2019高考英語 閱讀理解專題選編（1）（含解析）.doc

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2019高考英語閱讀理解專題選編（1） A Taylore is a kid who passes by to ride sometimes and help us with chores. Barely 15, she’s never short of advice, and one of her favorite pastimes is teasing me about being afraid to go too fast on a horse. Last summer four of us rode down the trail behind our woods: my wife Karen, Taylore, Taylore’s friend Kendall and me. I was riding my 13-year-old, Tawny. We were two miles from home when, for some unexplainable reason,　I pushed Tawny into a gallop（飛馳）. The other horses were anxious to catch up, and just like that, the race was on. Taylore brushed past my left leg and, seconds later, Kendall went by on my right. I realized Tawny was covering ground faster than I’d ever seen her. She strained every muscle in her body to catch up with the girls. It was like a truck winding over a mountain road without brakes (閘). Part of me felt perfectly in control, while another part screamed that I wasn’t. In half a mile I knew we’d be crossing the highway, so I prayed that the girls would be fine. I gave up calculating how long it might take before my horse would be tried enough to want to slow down. I was just about out of answers when I saw the girls slowing in front of me. Their horses were relaxed and fortable, not even breathing hard. Taylore’s face glowed. She gave me a high five. ＂Wow, you did well, ＂she said. ＂ I knew you’d go fast when you were ready.＂ No one in the group had even broken a sweat, except me. I was still nervous from the crazy pace. My heart pounded too, but not from exercise. Karen claims I was showing off for the girls that day, and maybe she’s right. But I think I had something to prove. Because despite my wrinkles (皺紋), glasses and gray hair, I was feeling young at heart. And, like a horse on a warm summer day, I’m always ready to kick up my heels. 1. How did the race between the girls and the author begin? A. His horse’s gallop made the other horses want to catch up. B. He wanted to show off his riding skills for the girls. C. They wanted to know whose horse could run fastest. D. They teased him about being afraid to go too fast on a horse. 2. During the race, ___________. A. the author’s horse outran the girl’s horses the whole time B. the author was confident that Tawny was in control C. the girls were so anxious to win that they sweated a lot D. the author’s good performance took Taylore by surprise 3. When the race ended, the author’s heart pounded because ________. A. he was feeling thrilled and young B. it was really tough exercise for him C. he was worried that the girls might be in danger D. he felt quite embarrassed that he had lost the race 4. The phrase ＂ kick up my heels＂ at the end can be replaced by _________. A. devote myself B. enjoy myself C. accept my challenge D. take part in running petition 【文章大意】文章描述作者和兩個(gè)女孩騎馬比賽，這讓作者感到興奮，也感到雖然自己上了年紀(jì)，但是有一顆年輕的心。 1.A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段的＂We were two miles from home when, for some unexplainable reason,I pushed Tawny into a gallop(飛馳). The other horses were anxious to catch up, and just like that, the race was on.＂可知，作者的馬飛馳起來使得其它馬想要趕上。故選A。 3.A【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段的＂I was still nervous from the crazy pace. My heart pounded too, but not from exercise. …Because despite my wrinkles (皺紋), glasses and gray hair, I was feeling young at heart.＂可知，比賽結(jié)束的時(shí)候，作者的心狂跳因?yàn)樗杏X興奮而且年輕。故選A。 B (2016齊魯名校高三第一次聯(lián)考) Have you ever run into a careless cell phone user on the street？Perhaps they were busy talking，texting or checking updates on WeChat without looking at what was going on around them.As the number of this new“species”of human has kept rising.they have been given a new name－phubbers (低頭族)． Recently，a cartoon created by students from China Central Academy of Fine Arts put this group of people under the spotlight.In the short film，phubbers with various social identities bury themselves in their phones.A doctor plays with his cell phone while letting his patient die，a pretty woman takes selfie in front of a car accident site，and a father loses his child without knowing about it while using his mobile phone.A chain of similar events eventually leads to the destruction of the world. Although the ending sounds overstated the damage phubbing can bring is real. Your health is the first to bear the effect and result of it.