I摘 要搬運(yùn)機(jī)械手是工業(yè)機(jī)器人系統(tǒng)中傳統(tǒng)的任務(wù)執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)，是機(jī)器人的關(guān)鍵部件之一。搬運(yùn)機(jī)械手的機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)采用滾珠絲桿、滑桿、等機(jī)械器件組成；電氣方面有交流電機(jī)、變頻器、傳感器、等電子器件組成。該裝置涵蓋了可編程控制技術(shù)，位置控制技術(shù)、檢測(cè)技術(shù)等，是機(jī)電一體化的典型代表儀器之一。本文介紹的搬運(yùn)機(jī)械手是由 PLC 輸出三路脈沖，分別驅(qū)動(dòng)橫軸、豎軸變頻器，控制搬運(yùn)機(jī)械手橫軸和豎軸的精確定位，微動(dòng)開(kāi)關(guān)將位置信號(hào)傳給 PLC 主機(jī)；位置信號(hào)由接近開(kāi)關(guān)反饋給 PLC 主機(jī)，通過(guò)交流電機(jī)的正反轉(zhuǎn)來(lái)控制搬運(yùn)機(jī)械手手爪的張合，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)搬運(yùn)機(jī)械手精確運(yùn)動(dòng)的功能。本課題擬開(kāi)發(fā)的物料搬運(yùn)機(jī)械手可在空間抓放物體，動(dòng)作靈活多樣，可代替人工在高溫和危險(xiǎn)的作業(yè)區(qū)進(jìn)行作業(yè)，并可根據(jù)工件的變化及運(yùn)動(dòng)流程的要求隨時(shí)更改相關(guān)參數(shù)。本文在縱觀了近年來(lái)搬運(yùn)機(jī)械手發(fā)展?fàn)顩r的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合搬運(yùn)機(jī)械手方面的設(shè)計(jì)，對(duì)搬運(yùn)機(jī)械手技術(shù)進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的分析，提出了用驅(qū)動(dòng)和 PLC 控制的設(shè)計(jì)方案。采用整體化的設(shè)計(jì)思想，充分考慮了軟、硬件各自的特點(diǎn)并進(jìn)行互補(bǔ)優(yōu)化。對(duì)搬運(yùn)機(jī)械手的整體結(jié)構(gòu)、執(zhí)行結(jié)構(gòu)、驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)和控制系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了分析和設(shè)計(jì)。在其驅(qū)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)中采用驅(qū)動(dòng)，控制系統(tǒng)中選擇 PLC 的控制單元來(lái)完成系統(tǒng)功能的初始化、搬運(yùn)機(jī)械手的移動(dòng)、故障報(bào)警等功能。最后提出了一種簡(jiǎn)單、易于實(shí)現(xiàn)、理論意義明確的控制策略。通過(guò)以上部分的工作，得出了經(jīng)濟(jì)型、實(shí)用型、高可靠型搬運(yùn)機(jī)械手的設(shè)計(jì)方案，對(duì)其他經(jīng)濟(jì)型 PLC 控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)也有一定的借鑒價(jià)值。關(guān)鍵詞: 搬運(yùn)機(jī)械手，交流電機(jī),可編程控制器（PLC） ，自動(dòng)化控制， 。2Abstract Manipulator industrial robot systems traditional mandate, Robot is one of the key components. Manipulator using the mechanical structure of screw-ball, slider, and other mechanical devices composition; Electric have AC motor, inverter, sensor, and other electronic device components. The device covers a programmable control technology, position control technology, detection technology, Mechatronics is a typical representative of one of the machines. This paper presents a manipulator by three PLC output pulse, driving horizontal, the vertical axis transducer, control manipulator axis horizontal and vertical positioning precision, micro-switches position signal transmission will host PLC; location close to the switching signal from the feedback from the mainframe to the PLC, through the exchange of Motor reversion to control the manipulator gripper Zhang, thus achieving accurate manipulator movement functions. The topics to be developed by the Manipulator grasping be up in space objects, movements flexible, diverse, can replace the artificial heat and dangerous operation conducted operations, According to the workpiece can change the campaign process and the requirements of any changes to the relevant parameters. In this paper, by reviewing the developmental status of the manipulator in recent years, combining the design of manipulator and systematic analyzing technology of the manipulator, We proposed the design scheme that the manipulator was driven by the pneumatic and the system was controlled by PLC. Integrative idea was adopted in this design to fully consider the characteristics of the software and hardware and complementary optimization. We analyzed and designed the overall structure, the implementation of structural, driving system and control system of the manipulator. We used pneumatic-driven in the driving system, PLC control unit in the control system to complete initialization of the system, manipulator's moving, failure alarm and so on. Finally we put forward a control strategy which is simple, easy to realize, and clear theoretical significance. Through the work above, a practical, economical, high-reliability sorting material manipulator was designed, which also had certain reference value for the other types of economical PLC control system design. Key words: manipulator ；AC motor ； programmable logic controller (PLC)； automatic control；sorting materia