2019年高考英語一輪鞏固達(dá)標(biāo)練題 Unit 1 A land of diversity（含解析）新人教版選修8.doc

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A land of diversity ***閱讀理解。 Beijing’s Forbidden City is a place full of wonder. From its thousands of rooms to its many beautiful artifacts, there’s no wonder it’s one of China’s most popular tourist destinations. But even more than 600 years after it was built, it’s still managing to serve up surprises. Since it was built during the Ming Dynasty, it’s estimated that the Forbidden City has survived more than 200 earthquakes. And while most structures aren’t made to survive natural disasters, let alone ones built hundreds of years ago, it seems that the Forbidden City was built to withstand anything. A recent television documentary by UK broadcaster Channel 4 explored the skills of the ancient building’s designers. A group of Chinese carpenters and engineers were shown building a scale model (成比例模型) of one of the Forbidden City’s palaces, at one fifth of the size. To show how strong ancient Chinese architecture really is, the model was put to the test. It was subjected to a simulated (模擬的) earthquake of 9.5 on the Richter scale – equivalent to the largest ever recorded quake – and survived. Instead of falling apart, the model was just moved gently during the test. According to experts, the answer to the Forbidden City’s strength, as well as other ancient Chinese structures’, lies in dougong– a centuries-old building method invented in China. This is the name for special brackets on buildings. Despite being held together without any nails or glue, the brackets are perfect at keeping structures together when the weather gets rough. “Dougong design is an important earthquake-resistant feature of classical Chinese structures because the framework changes in shape when under pressure, much like the shock absorbers (減震器) of a car,” according to Chinese National Geography. “Ancient Chinese craftsmen created structures that were both enduring and aesthetically (在美學(xué)方面) pleasing using dougong, revealing their advanced understanding of mathematics, architecture, materials, and structural science.” The Forbidden City draws visitors because of its rich history and cultural significance, but perhaps it should add one more thing to its list of attractions: earthquake shelter. 1. What is the article mainly about? A.What has made the Forbidden City a popular tourist destination. B.What has helped the Forbidden City survive so many earthquakes. C.The characteristics of Chinese architecture during the Ming Dynasty. D.A variety of building methods used in ancient Chinese structures. 2. Which of the following can best replace the underlined phrase “was subjected to” in Paragraph 4? A. suffered B. was controlled by C. obeyed D. was affected by 3. What was the aim of the test in the UK documentary? A. To reproduce a real earthquake from the Ming Dynasty. B. To discover a long-lost Chinese building method C. To explain the impact of earthquakes on ancient buildings. D. To prove the strength of ancient Chinese architecture. 4. What is “dougong” according to the text? A. A paint that gives Chinese buildings an attractive look. B. A tool used by ancient people to measure earth-quakes. C. Special building parts that keep a traditional Chinese building together, D. A building piece located in the center of a traditional Chinese house. 