跟介詞in，表示“在……方面”。a degree in engineering or architecture意為“工程學(xué)或建筑學(xué)學(xué)位”。] 4.Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat ________ their hands.(2016全國卷Ⅲ) 答案　with　[with意為：使用。] 5. But my connection with pandas goes back ________ my days on a TV show in the mid－1980s.(2016全國卷Ⅰ) 答案　to　[go back to意為：追溯到……。] 6.Most of us are more focused ________ our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. (2016全國卷Ⅱ) 答案　on　[be focused on意為：集中注意力于……。] 7. For those who fly to Guilin, it’s only an hour away ________ car and offers all the scenery of the better－known city.(2015全國卷Ⅰ) 答案　by　[by car意為：乘坐小汽車。] 8. When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough to cool the house during the hot day；________ the same time, they warm up again for the night.(2015全國卷Ⅱ) 答案　at　[at the same time意為：同時。] 介詞在短文改錯中的考查點(diǎn) 規(guī)律方法 解決短文改錯中的介詞錯誤，主要注意以下幾點(diǎn)： 1.在習(xí)慣搭配中介詞的使用是相對固定的，不能隨意改動； 2.及物動詞后直接跟賓語，無需加介詞； 3.不及物動詞后跟賓語時應(yīng)加相應(yīng)的介詞； 4.正確理解語境中介詞的意義。 真題驗證2 1.They have also bought for some gardening tools.(2017全國卷Ⅱ)________ 答案　去掉for　[及物動詞buy后不加介詞。] 2.It was a relief and I came to a sudden stop just in the middle on the road.(2017全國卷Ⅰ)________ 答案　on→of　[in the middle of在……中間。] 3.When I look at this picture of myself, I realize of how fast time flies.(2017全國卷Ⅲ)________ 答案　去掉第二個of　[realize是及物動詞，后面直接跟賓語從句how fast time flies。] 4.My uncle says that he never dreams being rich in a short period of time.(2016全國卷Ⅰ)________ 答案　dreams后加of　[dream of意為：夢想……。] 5.Now I am leaving home to college.(2016全國卷Ⅲ)________ 答案　to→for　[leave (...) for...意為：離開(……)到某地。] 6.Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted.(2015全國卷Ⅰ)________ 答案　on→with　[with the development of意為：隨著……的發(fā)展。] 7.Tony saw a toy on a shop window.(2015全國卷Ⅱ)________ 答案　on→in　[“在一家商店的櫥窗里”應(yīng)該使用介詞in a shop window。]