2019-2020年高考英語一輪 語法專題3 非謂語動(dòng)詞01 譯林牛津版.doc

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2019-2020年高考英語一輪 語法專題3 非謂語動(dòng)詞01 譯林牛津版高考預(yù)練1. Having received_ training of the MS. pany, he was offered important position in management.A. the;an B. 不填;an C. the;不填 D. a;a2. The customer bargained with the shopkeeper for a long time, and finally they agreed _ the price.A. to B. with C. on D. at3. The plan _just because people were unwilling to cooperate (合作).A. broke down B. pulled down C. turned down D. put4. Whether ways will be found to stop pollution or not is just_ worries the public.A. why B. which C. that D. what5. -Im sorry, I shouldnt have been so rude to you.-You_ your temper but thats OK.A. have lost B. had lost C. did lose D. were losing6. -Shall Mary e and play puter games?-No,_ she has finished her homework.A. when B. if C. unless D. once7. -Im going downtown.-e on.A. Ill give you a lift B. You are weleC. Dont do that D. e with me8. It is only when you nearly lose someone _ you fully realize how much you value him.A. do B. then C. will D. that9. I can guess you_ your sweater inside out.A. had worn B. wore C. are wearing D. were wearing10. Beijing government puts more than 700 million yuan to increase its green space this year,_ doubles the money provided last year.A. as B. while C. that D. which11. -Oh, must you? Stay a longer. Its been such fun having you-_. Ive got an early start tomorrow morning.A. No problem B. All right C. Thanks anyway D. Never mind12. Children under six are not _to school except those of extraordinary intelligence (智力超常).A. permitted B. admitted C.accepted D. received13. Now then, children, its time you_.A. washed and dressed B. are washed and dressedC. will wash and dress D. were washed and dressed14. In the middle of the room stands a_ table.A. beautiful wooden round B. round wooden beautifulC. accepted D. received D. beautiful round wooden15. -Are you sure to help me find_ bed for my new house?-Of course, but not now. Im heading, for_ bed and a good sleep.A. a,a B. a,不填 C. the,a D. a, the答案與解析15 ACADC 610 CADCD 1115 CBDDB 1A本題為定冠詞的考查。前面一空后有of the MSpany修飾，所以為特指，而后面一空為泛指，所以用an。2C本題既是介詞的考查，也是固定搭配的考查。agree with后接人或what引導(dǎo)的短語，agree to后接動(dòng)詞原形，agree on sth表示在某一方面達(dá)成一致，沒有agree at的用法。3A本題為詞語的辨析。break down指失敗，(車等)拋錨；pull down指推倒；turn down指拒絕；put down指放下。4D本題為what引導(dǎo)的表語從句，從句中缺少主語，所以用what。5C本題是情境中的時(shí)態(tài)考查。問句中提供的信息表明lose temper的行為發(fā)生于過去，所以選C。6C本題只要理解了句意就能很容易地選出unless。句意為：“瑪麗要來打電腦游戲嗎?”“不，除非她完成了作業(yè)?！?A本題是交際用法的考查。仔細(xì)讀題并發(fā)現(xiàn)只有“Ill give you a lift”(我順路帶你去)最合題意。8D這是強(qiáng)調(diào)句的考查。強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是that后的句子的時(shí)間狀語。9C本題是時(shí)態(tài)的考查。因?yàn)檎f話人說“你把毛衣穿反了”指的是當(dāng)時(shí)的情形，所以用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。10D本題是非限定性定語從句，which替代逗號(hào)前的整個(gè)句子。11C本題還是交際用語的考查。理解問句的含義，就知道答句的意思應(yīng)為“謝謝，但我明天一早就出發(fā)?！彼灾挥蠧項(xiàng)符合題意。12B本題考查詞語辨析。permit為允許，通常指法律或規(guī)定，accept意為接受，receive意為收到，be admitted t0 school是慣用法。13D本題的正確解答需掌握：“it is time that后接的句子用一般過去時(shí)，wash 和dress都為及物動(dòng)詞，后無賓語所以用被動(dòng)。14D本題考查形容詞的詞序。記住名詞前最近的修飾詞是有關(guān)它的質(zhì)地的形容詞，所以可以直接選出D。15B前一空泛指一張床，所以用a；后一空head for bed為慣用法，意為“去睡覺”。在句中充當(dāng)除謂語以外句子成分的動(dòng)詞形式叫做非謂語動(dòng)詞。非謂語動(dòng)詞分為三種形式：不定式(作主語、賓語、定語、狀語、補(bǔ)足語和表語)、動(dòng)名詞(作主語、表語、賓語和定語）和分詞（作定語、補(bǔ)足語、狀語和表語），分詞包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞。從時(shí)間關(guān)系上看，不定式表未來，現(xiàn)在分詞表進(jìn)行，過去分詞表完成，同時(shí)注意不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式也表完成(尤其是表示有明顯的先后關(guān)系的完成)；從主動(dòng)與被動(dòng)來看，不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)，過去分詞表被動(dòng)，同時(shí)注意不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式也表被動(dòng)(不定式的被動(dòng)式在表被動(dòng)的同時(shí)還兼表未來，現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式表被動(dòng)的同時(shí)還兼表進(jìn)行)?？