【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了紫禁城的斗拱設(shè)計(jì)幫助它能夠在多次地震中幸存。 1. B【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，特別是倒數(shù)第二段中的“Dougong design is an important earthquake-resistant feature of classical Chinese structures because the framework changes in shape when under pressure”可知，紫禁城的斗拱設(shè)計(jì)幫助它能夠在多次地震中幸存。 3. D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“To show how strong ancient Chinese architecture really is, the model was put to the test. ”可知，測試的目的是證明中國古建筑的抗震性。 4. C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“dougong– a centuries-old building method invented in China. This is the name for special brackets on buildings.”可知，斗拱是連接中國傳統(tǒng)建筑物的一個(gè)特殊部件。 ***語法填空。 Creativity is a mysterious idea. We seem __1__ (feel) that some people are naturally creative, but we dont know how they got that way. Is creativity a natural gift, or is __2__ something that can __3__ (acquire)? Perhaps if we analyze the creative process __4__ (careful), we might get some insight (洞察力) into what it is and __5__ it might work in our lives. The creative process has always been accepted as the source of all important work in the arts, but we should not think the creativity plays a part only in the arts. Every major scientific discovery began with someone __6__ (imagine) the world differently from the way others saw it. And this is __7__ creativity is all about. And despite what you may believe about the limits of your own creative imagination, we all have the potential to imagine the world in __8__ absolutely new way. In fact, you are born __9__ it. And whats more, you use it every day. Its your creative mind __10__ gets meaning from chaos of experiences and brings order to your world. 1．________ 　2.________ 　3.________ 　4.________ 　 5.________ 　6.________ 　7.________ 　8.________ 　 9.________ 　10.________ 篇章導(dǎo)讀：本文是一篇議論文。創(chuàng)造力是天生的才華，還是后天也可以獲得？本文就這一話題展開了討論。 1．to feel 考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。我們感覺似乎某些人天生具有創(chuàng)造力。seem to do sth.“似乎要做某事”。 2．it 考查代詞。創(chuàng)造力是天生的才華，還是后天也可以習(xí)得的？這里用it指代creativity。 3．be acquired 考查被動(dòng)語態(tài)。先行詞something和acquire之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，又因?yàn)榍閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞can后要用動(dòng)詞原形，故此空填be acquired。 4．carefully 考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。也許如果我們仔細(xì)分析創(chuàng)造的過程，我們就會洞察到什么是創(chuàng)造力，它是如何在我們的生活中起作用的。這里用副詞修飾動(dòng)詞analyze。 5．how 考查特殊疑問詞。此處表述創(chuàng)造力是如何在我們生活中起作用的。由語義可知填how。 6．imagining 考查with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。每次重大的科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)都以某個(gè)人以不同于其他人的方式看待這個(gè)世界開始。此處為“with＋賓語＋賓語補(bǔ)足語”結(jié)構(gòu)，賓語和賓補(bǔ)之間是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故此空填imagining。 7．what 考查名詞性從句的連接詞。創(chuàng)造力就是用一種新的方式想象世界。空格處引導(dǎo)表語從句并在從句中作介詞about的賓語，故填連接代詞what。 8．a(chǎn)n 考查冠詞。我們都有這種潛能，用一種全新的方式想象這個(gè)世界。absolutely的發(fā)音以元音音素開頭，故用不定冠詞an，表泛指。 9．with 考查介詞。事實(shí)上，你天生具有創(chuàng)造力。be born with “生而具有”。 10．that 考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句。正是創(chuàng)造性思維使得你從混亂的經(jīng)歷中找到意義，給你的世界帶來秩序。由強(qiáng)調(diào)句基本結(jié)構(gòu)“It is/was＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that/who(當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)主語且主語指人)＋其他部分”可確定答案。 ***完形填空。 