“Constantly bending your head to check your cell phone could damage your neck，”Guangming Daily quoted doctors as saying，“the neck is like a rope that breaks after longterm stretching.”Also，staring at cell phones for long periods of time will damage your eyesight gradually，according to the report. But that’s not all.Being a phubber could also damage your social skills and drive you away from your friends and family.At reunions with family or friends，many people tend to stick to their cell phones while others are chatting happily with each other and this creates a strange atmosphere，Qilu Evening News reported. It can also cost you your life.There have been lots of reports on phubbers who fell to their death，suffered accidents，and were robbed of their cell phones in broad daylight. 1．For what purpose does the author give the example of a cartoon in Para.2? A．To inform people of the bad effects of phubbing. B．To advertise the cartoon made by students. C．To indicate the world will finally be destroyed by phubbers. D．To warn doctors against using cell phones while treating patients. 2．Which of the following is NOT a risk a phubber may have? A．His social skills could be affected. B．His neck and eyesight will be gradually harmed. C．He will cause the destruction of the world. D．He might get separated from his friends and family. 3．Which of the following may be the author’s attitude towards phubbing? A．Supportive. B．Opposed. C．Optimistic. D．Objective. 4．What may the passage talk about next? A．Definition of phubbers. B．People addicted to phubbing. C．Measures to reduce the risks of phubbing. D．Consequences of phubbing. 【解題導(dǎo)語】　作者通過描述低頭族過度使用手機(jī)所帶來的危害，提醒我們應(yīng)恰當(dāng)使用手機(jī)。 1．解析：選A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容和第三段的“Although the ending sounds overstated the damage phubbing can bring is real.”可知答案應(yīng)選A。 2．解析：選C。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四、五段可知。 3．解析：選B。作者態(tài)度題。從作者提供的卡通視頻和后面提到的各種后果可知，作者是反對(duì)低頭族的。 4．解析：選C。推理判斷題。根據(jù)排除法，因?yàn)锳、B、D在文中都已談?wù)撨^，下面應(yīng)該告訴我們減少危害的措施了。 C In the more and more petitive service industry, it is no longer enough to promise customer satisfaction. Today, customer “delight” is what panies are trying to achieve in or order to keep and increase market share. It is accepted in the marketing industry, and confirmed by a number of researches, that customers receiving good service will promote business by telling up to 12 other people: those treated badly will tell their tales of woe to up to 20 people, 80 percent of people who feel their plaints are handled fairly will stay loyal New lunges for customer care have e when people can obtain goods and services through telephone call centers and the Internet. For example , many panies now have to invest(投資)a lot of money in information technology and staff training in order to cope with the “phone rage”—caused by delays in answering calls ,being cut off in mid-conversation or left waiting for long periods. “Many people do not like talking to machines,” says Dr . Storey Senior Lecturer in Marketing at City University Business School. “Banks, for example, encourage staff at call centers to use customer data to establish instant and good relationship with them .The aim is to make the customer feel they know you and that you can trust— the sort of fortable feelings people have during face-to-face chats with their local branch manager.” Remended ways of creating customer delight include: under-promising and over-delivering (saying that a repair will be calmed out within five hours ,but getting it done within two );replacing a faulty product immediately : throwing in a gift voucher(購物禮卷)as an unexpected “thank you” to rental customers ;and always returning calls ,even when they are plaints. Aiming for customer delight is all very well , but if services do not reach the high level promised , disappointment or worse will be the result . This can be eased by offering an apology and an explanation of why the service did not meet usual standards with empathy (for example,” I know how you must feel”), and possible solutions (replacement , pensation or whatever fames suggests best meets the case). Airlines face some of the toughest challenges over customer care. Fierce petition has convinced them that delighting passengers is an important marketing tool, while there is great potential for customer anger over delays caused by weather, unclaimed luggage and technical problems. For British Airways staff, a winning telephone style is considered vital in handling the large volume of calls about bookings and flight times. They are trained to answer quickly, with their name, job title and a “we are here to help” attitude. The pany has invested heavily in information technology to make sure that information is available instantly on screen. British Airways also says its customer care policies are applied within the pany and staff are taught to regard each other as customers requiring the highest standards of service. Customer care is obviously here to stay and it would be a foolish pany that used slogans such as "we do as we please”. On the other hand, the more customers are promised, the greater the risk of disappointment. ( ) 1. We can learn from Paragraph 2 that . A. plaining customers are hard to satisfy B. unsatisfied customers receive better service C. Satisfied customers catch more attention D. well-treated customers promote business ( ) 2. The writer mentions “phone rage”(Paragraph 3) to show that . A. customers often use phones to express their anger B. people still prefer to buy goods online C. customer care bees more attention D. customers rely on their phones to obtain services ( ) 3. What does the writer remend to create delight? A. Calling customers regularly B. Giving a “thank you” note. C. Delivering a quicker service D. Promising more gifts. ( ) 4. If a manager should show his empathy (Paragraph6), what would he probably say? A. “I know how upset you must be.” B. “I appreciate your understanding.” C. “I’m sorry for the delay.” D. “I know it’s our fault.” ( ) 5. Customer delight is important for airlines because . A. their telephone style remains unchanged B. they are more likely to meet with plaints C. the services cost them a lot of money D. the policies can be applied to their staff ( ) 6. Which of the following is conveyed in this article? A. Face-to-face service creates fortable feelings among customers. B. panies that promise more will naturally attract more customers. C. A pany should promise less but do more in a petitive market. D. Customer delight is more important for airlines than for banks. 【參考答案】1—6、DCCABC D (2015濟(jì)南3月模擬) If you think that running marathons will help you live a long and healthy life, new research may e as a shock.According to a recent scientific study, people who do a very strenuous workout are as likely to die as people who do no exercise at all. Scientists in Denmark have been studying over 1，000 joggers and nonjoggers for 12 years.The death rates from the sample group indicate that people who jog at a moderate pace two or three times a week for less than two and a half hours in total are least likely to die.The best speed to jog at was found to be about 5 miles per hour.The research suggests that people who jog more than three times a week or at higher speeds of over 7 mph die at the same rate as nonjoggers.The scientists think that this is because strenuous exercise causes structural changes to the heart and arteries(動(dòng)脈)．Over time, this can cause serious injuries. Peter Schnohr, a researcher in Copenhagen, said, “If your goal is to decrease risk of death and improve life expectancy, jogging a few times a week at a moderate pace is a good strategy.Anything more is not just unnecessary, and it may be harmful.” The implications of this are that moderate forms of exercise such as t’ai chi, yoga and brisk walking may be better for us than “iron man” events, triathlons and longdistance running and cycling.According to Jacob Louis Marott, another researcher involved in the study, “You don’t actually have to do that much to have a good impact on your health.And perhaps you shouldn’t actually do too much.” 1．The underlined word “strenuous” in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to “________”． A．hard　　　　　　　 B．regular C．practical D．flexible 2. The author presents some figures in Paragraph 2 to________. A．