键c(diǎn)一非謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的基本用法1不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞或動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)作若發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之前，就用完成式，否則，用一般式。不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞或動(dòng)名詞與其邏輯主語若是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，就用主動(dòng)式，否則，用被動(dòng)式。要注意此處的完成式并不等同于謂語動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，相對(duì)于現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成，它只強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的先后關(guān)系。They worked day and night，sending supplies to the flooded areas.（雖然send動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，但相對(duì)于work來說卻是同時(shí)的不是發(fā)生在它之前）Not having received the call，Tom returned home.（顯然是先未接到電話，然后又回家，有明顯的先后關(guān)系）2being done所表示的時(shí)間概念并非全是正在進(jìn)行，要分清是現(xiàn)在分詞還是動(dòng)名詞。Being exposed to the sun for so long will do harm to our skin.（只強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作是被動(dòng)，為動(dòng)名詞作主語，并不表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行）The problem being discussed is very important.（強(qiáng)調(diào)被動(dòng)、進(jìn)行，此處是現(xiàn)在分詞，表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行）3判斷語態(tài)時(shí)學(xué)會(huì)找非謂語的邏輯主語：作定語時(shí)，被修飾的詞是其邏輯主語；作狀語時(shí)，句子的主語是其邏輯主語；作補(bǔ)語時(shí)，句子的賓語或主語是其邏輯主語。若是系動(dòng)詞則一定用主動(dòng)式，或是非謂語形式后面接賓語也多為主動(dòng)式。The teacher came in，following our monitor.考點(diǎn)二分詞與不定式作狀語的區(qū)別1作目的狀語和結(jié)果狀語的通常是不定式，分詞一般作時(shí)間狀語、原因狀語、條件狀語和伴隨狀語。不定式放句首作狀語，只表目的；作結(jié)果狀語時(shí)表示出乎意料的、令人不愉快的結(jié)果。而現(xiàn)在分詞不能表示目的，作結(jié)果狀語時(shí)也表示伴隨謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作的發(fā)生而產(chǎn)生的自然結(jié)果（同時(shí)發(fā)生），有時(shí)在前面加上thus，謂語動(dòng)詞與現(xiàn)在分詞是因果關(guān)系。To catch the train，he got up early.But he reached the station only to be told that the train was delayed.2要注意非謂語動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語為句子的主語。因此要注意主語前后一致。To improve English，his father bought him many books.（）（improve的邏輯主語為he，而不是his father）Walking in the street，a car knocked the boy down.（）（walk的邏輯主語為the boy，而不是a car）3不定式可以跟在表示“喜、怒、哀、樂”的形容詞后面作原因狀語或用于too.to do sth.，so.as to do sth.，enough.to do sth.等結(jié)構(gòu)中作結(jié)果狀語。I am happy to meet you here.The boy is old enough to go to school.4獨(dú)立成分作狀語，其形式不受前后文的影響。considering.（鑒于/考慮到）；generally speaking（總的來說）；judging by/from.（從來看，依據(jù)來判斷）；supposing that.（假定）；providing that.（假定）；owing to.（由于）；talking/speaking of.（談及）；given.（考慮到）；provided that.（如果）；to tell the truth（實(shí)話實(shí)說）；to be honest（老實(shí)說）。Generally speaking，it is hot in summer in this area.考點(diǎn)三不定式和分詞作補(bǔ)語的區(qū)別1表示感覺的動(dòng)詞，可以簡(jiǎn)單歸納為：一感（feel）二聽（hear，listen）三讓（let，make，have）四看（see，watch，notice，observe等），其后可以跟不帶to的不定式或者分詞作賓補(bǔ)。不定式表示動(dòng)作的全過程，說明某事已發(fā)生；用現(xiàn)在分詞表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，還未結(jié)束?，F(xiàn)在分詞和賓語之間存在邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系；用過去分詞表示被動(dòng)和完成，時(shí)間性不強(qiáng)。過去分詞和賓語之間存在邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系。I saw my mother crying，which made me puzzled.2find，leave（使處于某種狀態(tài)），keep（使保持某種狀態(tài)）后一般跟分詞作補(bǔ)足語，而不跟動(dòng)詞不定式。What you said left me thinking.3常用不定式作賓補(bǔ)的詞：wish，want，ask，require/request，order，warn，allow/permit，forbid，expect，remind，encourage，inspire，call on，depend on等。We depend on you to help us out of trouble.考點(diǎn)四非謂語作定語的區(qū)別1不定式作定語。