One day，while we were visiting my parents on a farm in late summer，Dad mentioned hed always wanted a Crimson King Maple Tree for the yard.Mom agreed that the trees were __1__. Like many other parents，mine were hard to __2__ for，so I figured this was a great opportunity to get them something theyd __3__.I also thought two would be even better.I checked the __4__ at work and decided it was a bit more than I could __5__—but all of my siblings(兄弟姊妹)agreed to give some money to buy the trees. In northern Ohio，you dont plant maple trees at Christmas，so we decided to __6__ Mom and Dad with a special Christmas in October before the ground __7__.We asked my aunt if shed help us with the “__8__”，and she called my parents __9__ to say she was ing for a Sunday visit.Then my sisters and sistersinlaw went into __10__，planning a big holiday turkey dinner. On the __11__ Sunday，we all met at my house and __12__ the trees into a truck.I __13__ as Santa Claus.When we arrived at my parents house，Dad was __14__ something was wrong first.He and Mom were amazed when we told them __15__ we were there. When Christmas __16__，of course，we couldnt go to our parents house emptyhanded，so Mom and Dad got __17__ presents that year.Almost half a century later，I __18__ drive by the old farm and smile when I see those big，handsome __19__ and remember giving a special __20__ to special people at Christmas in October. 1．A.distinctive　　　　B．fragrant C．expensive D．pretty 2．A.shop B．represent C．a(chǎn)nswer D．care 3．A.deserve B．a(chǎn)ppreciate C．a(chǎn)dvertise D．imagine 4．A.result B．number C．price D．express 5．A.afford B．expect C．fancy D．handle 6．A.frighten B．a(chǎn)ssist C．surprise D．reward 7．A.warmed B．froze C．softened D．darkened 8．A.trick B．purchase C．choice D．decoration 9．A.in advance B．in time C．by accident D．on purpose 10．A.service B．a(chǎn)ction C．effect D．production 11．A.regular B．separate C．given D．chosen 12．A.sorted B．loaded C．transported D．transplanted 13．A.dressed up B．passed off C．looked on D．started out 14．A.delighted B．a(chǎn)nnoyed C．disappointed D．convinced 15．A.when B．how C．why D．whether 16．A.came around B．dropped out C．turned up D．drew in 17．A.generous B．a(chǎn)dditional C．double D．special 18．A.even B．just C．once D．still 19．A.farms B．trees C．trucks D．yards 20．A.congratulation B．gift C．donation D．greeting 【解題導(dǎo)語】本文為記敘文，涉及家庭關(guān)系話題。作者講述了自己和親人們一起用特別的方式給其父母帶來驚喜的經(jīng)歷。 1．D　上文提及父親想要在庭院種植一棵楓樹，下文提及“those big, handsome”，故此處應(yīng)是母親也欣然同意，認(rèn)為楓樹很漂亮(pretty)。distinctive“與眾不同的”；fragrant“芳香的”。 2．A　根據(jù)上文的“Like many other parents, mine were hard to”，下文的“so I figured this was a great opportunity to get them something”以及接下來介紹的作者兄弟姊妹幾人為父母買禮物的內(nèi)容可知，此處指作者覺得給父母買東西是很難的，故選shop“購物”。 3．B　根據(jù)上文的“Dad mentioned hed always wanted a Crimson King Maple Tree for the yard...”及下文介紹的為父母買禮物的內(nèi)容可知，此處指作者認(rèn)為這是一個(gè)給父母買他們欣賞的東西的好機(jī)會。deserve“值得，應(yīng)得”；appreciate“感激，欣賞”；advertise“為……做廣告”；imagine“想象”。 4．C　根據(jù)下文的“but all of my siblings(兄弟姊妹)agreed to give some money to buy the trees”可知，作者在上班時(shí)查看了一下楓樹的價(jià)格(price)，認(rèn)為它的價(jià)格比自己能支付得起(afford)的還要高一點(diǎn)。express“快遞”。 5．A　參見上題解析。 6．C　從下文作者聯(lián)合其姑姑來幫忙實(shí)施這個(gè)計(jì)劃以及計(jì)劃具體實(shí)施的內(nèi)容可知，作者他們想給父母一個(gè)驚喜(surprise)。assist“幫助，協(xié)助”。 7．B　根據(jù)上下文語境及句中的“In northern Ohio, you dont plant maple trees at Christmas”“a special Christmas in October before the ground”可知，作者他們決定在土地上凍之前讓父母度過一個(gè)特別的圣誕節(jié)。freeze“結(jié)冰”符合語境。soften“變軟，軟化”。 8．A　根據(jù)上下文語境可知，作者詢問姑姑是否可以幫忙實(shí)施這個(gè)“騙局(trick)”。 9．