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摘 要
叉車(chē)具有裝卸和搬運(yùn)功能，機(jī)動(dòng)靈活，能適應(yīng)多變的裝卸搬運(yùn)要求，普遍適用于港口、車(chē)站、貨場(chǎng)、車(chē)間、倉(cāng)庫(kù)、油田及機(jī)場(chǎng)等處，還可以進(jìn)入船艙和集裝箱內(nèi)進(jìn)行裝卸作業(yè)，除此之外，還廣泛應(yīng)用于軍事部門(mén)和特殊防爆部門(mén)，有的車(chē)輛可無(wú)人駕駛，到人員不斷接近的地方工作適用于柔性加工系統(tǒng)，總之，隨著物流技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展和工業(yè)化水平的提高，叉車(chē)使用范圍將日益擴(kuò)大，成為一種產(chǎn)量與品種很多的裝卸搬運(yùn)機(jī)械。
本叉車(chē)是參照市場(chǎng)上已有產(chǎn)品大連CPCD80型8噸叉車(chē)設(shè)計(jì)，基本參數(shù)與相近，最大載重量也為8噸，本設(shè)計(jì)主要設(shè)計(jì)了變速箱、起降油缸、驅(qū)動(dòng)橋。
現(xiàn)代叉車(chē)技術(shù)發(fā)展的主要趨勢(shì)是充分考慮舒適性、安全可靠性和可維護(hù)性 ,產(chǎn)品專(zhuān)業(yè)化、系列多樣化,大量應(yīng)用新技術(shù),完善操控系統(tǒng),重視節(jié)能和環(huán)保 ,全面提升產(chǎn)品的性能和品質(zhì)。
通過(guò)對(duì)國(guó)際國(guó)內(nèi)叉車(chē)造型設(shè)計(jì)的現(xiàn)狀分析，運(yùn)用工業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的理論和方法，研究了叉車(chē)造型設(shè)計(jì)的要素及設(shè)計(jì)原則：造型要求簡(jiǎn)潔明快、線(xiàn)條流暢，以體現(xiàn)車(chē)身的力度感與堅(jiān)實(shí)穩(wěn)重的感；色彩．力求單純，給人以輕松、愉悅的感覺(jué)，主色調(diào)以明度較高的黃 色、橙色為宜；車(chē)身前后左右要求有寬大的玻璃，儀表具有良好的可讀性。研究結(jié)果對(duì)叉車(chē)設(shè)計(jì)具有重要的實(shí)際指導(dǎo)意義。
關(guān)鍵詞：叉車(chē)； 三軸式； 滑移直齒輪變速； 緊湊
ABSTRACT
Forklifts can do handing works,and can flexibility to adapt to changing of handing requirements,and generally applicable to ports,railway stations,freight yard,workshops,warehouses,oil fields and the airport and places,and forklifts could still enter the cabin and container handing operations within.In addition,forklifts are alseo widely used in military and special explosion—proof sector,some vehicles will be unmanned,that officers should hot work in places close to or for Flexible Manufacturing Systerm.In short, as the logistics and technological development and the enhancement of the level of industrialization,the use of fork lifts will be expanding ,and it will become a yield varieties with a lot of material handing machinery.
The forklift is based produces already on the market in Dalian CPCD80-8-ton forklift design,the basit parameters was similar,for the largest load of 8 tons.The main degin of the design is the transmission, Other parts only briefly describes or do not given the design.Within this total,the transmission of three-axis,gearbex,sliding gear transmission,simple and compact structure,by the same agencies to achieve a variable speed transmission and reverse operation..
The major trend ofmodern technology developmentof the fork truck is to be fully in consideration of the friendly operation, the reliability, the safety, the goodmaintenance, the specialization, the series, and the diversificat, and to adopt new technology, to improve steering system, and to focuson energy saving and environmentprotection in order to promote the truck’s capacity and quality.
Based on the analysis of current status of international and domestic forklift truck form design， the key elements and design principles in forklift truck form design was researched using industriM design theory and methodology：It Was put forward that the form offorklift truck should be simple and lively tll smooth lines in order to convey the sense of strength and steadiness；the color strives simplicity to make people feel pleasant and light — mainly usingtones ofyeHow and orange；there shouldbe big ass atthefrontand back oftrucks；thein— struments should be easy to read．The research results provided practical reference for forklift truck design．
Keywords： fork truck; 3-axis; sliding gear transmission; compact