2019高考英語(yǔ) 基礎(chǔ)保分篇 第七講 虛擬語(yǔ)氣講與練 新人教版.doc

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第七講　虛擬語(yǔ)氣 第一課時(shí)　知識(shí)過(guò)關(guān)課 [注意]　虛擬條件句與主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞——與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)或?qū)?lái)可能的事實(shí)相反，從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)(be用were)；與將來(lái)可能的事實(shí)相反時(shí)還可用were to/should＋動(dòng)詞原形，主句用would/should/could/might＋動(dòng)詞原形；與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，主句用would/should/could/might have＋過(guò)去分詞。 讀語(yǔ)篇，悟語(yǔ)法。反復(fù)朗讀下列短文，領(lǐng)悟畫(huà)線及黑體部分。思考：什么情況下用虛擬語(yǔ)氣；雖同是虛擬語(yǔ)氣，但什么情況下用過(guò)去式表示，什么情況下用(should＋動(dòng)詞原形)表示。 My deskmate, Mary, treats me as__if__she__were[1] my sister. She is nice but fat. If__she__were not so fat，she__would__look[2] like a super model. Last year, a doctor advised__that__she__(should)__eat[3] more vegetables and fruits. He also made a__suggestion__that__she__(should)__work__out[4] regularly. Besides, he insisted__that__she__(should)__walk[5] to school. If__she__had__followed__the__doctor’s__advice,__she__would__not__be__so__fat__now[6]. In other words, if__the__doctor__had__persuaded her to do so, she would__not__have__bee[7] overweight. This morning, Mary’s mother bought her a new dress. It was really nice. But after she tried it on, she couldn’t help shouting, “If__only__I__were[8] a little thinner!__How__I__wish__I__hadn’t__eaten[9] so much junk food before！” Were__I__Mary,__I would__make[10] a weight loss plan. If__I__became__overweight__in__the__future，I__would__do[11] sports every day. Now it__is__high__time__she__changed[12] her lifestyle. Without a healthy lifestyle, she wouldn’t__be[13] able to lose weight. I would__rather__she__went[14] swimming with me, but she insists__that__water__sports__are[15] not suitable for her. So it__is__necessary__that__she__(should)__walk[16] to school. 1.在as if/as though，even if/even though引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句或表語(yǔ)從句中，與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。 2.表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，if從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，(be一般用were)，主句的謂語(yǔ)用would/should/could/might＋動(dòng)詞原形。 3～5.在insist，suggest，advise，order，mand，propose，demand，require，request等后面的賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”，其中的should可以省略。在suggestion，advice，order，mand，demand，requirement，request等名詞后面的表語(yǔ)從句或同位語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”，其中的should可以省略。 6.錯(cuò)綜條件句：有時(shí)if從句中的動(dòng)作與主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致，這時(shí)動(dòng)詞的形式應(yīng)根據(jù)他們表示的時(shí)間加以調(diào)整。本句的虛擬條件句與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反。 7.表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，if從句的謂語(yǔ)形式用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，即“had＋過(guò)去分詞”，主句用“would/should/could/might＋have＋過(guò)去分詞”。 8～9.在表示愿望的動(dòng)詞wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句和If only(但愿)引出的句子中，需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，從句或if only后的句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，從句或if only后的句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。 10.如果if從句中含有were，had或should，可將if省略，然后將were，had或should提前至主語(yǔ)前，即從句可用半倒裝。 11.表示與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，if從句的謂語(yǔ)形式用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，或用“were to/should＋動(dòng)詞原形”，主句用“would/should/could/might＋動(dòng)詞原形”。 12.在It is (high) time that后的從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“should(不能省略)＋動(dòng)詞原形”或一般過(guò)去時(shí)都可以。 13.含蓄條件從句：用連詞otherwise，or，but或用介詞but for，without等暗示前面的條件。與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。其中介詞but for，without表示的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，可和if引導(dǎo)的假設(shè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句替換。 14.would (had) rather，would sooner用來(lái)表達(dá)主觀愿望，它們之后的賓語(yǔ)從句中需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)相反，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反。 15.動(dòng)詞insist表“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為，堅(jiān)持說(shuō)，堅(jiān)持某種說(shuō)法”；suggest表“暗示，表明”時(shí)，后面從句不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。 16.在it is necessary (important，natural，strange，surprising) that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句中，主語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“(should)＋動(dòng)詞原形”。 Ⅰ.