suggest giving up jogging B．show risks of doing sports C．provide supportive evidence D．introduce the research process 3．According to the scientists, why is too much exercise harmful? A．It may injure the heart and arteries. B．It can make the body tired out. C．It will bring much pressure. D．It consumes too much energy. 4．What can be inferred from the text? A．No exercise at all is the best choice. B．More exercise means a healthier life. C．Marathon runners are least likely to die. D．Proper exercise contributes to good health. 【解題導(dǎo)語】　最新的一項(xiàng)科學(xué)研究顯示：從事劇烈運(yùn)動(dòng)的人與根本不鍛煉的人死亡幾率是一樣的，而適度的鍛煉會(huì)有益于健康。 1．解析：選A。詞義猜測(cè)題。此處指像馬拉松一樣的鍛煉，所以strenuous應(yīng)與hard意思相近，表示“艱苦的，費(fèi)力的”。regular“定時(shí)的”；practical“實(shí)用的”；flexible“靈活的”。 2．解析：選C。寫作手法題。作者在第二段中采用了列數(shù)字的方法，是為了提供支持的證據(jù)，能更有力地說明第一段的研究結(jié)論。 3．解析：選A。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的最后兩句“The scientists think that this is because strenuous exercise causes structural changes... serious injuries.”可知，劇烈運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)導(dǎo)致心臟和動(dòng)脈結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)生變化，從而有損健康。 4．解析：選D。推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后兩段可知，過度鍛煉不僅沒有必要，而且還可能有害，適當(dāng)?shù)腻憻挄?huì)有助于健康。 E Coffee is one of the most popular drinks throughout the world today. In fact, according to some estimates, over 30% of all adults in the world drink coffee at least once a day on the average. Coffee contains a kind of drug called caffeine. Caffeine is a chemical that stimulates (刺激) the nerves of the body. Drinking coffee tends to make people a little bit more awake―at least for a short time―because of this stimulating effect on the nervous system. A cup of coffee has, on the average, about 3% caffeine in it. One story of the discovery of the coffee plant relates to this effect of caffeine. According to the story, coffee was discovered in East Africa. The story says that coffee was first found by a goat farmer named Kaldi. This was about the year 850. Kaldi was leading his animals through the mountains and the goats were stopping repeatedly to eat the plants near the path. Suddenly, some of the goats started jumping up and down in a very strange way. Kaldi figured out that the goats were acting this way because of the plants they were eating. Kaldi himself tried eating some of the green beans (豆莢) that the goats had been eating. He, too, felt the stimulating effect of the beans. Kaldi wanted to prove what had happened, so he picked some of the beans and took them back to the village, where he told his story. The green bean got the name "Kaffa" and later "coffee" because the beans were discovered in a place called Kaffa in Africa. Then for years, people used to eat a few of the green Kaffa beans when they were in the mountains and needed extra energy to do their work. It was later found that the coffee beans could be picked and then dried until they turned brown, and then they could be stored. If the beans were dried and stored, they could be used at any time. 1.What is the purpose of drinking coffee? A. To bee more awake. B. To bee more healthy. C. To bee more happy. D. To bee more clever. 2.How did the goats react after eating the plants? A. They fell asleep. B. They could not find their way home. C. They started jumping up and down. D. They wanted to eat more. 3.Why did the green bean get the name "Kaffa"? A. Because Kaldi loved his home village very much. B. Because Kaldis goats loved the green bean very much. C. Because the beans were discovered in a place by this name. D. Because the beans could be picked and dried. 【參考答案】1.A 2.C 3.C 【解析】 試題分析：本文為我們介紹了咖啡豆。通過一個(gè)牧羊人的故事為我們講述了咖啡豆名字的起源及其產(chǎn)地和作用。 1.理解題。從第一段中“Drinking coffee tends to make people a little bit more awake”中可以看出咖啡豆的作用是使人變得清醒，故選A。 2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從文中第二段中“Suddenly, some of the goats started jumping up and down in a very strange way.”可以看出吃了這種植物后，一些羊開始以很奇怪的方式的跳上跳下，故選C。 3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從最后一段第一句“The green bean got the name "Kaffa" and later "coffee" because the beans were discovered in a place called Kaffa in Africa.”可知，這種青豆開始叫“Kaffa”后來變?yōu)椤翱Х取笔且驗(yàn)樗窃诜侵抟粋€(gè)叫Kaffa的地方被發(fā)現(xiàn)的，故選C。 考點(diǎn)：事物說明類閱讀