A　根據(jù)上下文語境可知，作者的姑姑提前(in advance)給作者的父母打電話說她會在周日來拜訪。in time“及時(shí)”；by accident“意外地”；on purpose“故意地”。 10．B　根據(jù)下文的“planning a big holiday turkey dinner”可知，隨后，作者的姊妹和嫂子(或弟媳)行動(dòng)起來。go into action“行動(dòng)起來”符合語境。go into service“投入使用”；go into effect“生效”；go into production“投產(chǎn)”。 11．D　根據(jù)語境可知，作者和親人們在選定的(chosen)那個(gè)周日聚到自己家里。regular“慣常的，有規(guī)律的”。 12．B　根據(jù)下文的“the trees into a truck”可知，作者他們把樹裝上(loaded)卡車。transport“運(yùn)輸，運(yùn)送”；transplant“移植”。 13．A　根據(jù)下文的“as Santa Claus”可知，作者把自己裝扮(dressed up)成圣誕老人。pass sb./sth.off as“把……冒充為……”；look on sb./sth.as“把……當(dāng)做……”；start out as“以……開始，起初是……”。 14．D　根據(jù)上下文語境及句中的“something was wrong first”可知，作者的父親一開始堅(jiān)信哪里出了問題。convinced“確信，堅(jiān)信”符合語境。 15．C　根據(jù)語境可知，當(dāng)我們告訴他們我們?yōu)槭裁?why)會在那里的時(shí)候，父母感到很吃驚。 16．A　根據(jù)下文的內(nèi)容可知，當(dāng)又到圣誕節(jié)時(shí)，作者他們?nèi)ヌ酵改?。e around“再次出現(xiàn)，再度發(fā)生”；drop out“退出”；turn up“出現(xiàn)”；draw in“(白天變得)漸短”。 17．C　根據(jù)上文的“In northern Ohio, you dont plant maple trees at Christmas so we decided to...with a special Christmas in October”可知，作者他們在十月份的時(shí)候已經(jīng)為父母送上了一份特別的圣誕節(jié)禮物，而在真正的圣誕節(jié)到來的時(shí)候，他們又不能空手去拜訪自己的父母，故作者的父母那年是收到了雙份的(double)圣誕節(jié)禮物。additional“額外的”。 18．D　根據(jù)上下文語境可知，時(shí)隔幾乎半個(gè)世紀(jì)之后，當(dāng)作者看到那些高大、漂亮的楓樹(trees)時(shí)依然(still)會面帶微笑地駛過那個(gè)農(nóng)場。 19．B　參見上題解析。 20．B　作者看著那些楓樹時(shí)，會想起自己多年前在特別的圣誕節(jié)送給父母特別的禮物(gift)。上文中的“presents that year”亦是關(guān)鍵提示。donation“捐贈(zèng)物”；greeting“問候”。 ***短文改錯(cuò)。 Dear Jack， Im sorry to hear that you failed in the last final math exam, but which worries me most is that you are in low spirit when facing failure. As senior three students, we all had taken examinations of different types and experienced failure as well as success. It is no doubt that we should take positive attitudes towards our setbacks. We should spare no effort to analyzing the cause of failure, which can help us escape repeating the similar mistakes. Only when we figure out why we fail can we make a progress in our study. As for your anxiety, I think doing some sports can do good for you. It can give you some time to be refreshing in not only the body but also the mind so that we can go on with your learning energetically and efficiently. I hope all of the above can help you a lot. Lets work hardly together and turn our dream into reality. Yours， Li Hua 答案： Dear Jack， Im sorry to hear that you failed in the last final math exam, but worries me most is that you are in low when facing failure. As senior three students, we all taken examinations of different types and experienced failure as well as success. is no doubt that we should take positive attitudes towards our setbacks. We should spare no effort to the cause of failure, which can help us escape repeating the similar mistakes. Only when we figure out why we fail can we make progress in our study. As for your anxiety, I think doing some sports can do good you. It can give you some time to be in not only the body but also the mind so that can go on with your learning energetically and efficiently. I hope all of the above can help you a lot. Lets work together and turn our dream into reality. Yours， Li Hua 難項(xiàng)分析： 第一處：which→what　考查主語從句的連接詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，but連接兩個(gè)并列句，其后不是定語從句，故不能用which引導(dǎo)；連接詞引導(dǎo)主語從句，表示“所……的事”，故用what。 第二處：spirit→spirits　考查名詞的數(shù)。in low spirits為固定詞組，意為“情緒低落”。 第四處：It→There　考查固定句式。There is no doubt that ... “毫無疑問，……”，是固定句型。 ***