單句填空(用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空) 1.If I were(be) you, I would do it in a different way. 2.If you had followed my advice just now, you would__be(be) fine now. 3.He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball, otherwise he would__have__scored(score) a goal. 4.If I had(have) a million dollars, I would first donate some of the money to poor children in remote mountainous areas. 5.The doctor ordered that she (should)__stay(stay) in bed for a few days. 6.It is very important that you (should)__master(master) the skills of puter. 7.English teachers give advice that we (should)__make(make) good use of every chance to speak English. 8.It is high time that we took/should__take(take) some measures to protect the wild animals. 9.How I wish every family had(have) a large house with a beautiful garden! 10.Jane’s pale face suggested that she was(be) ill, and her parents suggested that she (should)__have(have) a medical examination. Ⅱ.單句改錯(cuò)(下列每句中有一處錯(cuò)誤，每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改，請(qǐng)指出并改正。) 1.How I wish there are 28 hours a day so that I had more time for fun.are→were 2.Had he worked hard years ago, he would bee very rich.在bee前加have 3.If I were a boy again, I will remember that a good skater never tries to skate in two directions at once.will→would 4.But the fact that China is also affected by the global economic crisis, we would have fewer workers now.在But后加for 5.It might have been done better if you have been more careful.第二個(gè)have→had 6.I actually believe that we would be in Xi’an now if you hadn’t caught drunk while driving last month.在caught前加been 7.It is high time that we establish an honest and fair system of education.establish→established或在establish前加should 8.Mr. Li, my English teacher, speaks English as if he is an Englishman.is→were 9.Tibet is so mysteriously described by some people that I think if only I can go there.can→could 10.I’d rather he goes to the theatre tomorrow.goes→went Ⅲ.語(yǔ)篇填空(閱讀下面短文，按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語(yǔ)法性和上下文連貫的要求，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。) Tom and Peter are twins. They look as if they 1.________ (be) the same person. Both the two boys are smart, but Tom is hard－working while Peter is lazy.Tom always wins the first place in the exams, which suggests that he 2.________ ( be ) hard－working. Peter could do better，3.________ he doesn’t want to work hard.People believe if Peter 4.________ (work) as hard as Tom，he would do as well as his brother in his study. At home, their parents make a suggestion that they 5.________ (do) the dishes in turn and insist that they 6.________ (finish) their homework before playing puter games. But Peter insists that it 7.________ (be) also OK to play games first as long as he can hand in his homework in time. Their mother gives in in the end. One day, when doing his homework, Tom found he made a serious mistake. So, he put the exercise－book aside and used another one. When Peter found the previous exercise－book, he struck out Tom’s name and signed his name on its cover happily, and handed it in as his own homework the next day. When the teacher told the truth to the twins’ mother, she kept silent first but her expression suggested that she 8.________ ( be ) angry. Later, she shouted at Peter: “How I wish you 9.________ (be) as diligent as your brother! Now it’s time that I 10.________ (give) you a good lesson. And I insist that you 11.________ (not play) any puter games for a whole month too. Remember to do as I ask you to，12.________，you would be forbidden to touch the puter for a year！” “Oh, no! Mom.13.________ puter for such a long time, I would die. I would rather you 14.________ (ask) me to do the dishes for a month alone.”P(pán)eter was upset. “If you 15.________ (finish) your homework on time yesterday, you wouldn’t be punished now.” said the mother. 【語(yǔ)篇導(dǎo)讀】　湯姆和彼特雖然長(zhǎng)得很像且都很聰明，但學(xué)習(xí)上卻一勤一懶，各不相同，甚至有一次彼特還因偷懶，投機(jī)取巧，鬧出了笑話。 1.were　[as if引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句是與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的情況，從句謂語(yǔ)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，be一般用were。] 2.is　[suggests表示“表明，說(shuō)明”，其后的賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用陳述語(yǔ)氣。] 3.but　[“本來(lái)可以做得更好”與“不愿努力學(xué)”是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故用連詞but。] 4.worked　[if表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。] 5.(should) do　[在表示“建議”的suggestion后的同位語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用(should) do。] 6.