不定式作定語常表示該動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生；被修飾的詞為ability，chance，idea，fact，promise，attempt，belief等抽象名詞時(shí)一般用不定式作定語；不定式常用于不定代詞或被the first/next/only/last等修飾的名詞后作定語；如果作定語的不定式與被修飾的名詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，在不及物動(dòng)詞后通常要加上適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。He will attend the meeting to be held tomorrow.He has bee the first to go abroad in our town.He wanted to find a place to live in.2動(dòng)名詞作定語。動(dòng)名詞作定語表示被修飾詞的用途，與被修飾詞之間不存在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。A sleeping pill will help you to fall asleep quickly.3現(xiàn)在分詞作定語。當(dāng)被修飾的名詞與分詞為主動(dòng)關(guān)系時(shí)，用v.ing形式；當(dāng)為被動(dòng)關(guān)系且表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行時(shí)用being過去分詞；當(dāng)被修飾的名詞與分詞為被動(dòng)關(guān)系且動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成時(shí)，要用過去分詞形式，現(xiàn)在分詞的完成時(shí)不作定語。現(xiàn)在分詞作定語一般要求其動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或在說話時(shí)該動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行，否則就用定語從句。Three days later I received a letter offering me the job.The houses being built are for the students.4過去分詞作定語。過去分詞作定語與被修飾詞之間存在邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示動(dòng)作已完成。及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作定語表示被動(dòng)完成，少數(shù)不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞作定語只表示完成，不表被動(dòng)。The retired worker was sweeping the fallen leaves on the road.考點(diǎn)五非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓語的區(qū)別1通常跟不定式作賓語的詞有：afford，agree，want，wish，hope，refuse，manage，ask，offer，promise，pretend，decide，learn，determine，expect，beg，choose，intend，attempt，fail，claim，long（v.），plan，prepare，would like（love），prefer，seek等。Dont pretend to be reading.2通常跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語的詞有：acknowledge，admit，appreciate，avoid，consider，delay，dislike，enjoy，feel like，finish，imagine，keep，mention，mind，miss，practice，resist，risk，suggest，stand等。Im considering buying a new car.3有些動(dòng)詞的后面可用不定式或動(dòng)名詞作賓語，但是意義有別。這些動(dòng)詞有：forget，remember，regret，mean，stop，try，cant help，go on等。Dont forget to call me.（別忘記給我打電話。）I forgot meeting you here.（我忘記在這里遇見過你了。）4need，want，deserve，require（表示需要，值得）動(dòng)名詞表被動(dòng)意義，相當(dāng)于用不定式的被動(dòng)式。The man who wanted to steal money deserved punishing.5在like，hate，prefer等動(dòng)詞后，表示具體的、一次性的或?qū)淼膭?dòng)作用不定式；表示一般的、泛指的或習(xí)慣性的行為用動(dòng)名詞。I like watching TV，but I dont like to do that this evening because I am too busy.考點(diǎn)六獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)是英語中的一個(gè)特殊短語結(jié)構(gòu)，它只有邏輯上的主語（名詞或代詞充當(dāng)）和謂語（一般用分詞、不定式、形容詞、副詞、數(shù)詞、介詞短語來充當(dāng)），而沒有語法意義上的主語和謂語，主要用于書面語中，在口語中不常用，在句子中起狀語作用，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)狀語從句，表示時(shí)間、原因、方式、條件、伴隨情況等，用于修飾整個(gè)句子?！皐ith賓語賓語補(bǔ)足語”也是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的一種形式。The weather being so fine，we decided to go for an outing.With you to help us，we will make much progress.考點(diǎn)七不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義1在“be表示特征、性質(zhì)的形容詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中；該結(jié)構(gòu)中常用的形容詞有：easy，hard，difficult，important，impossible，interesting，pleasant，nice，fortable，safe，dangerous，cheap，fit，heavy，happy，glad，pleasant，sorry，lucky，surprised，angry，able，right，ready，clever，foolish，quick，slow，polite，wrong等。這類形容詞往往說明產(chǎn)生這種特性或情緒的原因。要注意不定式當(dāng)中動(dòng)詞要用主動(dòng)式，且是及物動(dòng)詞或是“不及物動(dòng)詞介詞”的形式。He is easy to get along with.2不定式與疑問詞連用時(shí)。I dont know what to do.3某些動(dòng)詞（如blame/seek/let等）的不定式與be動(dòng)詞連用時(shí)。He is to blame for the accident.考點(diǎn)八固定句式1It is/was no use/good doing sth.2It is/was of little use/good doing sth.3It is/was not any use/good doing sth.4There is no point in doing sth.5There is no possibility of doing sth.It is no good reading such books.There is no point in waiting for him.