(should) finish　[在insist表示“堅(jiān)決要求”時(shí)，其后的賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“(should)＋動(dòng)詞原形”。] 7.is　[該句的insists表示“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”，其賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用陳述語(yǔ)氣。] 8.was　[suggested表示“表明，說(shuō)明”，其賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用陳述語(yǔ)氣。] 9.were　[在表示愿望的wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句，其賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去式表示現(xiàn)在的愿望。] 10.gave或should give　[在It’s time that句型的that從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)或“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”。] 11.(should) not play　[句中insist表示“堅(jiān)決要求”，其賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)用“(should)＋動(dòng)詞原形”。] 12.or/otherwise　[由后面句中的謂語(yǔ)would be可知，前面用or或otherwise(否則)來(lái)表示虛擬條件。] 13.Without　[由后面的would die可知，填without表示虛擬條件。] 14.asked　[在would rather后的從句中，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)。] 15.had finished　[表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的情況，虛擬條件句的謂語(yǔ)用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。] 第二課時(shí)　寫(xiě)作增分課 虛擬語(yǔ)氣在寫(xiě)作中的增分點(diǎn) 一、使用“虛擬語(yǔ)氣”表達(dá)“愿望” 1.我多么希望我能更聰明一些，精力更充沛一些。(how I wish, more intelligent, more energetic) How__I__wish__I__were__more__intelligent__and__more__energetic. 2.要是我上初中時(shí)沒(méi)把時(shí)間浪費(fèi)在看小說(shuō)上該多好啊。(if only, waste time in doing, read novels, in junior high school) If__only__I__hadn’t__wasted__the__time__in__reading__novels__when__I__was__in__junior__high__school. 3.是該你盡最大努力來(lái)趕上別人的時(shí)候了。(it’s high time that, catch up with others) It’s__high__time__that__you__tried/should__try__your__best__to__catch__up__with__others. 4.我想你明天還是不來(lái)的好。(I would rather) I__would__rather__you__didn’t__e__tomorrow. 5.他在課堂上如此昏昏欲睡，好像他幾天都沒(méi)睡過(guò)覺(jué)一樣。(sleepy, in class, as if) He__was__so__sleepy__in__class__as__if__he__hadn’t__slept__a__wink__for__several__days. 6.我感到如此惡心。我希望母親沒(méi)有逼我吃那么多。(sick, wish, force) I__feel__so__sick.I__wish__Mum__hadn’t__forced__me__to__eat__so__much. 二、在寫(xiě)作中巧妙運(yùn)用虛擬條件句 1.如果當(dāng)時(shí)我身上錢(qián)足夠的話，我就把那本書(shū)買(mǎi)下來(lái)了。(have enough money with me) If__I__had__enough__money__with__me__at__that__time,__I__would__have__bought__the__book. 2.如果明天下雨，野餐將會(huì)取消。(put off, until next week；條件句用三種方法翻譯) If__it__rained/should__rain/were__to__rain__tomorrow,__the__picnic__would__be__cancelled. 3.如果你過(guò)去學(xué)英語(yǔ)方法正確的話，你的英語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在就不會(huì)這么糟。(learn English in the right way, so bad) If__you__had__learned__English__in__the__right__way,__it__wouldn’t__be__so__bad__now./Had__you__learned__English__in__the__right__way，it__wouldn’t__be__so__bad__now. 4.如果計(jì)劃有變化，我會(huì)立即通知你。(should there be, change, the plan, inform, immediately) Should__there__be__any__change__about__the__plan,__I__would__inform__you__immediately. 5.要是你再早一點(diǎn)兒來(lái)的話，你就不會(huì)受到懲罰了。(had you, punish) Had__you__e__earlier,__you__wouldn’t__have__been__punished./If__you__had__e__earlier，you__wouldn’t__have__been__punished. 三、學(xué)會(huì)熟練使用含蓄條件句 1.在競(jìng)賽中他本可以得金牌，但他卻在比賽開(kāi)始時(shí)就摔倒了。(win a gold medal, but, fall over) He__could__have__won__a__gold__medal,__but__he__fell__over__immediately__the__race__began. 2.如果沒(méi)有電，生活對(duì)于許多人來(lái)說(shuō)將是痛苦的。(without, miserable) Without__electricity,__life__would__be__miserable__for__many__people. 3.路上堵車(chē)了，要不然我早就到了。(be caught in, otherwise, be here earlier) I__was__caught__in__the__traffic__jam;__otherwise__I__would__have__e__here__earlier. 4.要不是你的幫助，我在作文競(jìng)賽中就得不了一等獎(jiǎng)。(but for, the first prize, the English Writing petition) But__for__your__help,__I__wouldn’t__have__won__the__first__prize__in__the__English__Writing__petition. 四、用“(should＋)動(dòng)詞原形”來(lái)表達(dá)“想讓某人做某事” 1.他堅(jiān)持說(shuō)他從來(lái)沒(méi)有見(jiàn)過(guò)那支鋼筆，并堅(jiān)持要她道歉。(insist, make an apology) He__insisted__that__he__had__never__seen__the__pen__and__insisted__she__make__an__apology. 2.醫(yī)生臉上吃驚的表情表明我母親的病很?chē)?yán)重，醫(yī)生建議她馬上動(dòng)手術(shù)。(the surprised look, suggest, illness, serious, be operated on) The__surprised__look__on__the__doctor’s__face__suggested__that__my__mother’s_illness__was__serious__and__he__suggested__she__be__operated__on__at__once. 3.要求每個(gè)學(xué)生在聽(tīng)報(bào)告時(shí)要記筆記。(request, take notes, while) It__is__requested__that__every__student__take__notes__while__listening__to__the__report. 4.我們催促政府馬上采取行動(dòng)。(urge, the government, take measures) We__urge__that__the__government__take__measures__at__once.